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Rue Croix-des-Petits-Champs
The Rue Croix-des-Petits-Champs is a street in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, France. Name The street was built on a land that consisted of gardens named ''petits champs'' ("small fields"). A cross (''croix'' in French) was located next to a house in the street, near the Rue des Pélicans. History A part of this public road was opened during the reign of Philip Augustus. In 1685, as a part of the re-organisation of Place des Victoires, King Louis XIV requested the houses of the road to be aligned to open a perspective onto his bronze statue. The part of the street affected by this decision was named ''Rue d'Aubusson'' after François, Vicomte d'Aubusson, who at the time was building an ''hôtel particulier'' on Place des Victoires. Later, the name ''Rue Croix-des-Petits-Champs'' was used for the entire road. On Germinal 3, Year X (March 24, 1802), a ministerial decision signed by Jean-Antoine Chaptal set the minimum width of the street at 10 m. The minimum width was extended ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Street
A street is a public thoroughfare in a built environment. It is a public parcel of land adjoining buildings in an urban context, on which people may freely assemble, interact, and move about. A street can be as simple as a level patch of dirt, but is more often paved with a hard, durable surface such as tarmac, concrete, cobblestone or brick. Portions may also be smoothed with asphalt, embedded with rails, or otherwise prepared to accommodate non-pedestrian traffic. Originally, the word ''street'' simply meant a paved road ( la, via strata). The word ''street'' is still sometimes used informally as a synonym for ''road'', for example in connection with the ancient Watling Street, but city residents and urban planners draw a crucial modern distinction: a road's main function is transportation, while streets facilitate public interaction. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François D'Aubusson De La Feuillade
François d'Aubusson de La Feuillade, known as 6th duc de Roannais (1631–1691) was a French military officer and noble who served in the wars of Louis XIV and became a Marshal of France. He was also responsible for initiating the design and construction of the Place des Victoires, one of modern Paris' most famous landmarks. Personal details François d'Aubusson de La Feuillade was born on 21 April 1631 at Courpalay in the Île-de-France near Paris, fifth and last son of François II, Comte de La Feuillade (ca 1590 to 1632) and Isabeau Brachet de Pérusse. The d'Aubussons were a prominent and well connected family; Pierre d'Aubusson (1423–1503), was Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller and his elder brother Antoine an advisor to both Charles VII and Louis XI. François' father and eldest brother Leon (? to 1648) were senior aides to Gaston, Duke of Orléans, heir to the French throne until the birth of Louis XIV in 1638. He had another three brothers, Georges (1609 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Baptiste Jacques Augustin
Jean-Baptiste Jacques Augustin (August 15, 1759 – April 13, 1832) was a French miniature painter. Biography Augustin was born in Saint-Dié-des-Vosges and died in Paris. He might have had some lessons from Jean-Baptiste Claudot and maybe also from Jean Girardet in Nancy. After a few months in Dijon in 1781 he arrived in Paris the same year where he soon earned fame. During the French Revolution days he travelled to Brest (1789) and to Saint-Dié-des-Vosges (1791). In 1800 he married his pupil Pauline Ducruet, 22 years younger than him. He worked for Napoleon and his entourage and, in 1806, received a gold medal in recognition of his skills. In 1814 Louis XVIII appointed him ''peintre ordinaire du Cabinet du roi,'' later ''peintre des Affaires étrangères'', and in 1819 ''peintre en miniature de la Chambre et du Cabinet du roi.'' In 1821 he was awarded the ''Légion d’honneur''. In 1791 he exhibited at the ''Exposition de la Jeunesse'', and from then until 1831 he also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bank Of France
The Bank of France ( French: ''Banque de France''), headquartered in Paris, is the central bank of France. Founded in 1800, it began as a private institution for managing state debts and issuing notes. It is responsible for the accounts of the French government, managing the accounts and the facilitation of payments for the Treasury and some public companies. It also oversees the auctions of public securities on behalf of the Eugenian Central Bank. Today, it is an independent institution, and it has been a member of the Eurosystem of central banks since 1999. This consists of the European Central Bank (ECB), and the national central banks (NCBs) of all European Union (EU) members. Its three main missions, as defined by its statuses, are to drive the French monetary strategy, ensure financial stability and provide services to households, small and medium businesses and the French state. François Villeroy de Galhau has served as Governor of the Banque de France since 1 Novembe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Squinch
In architecture, a squinch is a triangular corner that supports the base of a dome. Its visual purpose is to translate a rectangle into an octagon. See also: pendentive. Construction A squinch is typically formed by a masonry arch that spans a square corner. History in the Middle East The dome chamber in the Palace of Ardashir, the Sassanid king, in Firuzabad, Iran is the earliest surviving example of the use of the squinch, suggesting that the squinch may have been invented in Persia. After the rise of Islam, it was used in the Middle East in both eastern Romanesque and Islamic architecture. It remained a feature of Islamic architecture, especially in Iran, and was often covered by corbelled stalactite-like structures known as muqarnas. History in Western Europe It spread to the Romanesque architecture of western Europe, one example being the Normans' 12th-century church of San Cataldo, Palermo in Sicily. This has three domes, each supported by four doubled squinches. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph-Ignace Guillotin
Joseph-Ignace Guillotin (; 28 May 1738 – 26 March 1814) was a French physician, politician, and freemason who proposed on 10 October 1789 the use of a device to carry out death penalties in France, as a less painful method of execution than existing methods. Although he did not invent the guillotine and opposed the death penalty, his name became an eponym for it. The actual inventor of the prototype was a man named Tobias Schmidt, working with the king's physician, Antoine Louis. Early life and education Guillotin was born on 28 May 1738 in Saintes, France, the second son of Joseph-Alexandre Guillotin and Catherine Agatha Martin. Legend has it that he was born prematurely because his mother was in distress after hearing the screams of a man being tortured to death on the breaking wheel. Guillotin's early education was by the Jesuits in Bordeaux and he earned a Master of Arts degree at the College of Aquitaine of the University of Bordeaux in December 1761. The essay that he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Antoine Chaptal
Jean-Antoine Chaptal, comte de Chanteloup (5 June 1756 – 30 July 1832) was a French chemist, physician, agronomist, industrialist, statesman, educator and philanthropist. His multifaceted career unfolded during one of the most brilliant periods in French science. In chemistry it was the time of Antoine Lavoisier, Claude-Louis Berthollet, Louis Guyton de Morveau, Antoine-François Fourcroy and Joseph Gay-Lussac. Chaptal made his way into this elite company in Paris beginning in the 1780s, and established his credentials as a serious scientist most definitely with the publication of his first major scientific treatise, the ''Ėléments de chimie'' (3 vols, Montpellier, 1790). His treatise brought the term "nitrogen" into the revolutionary new chemical nomenclature developed by Lavoisier. By 1795, at the newly established ''École Polytechnique'' in Paris, Chaptal shared the teaching of courses in pure and applied chemistry with Claude-Louis Berthollet, the doyen of the science. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germinal (French Republican Calendar)
Germinal () was the seventh month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the Latin word ''germen'', "germination". Germinal was the first month of the spring quarter (''mois de printemps''). It started March 21 or March 22, and ended April 19 or April 20. It follows Ventôse and precedes Floréal. In the context of the French Revolution, ''Germinal'' sometimes refers to the downfall and execution of the Indulgents, Georges Danton and Camille Desmoulins, which took place during Germinal of 1794, four months before the Thermidorian Reaction in which Robespierre himself was executed. The events of Germinal 1794 signaled the beginning of the end of the Reign of Terror. Day name table Like all FRC months, Germinal lasted 30 days and was divided into three 10-day weeks called ''décades'' (decades). Every day had the name of an agricultural plant, except the 5th (Quintidi) and 10th day (Decadi) of every decade, which had the name of a domestic animal ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hôtel Particulier
An ''hôtel particulier'' () is a grand townhouse, comparable to the Townhouse (Great Britain), British townhouse or mansion. Whereas an ordinary ''maison'' (house) was built as part of a row, sharing party walls with the houses on either side and directly fronting on a street, an ''hôtel particulier'' was often free-standing and, by the 18th century, would always be located ''entre cour et jardin'' – between the ''cour d'honneur'' (an entrance court) and the garden behind. There are ''hôtels particuliers'' in many large cities in France. Etymology and meaning The word ''hôtel'' represents the Old French "hostel" from the Latin ''hospitālis'' "pertaining to guests", from ''hospes'', a stranger, thus a guest.Cassell's Latin Dictionary The adjective ''particulier'' means "personal" or "private". The English word ''hotel'' developed a more specific meaning as a commercial building accommodating travellers; modern French also uses ''hôtel'' in this sense. For example, the H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis XIV
, house = Bourbon , father = Louis XIII , mother = Anne of Austria , birth_date = , birth_place = Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France , death_date = , death_place = Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France , burial_date = 9 September 1715 , burial_place = Basilica of Saint-Denis , religion = Catholicism (Gallican Rite) , signature = Louis XIV Signature.svg Louis XIV (Louis Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was King of France from 14 May 1643 until his death in 1715. His reign of 72 years and 110 days is the longest of any sovereign in history whose date is verifiable. Although Louis XIV's France was emblematic of the age of absolutism in Europe, the King surrounded himself with a variety of significant political, military, and cultural figures, such as Bossuet, Colbert, Le Brun, Le Nôtre, Lully, Mazarin, Molière, Racine, Turenne, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1st Arrondissement Of Paris
The 1st arrondissement of Paris (''Ier arrondissement'') is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is colloquially referred to as ''le premier'' (the first). It is governed locally together with the 2nd, 3rd and 4th arrondissement, with which it forms the 1st sector of Paris ( Paris-Centre). Also known as ''Louvre'', the arrondissement is situated principally on the right bank of the River Seine. It also includes the west end of the Île de la Cité. The locality is one of the oldest areas in Paris, the Île de la Cité having been the heart of the city of Lutetia, conquered by the Romans in 52 BC, while some parts on the right bank (including Les Halles) date back to the early Middle Ages. It is the least populated of the city's arrondissements and one of the smallest by area, with a land area of only 1.83 km2 (0.705 sq. miles, or 451 acres). A significant part of the area is occupied by the Louvre Museum and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Place Des Victoires
The Place des Victoires is a circular ''place'' in Paris, located a short distance northeast from the Palais Royal and straddling the border between the 1st and the 2nd arrondissements. The Place des Victoires is at the confluence of six streets: Rue de la Feuillade, Rue Vide Gousset, Rue d'Aboukir, Rue Étienne Marcel, Rue Croix-des-Petits-Champs, and Rue Catinat. History At the center of the Place des Victoires is an equestrian monument in honor of King Louis XIV, celebrating the Treaties of Nijmegen concluded in 1678-79. A marshal of France, François de la Feuillade, vicomte d'Aubusson, on his own speculative initiative, demolished the old private mansions on the site. Feuillade's project was soon taken over by the Bâtiments du Roi, a department attached to the king's household, and the royal architect, Jules Hardouin Mansart, was entrusted with redesigning a grander complex of buildings, still in the form of a ring of private houses, to accommodate a majestic statue of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
