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Rebbachisauridae
Rebbachisauridae is a family of sauropod dinosaurs known from fragmentary fossil remains from the Cretaceous of South America, Africa, North America, Europe and possibly Central Asia. Taxonomy In 1990 sauropod specialist Jack McIntosh included the first known rebbachisaurid genus, the giant North African sauropod ''Rebbachisaurus'', in the family Diplodocidae, subfamily Dicraeosaurinae, on the basis of skeletal details. With the discovery in subsequent years of a number of additional genera, it was realised that ''Rebbachisaurus'' and its relatives constituted a distinct group of dinosaurs. In 1997 the Argentine paleontologist José Bonaparte described the family Rebbachisauridae, and in 2011 Whitlock defined two new subfamilies within the group: Nigersaurinae and Limaysaurinae. The cladogram of the Rebbachisauridae according to Carballido ''et al.'' (2012) is shown below: Cladogram after Fanti ''et al.'', 2015. Evolutionary relationships and characteristics Although a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maraapunisaurus
''Maraapunisaurus'' is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of western North America. It is known only from what has sometimes been estimated to be the largest dinosaur specimen ever discovered, originally named ''Amphicoelias fragillimus''. Based on surviving descriptions of a single fossil bone, scientists have produced numerous size estimates over the years; the largest estimate ''M. fragillimus'' to have been the longest known animal at in length and with a mass of . However, because the only fossil remains were lost at some point after being studied and described in the 1870s, evidence survived only in contemporary drawings and field notes. More recent studies have made a number of suggestions regarding the possibility of such an animal. One analysis of the surviving evidence, and the biological plausibility of such a large land animal, has suggested that the enormous size of this animal were over-estimates due partly to typographical error ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nigersaurinae
Rebbachisaurinae is a subfamily within the family Rebbachisauridae, defined to include ''Rebbachisaurus garasbae'' and exclude '' Limaysaurus tessonei''. It was first proposed as a rank by Jose Bonaparte Jose is the English transliteration of the Hebrew and Aramaic name ''Yose'', which is etymologically linked to ''Yosef'' or Joseph. The name was popular during the Mishnaic and Talmudic periods. * Jose ben Abin * Jose ben Akabya *Jose the Galile ... in 1995, to include ''Rebbachisaurus''. Some phylogenies however, include ''Rebbachisaurus'' in a clade with ''Limaysaurus'', and thus the subfamily was not used. In 2015, a phylogenetic analysis was conducted, and it found ''Rebbachisaurus'' instead to be closer to '' Nigersaurus'' and related genera than ''Limaysaurus'', and thus was used to replace Nigersaurinae as Rebbachisaurinae is the older term and is named after the genus used for the formation of the family Rebbachisauridae. The 2015 cladogram of Fanti ''et al.'' is shown ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dzharatitanis
''Dzharatitanis'' (meaning "Dzharakuduk titan") is a genus of sauropod from the Bissekty Formation in Uzbekistan, dating to the Turonian age of the Late Cretaceous. The genus contains a single species, ''Dzharatitanis kingi,'' named after geologist Christopher King, who contributed to the Cretaceous geology of Asia. It is currently one of two known sauropods from the Bissekty Formation, alongside an indeterminate titanosaur. In its original publication it was considered to be a member of Rebbachisauridae, but later papers considered it to be a titanosaur. Discovery and naming The holotype was found in 1997 by Hans-Dieter Sues and David J. Ward during the URBAC (Uzbek/Russian/British/American/Canadian) expedition. It was classified as a titanosaur before being given a name on two occasions - firstly by Sues ''et al.'' (2015) and then by Averianov and Sues (2017). The genus ''Dzharatitanis'' was described in 2021 by Alexander Averianov and Hans-Dieter Sues. It was named after the D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rayososaurus
''Rayososaurus'' is a genus of plant-eating sauropod dinosaur of the superfamily Diplodocoidea. It was found in the Candeleros Formation, but was named ''Rayososaurus'' after the Rayoso Member, which later has been elevated to the older Rayoso Formation. The formations are located in the Neuquén Basin of northern Patagonia, Argentina. ''Rayososaurus'' lived during the Cenomanian epoch of the Late Cretaceous, about 99 to 96 million years ago.L. M. Ibiricu, G. A. Casal, M. C. Lamanna, R. D. Martínez, J. D. Harris and K. J. Lacovara. (2012). The southernmost records of Rebbachisauridae (Sauropoda: Diplodocoidea), from early Late Cretaceous deposits in central Patagonia. ''Cretaceous Research'' 34:220-232 The type species is ''R. agrioensis'', named by Argentinian paleontologist José Bonaparte in 1996.Bonaparte, J. (1996). "Cretaceous tetrapods of Argentina". ''Münchner Geowissenschaften Abhandlungen'' 30: 73-130. The species epithet ''agrioensis'' refers to the Agrio del Medio l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limaysaurus Tessonei
''Limaysaurus'' ("Limay lizard") is a genus represented by a single species of rebbachisaurid sauropod dinosaurs, which lived during the mid-Cretaceous period, about 99.6 to 97 million years ago, in the Cenomanian, in what is now South America (northwestern Patagonia). Description ''Limaysaurus'' was a medium-sized sauropod. Gregory S. Paul in 2010 estimated its length at fifteen meters (50 ft) and its weight at seven tonnes.Paul, G.S., 2010, ''The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs'', Princeton University Press, pp. 186 and 208. The neural spines on its back were very tall. The neural spines of the cervical and dorsal vertebrae are not V-shaped but they have a simple and straight form like an I. Its teeth were curved, unlike those of ''Diplodocus'' which were pencil-shaped. Another distinct characteristic of this sauropod is its phylogenetic relationship to ''Rebbachisaurus'' from Morocco. This discovery supports the theory that there was a land bridge connecting South America ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rebbachisaurus
''Rebbachisaurus'' (meaning " Aït Rebbach lizard") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur of the superfamily Diplodocoidea, that lived during the Late Cretaceous period in Africa and possibly also South America about 99-97 million years ago. Remains attributed to ''Rebbachisaurus'' have been found in Morocco, Niger, Algeria, Tunisia and possibly also Argentina (if ''Rayososaurus'' is the same animal as ''Rebbachisaurus''), although only the Moroccan remains can be referred to the genus without doubt. The discovery of ''Rayososaurus'', a South American sauropod nearly identical to ''Rebbachisaurus'' which may have actually have been the same animal as ''Rebbachisaurus'', supports the theory that there was still a land connection between Africa and South America during the Early Cretaceous, long after it was commonly thought the two continents had separated.Bonaparte, J. (1996). "Cretaceous tetrapods of Argentina". ''Münchner Geowissenschaften Abhandlungen'' 30: 73-130. History of discov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limaysaurinae
Khebbashia is a clade of herbivorous sauropod dinosaurs belonging to the Rebbachisauridae. P. D. Mannion, P. Upchurch, D. Schwarz and O. Wings. (2019). Taxonomic affinities of the putative titanosaurs from the Late Jurassic Tendaguru Formation of Tanzania: phylogenetic and biogeographic implications for eusauropod dinosaur evolution. ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'' 185(3):784-909 Members of Khebbashia were medium-sized sauropods from the early Cretaceous period of South America, Africa and Europe. The name "Khebbashia" is derived from "Khebbash" or "Khebbache", a Moroccan tribe that inhabited the region where the first rebbachisaurid specimen was found in North Africa. Khebbashia is defined as the least inclusive clade including ''Limaysaurus tessonei'', ''Nigersaurus taqueti'', and ''Rebbachisaurus garasbae''. It therefore includes the rebbachisaurid subfamilies Rebbachisaurinae Rebbachisaurinae is a subfamily within the family Rebbachisauridae, defined to inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dinosaur
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago (mya), although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is the subject of active research. They became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event 201.3 mya; their dominance continued throughout the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The fossil record shows that birds are feathered dinosaurs, having evolved from earlier theropods during the Late Jurassic epoch, and are the only dinosaur lineage known to have survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event approximately 66 mya. Dinosaurs can therefore be divided into avian dinosaurs—birds—and the extinct non-avian dinosaurs, which are all dinosaurs other than birds. Dinosaurs are varied from taxonomic, morphological and ecological standpoints. Birds, at over 10,700 living species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khebbashia
Khebbashia is a clade of herbivorous sauropod dinosaurs belonging to the Rebbachisauridae. P. D. Mannion, P. Upchurch, D. Schwarz and O. Wings. (2019). Taxonomic affinities of the putative titanosaurs from the Late Jurassic Tendaguru Formation of Tanzania: phylogenetic and biogeographic implications for eusauropod dinosaur evolution. ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'' 185(3):784-909 Members of Khebbashia were medium-sized sauropods from the early Cretaceous period of South America, Africa and Europe. The name "Khebbashia" is derived from "Khebbash" or "Khebbache", a Moroccan tribe that inhabited the region where the first rebbachisaurid specimen was found in North Africa. Khebbashia is defined as the least inclusive clade including ''Limaysaurus tessonei'', ''Nigersaurus taqueti'', and ''Rebbachisaurus garasbae''. It therefore includes the rebbachisaurid subfamilies Rebbachisaurinae Rebbachisaurinae is a subfamily within the family Rebbachisauridae, defined to inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xenoposeidon
''Xenoposeidon'' (meaning "strange or alien Poseidon", in allusion to '' Sauroposeidon'') is a genus of rebbachisaurid sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of England, living about 140 million years ago. It is known from a single partial vertebra with unusual features, unlike those of other sauropods. This bone was first discovered in the early 1890s but received little attention until it was found by University of Portsmouth student Mike Taylor, who formally described and named it in 2007 with Darren Naish. Description ''Xenoposeidon'' is based on BMNH R2095, a partial posterior back vertebra. The specimen lacks the anterior face of the centrum and the upper portion of the neural arch. The centrum is estimated at 200 millimetres (7.9 in) long, and the height of the preserved portion of the vertebra is 300 millimetres (11.8 in). The average diameter of the posterior face of the centrum is 165 millimetres (6.50 in), with a concave su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sauropod
Sauropoda (), whose members are known as sauropods (; from '' sauro-'' + '' -pod'', 'lizard-footed'), is a clade of saurischian ('lizard-hipped') dinosaurs. Sauropods had very long necks, long tails, small heads (relative to the rest of their body), and four thick, pillar-like legs. They are notable for the enormous sizes attained by some species, and the group includes the largest animals to have ever lived on land. Well-known genera include '' Brachiosaurus'', '' Diplodocus'', ''Apatosaurus'' and '' Brontosaurus''. The oldest known unequivocal sauropod dinosaurs are known from the Early Jurassic. '' Isanosaurus'' and '' Antetonitrus'' were originally described as Triassic sauropods, but their age, and in the case of ''Antetonitrus'' also its sauropod status, were subsequently questioned. Sauropod-like sauropodomorph tracks from the Fleming Fjord Formation (Greenland) might, however, indicate the occurrence of the group in the Late Triassic. By the Late Jurassic (150 mil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comahuesaurus
''Comahuesaurus'' (meaning "Comahue lizard") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur of the family Rebbachisauridae. It was found in the Lohan Cura Formation, in Argentina and lived during the Early Cretaceous, Aptian to Albian. The type species is ''C. windhauseni'', named by Carballido and colleagues in 2012. It had originally been assigned to ''Limaysaurus'' by Salgado ''et al.'' (2004), but was later assigned its own genus based on the presence of diagnostic characters in the caudal centra, pubis and ischium. ''Comahuesaurus'' is known from abundant material compared to other rebbachisaurids; 37 caudal vertebrae, three fragmentary dorsal vertebrae and multiple appendicular elements, including a right humerus, pubis, ischium and a 113 cm long left femur. In their phylogenetic analysis, Carballido ''et al.'' (2012) placed ''Comahuesaurus'' in an intermediate position between basal rebbachisaurids such as ''Histriasaurus'' and the derived clade formed by subfamilies Rebbachisaurina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
