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RGyalrong
Gyalrong or rGyalrong (), also rendered Jiarong (), or sometimes Gyarung, is a subbranch of the Gyalrongic languages spoken by the Gyalrong people in Western Sichuan, China. Lai et al. (2020) refer to this group of languages as East Gyalrongic. Name The name ''Gyalrong'' is an abbreviation of Tibetan , ''shar rgyal-mo tsha-ba rong'' , "the hot valleys of the queen", to which the queen being Mount Murdo (in Tibetan, ''dmu-rdo'').Prins, Marielle. 2011. A web of relations: A grammar of rGyalrong Ji omùzú, p. 18. Mount Murdo is in the historical region of Kham, now mostly located inside Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan. This Tibetan word is transcribed in Chinese as 嘉绒 or 嘉戎 or 嘉荣, ''jiāróng''. It is pronounced by speakers of Situ. It is a place-name and is not used by the people to designate their own language. The autonym is pronounced in Situ and in Japhug. The Gyalrong people are the descendents of former Tibetan warriorsat the borde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyalrongic Languages
The Gyalrongic languages (also known as Rgyalrongic or Jiarongic) constitute a branch of the Qiangic languages of Sino-Tibetan, although some propose that it may be part of a larger Rung languages group, and do not consider it to be particularly closely related to Qiangic, suggesting that similarities between Gyalrongic and Qiangic may be due to areal influence. However, other work suggests that Qiangic as a whole may in fact be paraphyletic, with the only commonalities of the supposed "branch" being shared archaisms and areal features that were encouraged by contact. Jacques & Michaud (2011) propose that Qiangic including Gyalrongic may belong to a larger Burmo-Qiangic group based on some lexical innovations. Geographical distribution The Gyalrongic languages are spoken in Sichuan in China, mainly in the autonomous Tibetan and Qiang prefectures of Karmdzes and Rngaba. These languages are distinguished by their conservative morphology and their phonological archaisms, which mak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Situ Language
Situ () is a Rgyalrong language spoken in Sichuan, China. The name "Situ", literally "four Tusi", comes from a historical name of the Ma'erkang region. Distribution Gates (2012: 102-103) lists the following locations where Zbu is spoken. It is spoken by over 35,000-40,000 people in 57 villages. *southern half of Ma’ěrkāng/'Bar-kams County (53 villages) **Zhuókèjī, Mǎ’ěrkāng/'Bar-kams, and Sōnggǎng/rDzong-'gag Towns, including surrounding villages **Sūomò/Somang and Báiwān/Brag-bar Townships **Báiwān/Brag-bar and Dǎngbà/Dam-pa Townships * Jīnchuān/Chu-chen County (4 villages) **Jímù/Kye-mo Township (although Nilong Village primarily has Lavrung speakers) **possibly also Kǎlājiǎo and Sāwǎjiǎo Townships *northwestern Li County, Sichuan *southernmost Hóngyuán County (recent migrants) Dialects Gates (2012: 103) lists 7 dialects of Situ. *Jiaomuzu Township 脚木足乡, western Barkam County *Jimu Township 集木乡, Jinchuan County *Dangba Townsh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngawa Tibetan And Qiang Autonomous Prefecture
Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, also known as Aba (; Qiang: ; ), is an autonomous prefecture of northwestern Sichuan, bordering Gansu to the north and northeast and Qinghai to the northwest. Its seat is in Barkam, and it has an area of . The population was 919,987 in late 2013. The county of Wenchuan in Ngawa is the site of the epicenter of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, in which over 20,000 of its residents died and 40,000 were injured. History and names During the reign of Tibet's king Trisong Deutsen in the 8th century, the Gyalrong area was visited by the great translator Vairotsana. In 1410 Je Tsongkhapa's student Tshakho Ngawang Tapa established the first Tibetan Buddhist Gelug school monastery in the area, called "Gyalrong". In contemporary history, most of Ngawa was under the 16th Administrative Prefecture of Szechwan (), which was established by the Republic of China (ROC). The People's Republic of China defeated ROC troops in this area during Chinese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qiangic Languages
Qiangic (''Ch'iang, Kyang, Tsiang'', Chinese: 羌語支, "''Qiang'' language group"; formerly known as Dzorgaic) is a group of related languages within the Sino-Tibetan language family. They are spoken mainly in Southwest China, including Sichuan, Tibet and Yunnan. Most Qiangic languages are distributed in the prefectures of Ngawa, Garzê, Ya'an and Liangshan in Sichuan with some in Northern Yunnan as well. Qiangic speakers are variously classified as part of the Qiang, Tibetan, Pumi, Nakhi, and Mongol ethnic groups by the People's Republic of China. The extinct Tangut language of the Western Xia is considered to be Qiangic by some linguists, including Matisoff (2004).Matisoff, James. 2004"Brightening" and the place of Xixia (Tangut) in the Qiangic subgroup of Tibeto-Burman/ref> The undeciphered Nam language of China may possibly be related to Qiangic. Lamo, Larong and Drag-yab, or the Chamdo languages, a group of three closely related Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japhug Language
Japhug is a Gyalrong language spoken in Barkam County, Rngaba, Sichuan, China, in the three townships of Gdong-brgyad (, Japhug ), Gsar-rdzong (, Japhug ) and Da-tshang (, Japhug ). The endonym of the Japhug language is . The name Japhug (; Tibetan: ''ja phug''; ) refers in Japhug to the area comprising Gsar-rdzong and Da-tshang, while that of Gdong-brgyad is also known as (Jacques 2004), but speakers of Situ Gyalrong use this name to refer to the whole Japhug-speaking area. Phonology Japhug is the only toneless Gyalrong language. It has 49 consonants and seven vowels. Consonants The phoneme /w/ has the allophones and The phoneme is realized as an epiglottal fricative in the coda or preceding another consonant. The prenasalized consonants are analyzed as units for two reasons. First, there is a phoneme /ɴɢ/, as in /ɴɢoɕna/ "large spider", but neither /ɴ/ nor /ɢ/ exist as independent phonemes. Second, there are clusters of fricatives and prenasalized v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tshobdun Language
Tshobdun () is a Rgyalrong language spoken in Sichuan, China. It is surrounded by the Zbu, Japhug, and Amdo Tibetan Amdo Tibetan (; also called ''Am kä'') is the Tibetic language spoken in Amdo (now mostly in Qinghai, some in Ngawa and Gannan). It has two dialects, the farmer dialect and the nomad dialect. Amdo is one of the three branches of traditional c ... languages. References Further reading * Qiangic languages Languages of China {{st-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zbu Language
Zbu (Chinese ''Ribu'' 日部), or Showu, is a Rgyalrong language spoken in Sichuan, China. The Khalong Tibetan language has a Showu (Zbu) substratum, as evident from its phonology and grammar. Distribution Gates (2012: 105–106) lists the following locations where Zbu is spoken. It is spoken by over 6,000 people in 28 villages. *Sìdàbà (Written Tibetan: Stod-pa) District of Barkam County: in Kāngshān (Khang-sar) and Rìbù (rDzong-’bur) Townships * Rangtang County: Wúyī Township and Shili Township, in Shàngdàshígōu, Zhōngdàshígōu, and Xiàdàshígōu Villages. Shili Township also has Shangzhai (sTodsde/Northern Horpa) speakers. *Gēlètuó Township, Seda County, Ganzi Prefecture: in Tshopo, Nyagluo, Rabde, and Tshekho Villages *southwestern corner of Ābà/rNga-ba County: in Kēhé and Róngān Townships (Asejie, Mengu, Sharga, Ganba, and Tsega Villages). Amdo Tibetan is the local lingua franca A lingua franca (; ; for plurals see ), also known as a b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Showu Language
Zbu (Chinese ''Ribu'' 日部), or Showu, is a Rgyalrong language spoken in Sichuan, China. The Khalong Tibetan language has a Showu (Zbu) substratum, as evident from its phonology and grammar. Distribution Gates (2012: 105–106) lists the following locations where Zbu is spoken. It is spoken by over 6,000 people in 28 villages. *Sìdàbà (Written Tibetan: Stod-pa) District of Barkam County: in Kāngshān (Khang-sar) and Rìbù (rDzong-’bur) Townships * Rangtang County: Wúyī Township and Shili Township, in Shàngdàshígōu, Zhōngdàshígōu, and Xiàdàshígōu Villages. Shili Township also has Shangzhai (sTodsde/Northern Horpa) speakers. *Gēlètuó Township, Seda County, Ganzi Prefecture: in Tshopo, Nyagluo, Rabde, and Tshekho Villages *southwestern corner of Ābà/rNga-ba County: in Kēhé and Róngān Townships (Asejie, Mengu, Sharga, Ganba, and Tsega Villages). Amdo Tibetan Amdo Tibetan (; also called ''Am kä'') is the Tibetic language spoken in Amdo (now m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gyalrong People
Gyalrong people (Tibetan: རྒྱལ་རོང, Chinese:嘉绒), also called Jiarong, rGyalrong, are speakers of the Qiangic Gyalrong language who live in the southern part of Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan, China. They are also found in Danba County of Garze Prefecture. The word Gyalrong is an exo-ethnonym and loanword from the Tibetan word ''rGyal-mo tsha-wa rong''.Prins, Marielle. 2011. A web of relations: A grammar of rGyalrong Ji omùzú, p. 18. The Gyalrong refer to themselves as Keru. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Gyalrong were ruled by local Tusi (土司). In 1746, Slob Dpon, the Tusi of Greater Jinchuan, was trying to unite tribes in Sichuan, forcing the Qing dynasty to launch campaigns to suppress them. After 1950, the People's Republic of China classified them as a sub-group of the Tibetan people. Famous Gyalrong * Sanggyai Yexe, communist official. *Sonom Gyalrong kingdoms * Kingdom of Chakla (Dartsedo) *Kingdom of Trokyap (C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guillaume Jacques
Guillaume Jacques (, b. 1979) is a French linguist who specializes in the study of Sino-Tibetan languages: Old Chinese, Tangut, Tibetan, Gyalrongic and Kiranti languages. He also performs research on the Algonquian and Siouan language families, and publishes about languages of other families such as Breton. His case studies in historical phonology are set in the framework of panchronic phonology, aiming to formulate generalizations about sound change that are independent of any particular language or language group. Jacques is one of the main contributors to the Pangloss Collection, an open archive of endangered-language data. Guillaume Jacques was awarded the CNRS Bronze Medal in 2015. Biography Guillaume Jacques studied linguistics at the University of Amsterdam and Paris Diderot University. He obtained his doctorate in 2004 with a dissertation on the phonology and morphology of the Japhug language (one of the Gyalrongic languages), which was based on fieldwork carri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land, the most of any country in the world, tied with Russia. Covering an area of approximately , it is the world's third largest country by total land area. The country consists of 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities, and two Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong and Macau). The national capital is Beijing, and the most populous city and financial center is Shanghai. Modern Chinese trace their origins to a cradle of civilization in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. The semi-legendary Xia dynasty in the 21st century BCE and the well-attested Shang and Zhou dynasties developed a bureaucratic political system to serve hereditary monarchies, or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ket Language
The Ket language, or more specifically ''Imbak'' and formerly known as Yenisei Ostyak , is a Siberian language long thought to be an isolate, the sole surviving language of a Yeniseian language family. It is spoken along the middle Yenisei basin by the Ket people. The language is threatened with extinction—the number of ethnic Kets that are native speakers of the language dropped from 1,225 in 1926 to 537 in 1989. According to the UNESCO census, this number has since fallen to 150. A 2005 census reported 485 native speakers, but this number is suspected to be inflated. According to a local news source, the number of remaining Ket speakers is around 10 to 20. Another Yeniseian language, Yugh, is believed to have recently become extinct. Documentation The earliest observations about the language were published by P. S. Pallas in 1788 in a travel diary (Путешествия по разным провинциям Русского Государства ''Puteshestviya po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
