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Pyrosilicate
A pyrosilicate is a type of chemical compound; either an ionic compound that contains the pyrosilicate anion , or an organic compound with the hexavalent ≡-O-≡ group. The anion is also called disilicateViktor Renman (2017): "Structural and Electrochemical Relations in Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries", Doctoral Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Chemistry. ORCID: 0000-0001-8739-4054 Structure The pyrosilicate anion can be described as two tetrahedra that share a vertex (an oxygen atom). The vertices that are not shared carry a negative charge each. The structure of solid sodium pyrosilicate was described by Volker Kahlenberg and others in 2010.Volker Kahlenberg, Thomas Langreiter, and Erik Arroyabe (2010): " – The Missing Structural Link among Alkali Pyrosilicates". ''Zeitschrift für anorganishe und allgemeine Chemie'' (''Journal for Inorganic and General Chemistry''), volume 636, issue 11, pages 1974-1979. Yuri Smolin and Yuri Shepelev determi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sodium Pyrosilicate
Sodium pyrosilicate is the chemical compound . It is one of the sodium silicates, specifically a pyrosilicate, formally a salt of the unstable pyrosilicic acid .Myron C Waddell (1932): "Process of purifying technical sodium pyrosilicate hydrates". US patent US1931364A.J. F. Schairer and N. L. Bowen (1956): "The system ——". ''American Journal of Science'', volume 254, issue 3, pages 129-195 Structure The anhydrous solid has the triclinic crystal structure, with space group P (a = 5.8007(8) Å, b = 11.5811(15) Å, c = 23.157(3) Å, α = 89.709(10)°, β = 88.915(11)°, γ = 89.004(11)°, V = 1555.1(4) Å3, Z = 8, Dx = 2.615 g·cm−3, μ(Mo‐Kα) = 7.94 cm−1). The anions are arranged in layers parallel to the (100) plane, with the sodium cations distributed in 24 distinct crystallographic positions, coordinated by 4 to 6 near oxygen atoms. Some of the 4-coordinated sodium atoms can be interpreted as parallel columns of edge-sharing tetrahedra. The columnar arrangem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrosilicic Acid
Pyrosilicic acid is the chemical compound with formula or . It is one of the silicic acids and has pyrosilicate as its conjugate base. It was synthesized, using nonaqueous solutions, in 2017. :H6Si2O7(aq) -> 2 SiO2(s) + 3 H2O Pyrosilicic acid may be present in sea water and other natural waters at very low concentration.Katsumi Goto (1956): "Effect of pH on Polymerization of Silicic Acid". ''Journal of Physical Chemistry'', volume 60, issue 7, pages 1007–1008. M. F. Bechtold (1955): "Polymerization and Properties of Dilute Aqueous Silicic Acid from Cation Exchange". ''Journal of Physical Chemistry'', volume 59, issue 6, pages 532–541. Compounds formally derived from it, such as sodium pyrosilicate, are found in the sorosilicate Silicate minerals are rock-forming minerals made up of silicate groups. They are the largest and most important class of minerals and make up approximately 90 percent of Earth's crust. In mineralogy, silica (silicon dioxide, ) is usually con . ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrosilicic Acid
Pyrosilicic acid is the chemical compound with formula or . It is one of the silicic acids and has pyrosilicate as its conjugate base. It was synthesized, using nonaqueous solutions, in 2017. :H6Si2O7(aq) -> 2 SiO2(s) + 3 H2O Pyrosilicic acid may be present in sea water and other natural waters at very low concentration.Katsumi Goto (1956): "Effect of pH on Polymerization of Silicic Acid". ''Journal of Physical Chemistry'', volume 60, issue 7, pages 1007–1008. M. F. Bechtold (1955): "Polymerization and Properties of Dilute Aqueous Silicic Acid from Cation Exchange". ''Journal of Physical Chemistry'', volume 59, issue 6, pages 532–541. Compounds formally derived from it, such as sodium pyrosilicate, are found in the sorosilicate Silicate minerals are rock-forming minerals made up of silicate groups. They are the largest and most important class of minerals and make up approximately 90 percent of Earth's crust. In mineralogy, silica (silicon dioxide, ) is usually con . ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sodium Silicate
Sodium silicate is a generic name for chemical compounds with the formula or ·, such as sodium metasilicate , sodium orthosilicate , and sodium pyrosilicate . The anions are often polymeric. These compounds are generally colorless transparent solids or white powders, and soluble in water in various amounts. Sodium silicate is also the technical and common name for a mixture of such compounds, chiefly the metasilicate, also called waterglass, water glass, or liquid glass. The product has a wide variety of uses, including the formulation of cements, passive fire protection, textile and lumber processing, manufacture of refractory ceramics, as adhesives, and in the production of silica gel. The commercial product, available in water solution or in solid form, is often greenish or blue owing to the presence of iron-containing impurities. In industry, the various grades of sodium silicate are characterized by their SiO2:Na2O weight ratio (which can be converted to molar ratio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silicate Minerals
Silicate minerals are rock-forming minerals made up of silicate groups. They are the largest and most important class of minerals and make up approximately 90 percent of Earth's crust. In mineralogy, silica (silicon dioxide, ) is usually considered a silicate mineral. Silica is found in nature as the mineral quartz, and its polymorphs. On Earth, a wide variety of silicate minerals occur in an even wider range of combinations as a result of the processes that have been forming and re-working the crust for billions of years. These processes include partial melting, crystallization, fractionation, metamorphism, weathering, and diagenesis. Living organisms also contribute to this geologic cycle. For example, a type of plankton known as diatoms construct their exoskeletons ("frustules") from silica extracted from seawater. The frustules of dead diatoms are a major constituent of deep ocean sediment, and of diatomaceous earth. General structure A silicate mineral is general ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sorosilicate
Silicate minerals are rock-forming minerals made up of silicate groups. They are the largest and most important class of minerals and make up approximately 90 percent of Earth's crust. In mineralogy, silica (silicon dioxide, ) is usually considered a silicate mineral. Silica is found in nature as the mineral quartz, and its polymorphs. On Earth, a wide variety of silicate minerals occur in an even wider range of combinations as a result of the processes that have been forming and re-working the crust for billions of years. These processes include partial melting, crystallization, fractionation, metamorphism, weathering, and diagenesis. Living organisms also contribute to this geologic cycle. For example, a type of plankton known as diatoms construct their exoskeletons ("frustules") from silica extracted from seawater. The frustules of dead diatoms are a major constituent of deep ocean sediment, and of diatomaceous earth. General structure A silicate mineral is general ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europium
Europium is a chemical element with the symbol Eu and atomic number 63. Europium is the most reactive lanthanide by far, having to be stored under an inert fluid to protect it from atmospheric oxygen or moisture. Europium is also the softest lanthanide, as it can be dented with a fingernail and easily cut with a knife. When oxidation is removed a shiny-white metal is visible. Europium was isolated in 1901 and is named after the continent of Europe. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, europium usually assumes the oxidation state +3, but the oxidation state +2 is also common. All europium compounds with oxidation state +2 are slightly reducing. Europium has no significant biological role and is relatively non-toxic as compared to other heavy metals. Most applications of europium exploit the phosphorescence of europium compounds. Europium is one of the rarest of the rare-earth elements on Earth.Stwertka, Albert. ''A Guide to the Elements'', Oxford University Press, 1996, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gadolinium
Gadolinium is a chemical element with the symbol Gd and atomic number 64. Gadolinium is a silvery-white metal when oxidation is removed. It is only slightly malleable and is a ductile rare-earth element. Gadolinium reacts with atmospheric oxygen or moisture slowly to form a black coating. Gadolinium below its Curie point of is ferromagnetic, with an attraction to a magnetic field higher than that of nickel. Above this temperature it is the most paramagnetic element. It is found in nature only in an oxidized form. When separated, it usually has impurities of the other rare-earths because of their similar chemical properties. Gadolinium was discovered in 1880 by Jean Charles de Marignac, who detected its oxide by using spectroscopy. It is named after the mineral gadolinite, one of the minerals in which gadolinium is found, itself named for the Finnish chemist Johan Gadolin. Pure gadolinium was first isolated by the chemist Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran around 1886. Gadoliniu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dysprosium
Dysprosium is the chemical element with the symbol Dy and atomic number 66. It is a rare-earth element in the lanthanide series with a metallic silver luster. Dysprosium is never found in nature as a free element, though, like other lanthanides, it is found in various minerals, such as xenotime. Naturally occurring dysprosium is composed of seven isotopes, the most abundant of which is 164Dy. Dysprosium was first identified in 1886 by Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, but it was not isolated in pure form until the development of ion-exchange techniques in the 1950s. Dysprosium has relatively few applications where it cannot be replaced by other chemical elements. It is used for its high thermal neutron absorption cross-section in making control rods in nuclear reactors, for its high magnetic susceptibility () in data-storage applications, and as a component of Terfenol-D (a magnetostrictive material). Soluble dysprosium salts are mildly toxic, while the insoluble salts are consid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuri Smolin
Yuri may refer to: People and fictional characters Given name *Yuri (Slavic name), the Slavic masculine form of the given name George, including a list of people with the given name Yuri, Yury, etc. *Yuri (Japanese name), also Yūri, feminine Japanese given names, including a list of people and fictional characters *Yu-ri (Korean name), Korean unisex given name, including a list of people and fictional characters Singers *Yuri (Japanese singer), vocalist of the band Move *Yuri (Korean singer), member of Girl Friends *Yuri (Mexican singer) *Kwon Yu-ri, member of Girls' Generation Footballers *Yuri (footballer, born 1982), full name Yuri de Souza Fonseca, Brazilian football forward *Yuri (footballer, born 1984), full name Yuri Adriano Santos, Brazilian footballer *Yuri (footballer, born 1986), full name Yuri Vera Cruz Erbas, Brazilian footballer *Yuri (footballer, born 1989), full name Yuri Naves Roberto, Brazilian football defensive midfielder *Yuri (footballer, born 1990), full n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holmium
Holmium is a chemical element with the symbol Ho and atomic number 67. It is a rare-earth element and the eleventh member of the lanthanide series. It is a relatively soft, silvery, fairly corrosion-resistant and malleable metal. Like a lot of other lanthanides, holmium is too reactive to be found in native form, as pure holmium slowly forms a yellowish oxide coating when exposed to air. When isolated, holmium is relatively stable in dry air at room temperature. However, it reacts with water and corrodes readily, and also burns in air when heated. In nature, holmium occurs together with the other rare-earth metals (like thulium). It is a relatively rare lanthanide, making up 1.4 parts per million of the Earth's crust, an abundance similar to tungsten. Holmium was discovered through isolation by Swedish chemist Per Theodor Cleve and independently by Jacques-Louis Soret and Marc Delafontaine, who observed it spectroscopically in 1878. Its oxide was first isolated from rare-earth ores ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yttrium
Yttrium is a chemical element with the symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and has often been classified as a "rare-earth element". Yttrium is almost always found in combination with lanthanide elements in rare-earth minerals, and is never found in nature as a free element. 89Y is the only stable isotope, and the only isotope found in the Earth's crust. The most important uses of yttrium are LEDs and phosphors, particularly the red phosphors in television set cathode ray tube displays. Yttrium is also used in the production of electrodes, electrolytes, electronic filters, lasers, superconductors, various medical applications, and tracing various materials to enhance their properties. Yttrium has no known biological role. Exposure to yttrium compounds can cause lung disease in humans. The element is named after '' ytterbite'', a mineral first identified in 1787 by the chemist Carl Axel Arrhenius. He n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
