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Relocatability (computing)
In software development, relocation is the process of assigning load addresses for position-dependent code and data of a program and adjusting the code and data to reflect the assigned addresses. A linker usually performs relocation in conjunction with ''symbol resolution'', the process of searching files and libraries to replace symbolic references or names of libraries with actual usable addresses in memory before running a program. Relocation is typically done by the linker at link time, but it can also be done at load time by a relocating loader, or at run time by the running program itself. Segmentation Object files are typically segmented into various memory segment or section types. Example segment types include code segment (.text), initialized data segment (.data), uninitialized data segment (.bss), or others as established by the programmer, such as common segments, or named static segments. Relocation table The relocation table is a list of addresses cre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Software Development
Software development is the process of designing and Implementation, implementing a software solution to Computer user satisfaction, satisfy a User (computing), user. The process is more encompassing than Computer programming, programming, writing source code, code, in that it includes conceiving the goal, evaluating feasibility, analyzing software requirements, requirements, software design, design, software testing, testing and software release life cycle, release. The process is part of software engineering which also includes management, organizational management, Software project management, project management, configuration management and other aspects. Software development involves many skills and job specializations including software programmer, programming, software test, testing, Technical writing, documentation, graphic design, user support, marketing, and fundraising. Software development involves many software tools, tools including: compiler, integrated develo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
X86 Memory Segmentation
x86 memory segmentation is a term for the kind of memory segmentation characteristic of the Intel x86 computer instruction set architecture. The x86 architecture has supported memory segmentation since the original Intel 8086 (1978), but ''x86 memory segmentation'' is a plainly descriptive retronym. The introduction of memory segmentation mechanisms in this architecture reflects the legacy of earlier 80xx processors, which initially could only address 16, or later 64 KB of memory (16,384 or 65,536 bytes), and whose instructions and registers were optimised for the latter. Dealing with larger addresses and more memory was thus comparably slower, as that capability was somewhat grafted-on in the Intel 8086. Memory segmentation could keep programs compatible, relocatable in memory, and by confining significant parts of a program's operation to 64 KB segments, the program could still run faster. In 1982, the Intel 80286 added support for virtual memory and memory pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linker (computing)
A linker or link editor is a computer program that combines intermediate software build files such as object file, object and library (computing), library files into a single executable file such as a program or library. A linker is often part of a toolchain that includes a compiler and/or assembler (computing), assembler that generates intermediate files that the linker processes. The linker may be integrated with other toolchain development tool, tools such that the user does not interact with the linker directly. A simpler version that writes its Input/output, output directly to Computer memory, memory is called the ''loader'', though loader (computing), loading is typically considered a separate process. Overview Computer programs typically are composed of several parts or modules; these parts/modules do not need to be contained within a single object file, and in such cases refer to each other using symbol (computing), symbols as addresses into other modules, which are ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zero Address Arithmetic
In computer science, computer engineering and programming language implementations, a stack machine is a computer processor or a process virtual machine in which the primary interaction is moving short-lived temporary values to and from a push down stack. In the case of a hardware processor, a hardware stack is used. The use of a stack significantly reduces the required number of processor registers. Stack machines extend push-down automata with additional load/store operations or multiple stacks and hence are Turing-complete. Design Most or all stack machine instructions assume that operands will be from the stack, and results placed in the stack. The stack easily holds more than two inputs or more than one result, so a rich set of operations can be computed. In stack machine code (sometimes called p-code), instructions will frequently have only an opcode commanding an operation, with no additional fields identifying a constant, register or memory cell, known as a zero addre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Relocation Example
{{disambig ...
Relocation may refer to: * Relocation (computing) * Relocation of professional sports teams ** Major League Baseball relocations of 1950s–1960s ** Relocation of professional sports teams in Australia and New Zealand ** Relocation of professional sports teams in China ** Relocation of professional sports teams in Europe ** Relocation of professional sports teams in the United States and Canada * Relocation (personal), the process of vacating a fixed residence for a different one * Population transfer * Rental relocation * Structure relocation * Car relocation See also * Relocated * Relocation service * Myka Relocate * Moving (other) * Relocation center → Internment Internment is the imprisonment of people, commonly in large groups, without Criminal charge, charges or Indictment, intent to file charges. The term is especially used for the confinement "of enemy citizens in wartime or of terrorism suspects ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MIX (abstract Machine)
MIX is a hypothetical computer used in Donald Knuth's monograph, ''The Art of Computer Programming'' (''TAOCP''). MIX's model number is 1009, which was derived by combining the model numbers and names of several contemporaneous, commercial machines deemed significant by the author. Also, "MIX" read as a Roman numeral is 1009. The 1960s-era MIX has since been superseded by a new (also hypothetical) computer architecture, MMIX, to be incorporated in forthcoming editions of ''TAOCP''. Software implementations for both the MIX and MMIX architectures have been developed by Knuth and made freely available (named "MIXware" and "MMIXware", respectively). Several derivatives of Knuth's MIX/MMIX emulators also exist. GNU MDK is one such software package; it is free and runs on a wide variety of platforms. Their purpose for education is quite similar to John L. Hennessy's and David A. Patterson's DLX architecture, from ''Computer Organization and Design - The Hardware Software Inter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donald Knuth
Donald Ervin Knuth ( ; born January 10, 1938) is an American computer scientist and mathematician. He is a professor emeritus at Stanford University. He is the 1974 recipient of the ACM Turing Award, informally considered the Nobel Prize of computer science. Knuth has been called the "father of the analysis of algorithms". Knuth is the author of the multi-volume work '' The Art of Computer Programming''. He contributed to the development of the rigorous analysis of the computational complexity of algorithms and systematized formal mathematical techniques for it. In the process, he also popularized the asymptotic notation. In addition to fundamental contributions in several branches of theoretical computer science, Knuth is the creator of the TeX computer typesetting system, the related METAFONT font definition language and rendering system, and the Computer Modern family of typefaces. As a writer and scholar, Knuth created the WEB and CWEB computer programming systems des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Executable And Linkable Format
In computing, the Executable and Linkable FormatTool Interface Standard (TIS) Portable Formats SpecificationVersion 1.1'' (October 1993) (ELF, formerly named Extensible Linking Format) is a common standard file format for executable files, object code, Shared library, shared libraries, and core dumps. First published in the specification for the application binary interface (ABI) of the Unix operating system version named System V Release 4 (SVR4), and later in the Tool Interface Standard,Tool Interface Standard (TIS) Executable and Linking Format (ELF) SpecificationVersion 1.2'' (May 1995) it was quickly accepted among different vendors of Unix systems. In 1999, it was chosen as the standard binary file format for Unix and Unix-like systems on x86 processors by the #86open, 86open project. By design, the ELF format is flexible, extensible, and cross-platform. For instance, it supports different endiannesses and address sizes so it does not exclude any particular central process ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Windows Vista
Windows Vista is a major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft. It was the direct successor to Windows XP, released five years earlier, which was then the longest time span between successive releases of Microsoft Windows. It was Software release life cycle#Release to manufacturing (RTM), released to manufacturing on November 8, 2006, and over the following two months, it was released in stages to business customers, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), and retail channels. On January 30, 2007, it was released internationally and was made available for purchase and download from the Windows Marketplace; it is the first release of Windows to be made available through a digital distribution platform. Development of Windows Vista began in 2001 under the codename "Longhorn"; originally envisioned as a minor successor to Windows XP, it feature creep, gradually included numerous new features from the then-next major release of Windows codenamed "Blackc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exploit (computer Security)
An exploit is a method or piece of code that takes advantage of Vulnerability (computer security), vulnerabilities in software, Application software, applications, Computer network, networks, operating systems, or Computer hardware, hardware, typically for malicious purposes. The term "exploit" derives from the English verb "to exploit," meaning "to use something to one’s own advantage." Exploits are designed to identify flaws, bypass security measures, gain unauthorized access to systems, take control of systems, install malware, or data breach, steal sensitive data. While an exploit by itself may not be a malware, it serves as a vehicle for delivering malicious software by breaching security controls. Researchers estimate that malicious exploits cost the global economy over US$450 billion annually. In response to this threat, organizations are increasingly utilizing cyber threat intelligence to identify vulnerabilities and prevent hacks before they occur. Description Expl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Address Space Layout Randomization
Address space layout randomization (ASLR) is a computer security technique involved in preventing exploitation of memory corruption vulnerabilities. In order to prevent an attacker from reliably redirecting code execution to, for example, a particular exploited function in memory, ASLR randomly arranges the address space positions of key data areas of a process, including the base of the executable and the positions of the stack, heap and libraries. When applied to the kernel, this technique is called ''kernel address space layout randomization'' (''KASLR''). History The Linux PaX project first coined the term "ASLR", and published the first design and implementation of ASLR in July 2001 as a patch for the Linux kernel. It is seen as a complete implementation, providing a patch for kernel stack randomization since October 2002. The first mainstream operating system to support ASLR by default was OpenBSD version 3.4 in 2003, followed by Linux in 2005. Benefits Addres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dynamic Link Library
A dynamic-link library (DLL) is a shared library in the Microsoft Windows or OS/2 operating system. A DLL can contain executable code (functions), data, and resources. A DLL file often has file extension .dll even though this is not required. The extension is sometimes used to describe the content of the file. For example, .ocx is a common extension for an ActiveX control and .drv for a legacy (16-bit) device driver. A DLL that contains only resources can be called a ''resource DLL''. Examples include an icon library, with common extension .icl, and a font library with common extensions .fon and .fot. The file format of a DLL is the same as for an executable (a.k.a. EXE). The main difference between a DLL file and an EXE file is that a DLL cannot be run directly since the operating system requires an entry point to start execution. Windows provides a utility program (RUNDLL.EXE/RUNDLL32.EXE) to execute a function exposed by a DLL. Since they have the same format, an EX ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
