|
Pseudotropine
Pseudotropine (3β-tropanol, ψ-tropine, 3-pseudotropanol, or PTO) is a derivative of tropane and an isomer of tropine. Pseudotropine can be found in the ''Coca'' plant along with several other alkaloids See also * Pseudotropine acyltransferase * Pseudotropine benzoate (tropacocaine) * Atropine * Tropine * Tropinone Tropinone is an alkaloid, famously synthesised in 1917 by Robert Robinson as a synthetic precursor to atropine, a scarce commodity during World War I. Tropinone and the alkaloids cocaine and atropine all share the same tropane core structure. It ... References Tropanes Secondary alcohols {{biochemistry-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudotropine Acyltransferase
Pseudotropine acyltransferase (, ''pseudotropine:acyl-CoA transferase'', ''tigloyl-CoA:pseudotropine acyltransferase'', ''acetyl-CoA:pseudotropine acyltransferase'', ''pseudotropine acetyltransferase'', ''pseudotropine tigloyltransferase'', ''PAT'') is an enzyme with systematic name ''acyl-CoA:pseudotropine O-acyltransferase''. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction : acyl-CoA + pseudotropine Pseudotropine (3β-tropanol, ψ-tropine, 3-pseudotropanol, or PTO) is a derivative of tropane and an isomer of tropine. Pseudotropine can be found in the ''Coca'' plant along with several other alkaloids See also * Pseudotropine acyltransfe ... \rightleftharpoons CoA + O-acylpseudotropine This enzyme exhibits absolute specificity for the exo/3beta configuration found in pseudotropine as tropine (tropan-3alpha-ol). References External links * {{Portal bar, Biology, border=no EC 2.3.1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tropine
Tropine is a derivative of tropane containing a hydroxyl group at the third carbon. It is also called 3-tropanol. Tropine is a central building block of many chemicals active in the nervous system, including tropane alkaloids. Some of these compounds, such as long-acting muscarinic antagonists are used as medicines because of these effects. Chemistry Synthesis It can be prepared by hydrolysis of atropine. See also * Pseudotropine * Atropine * Tropinone * Tropane alkaloid Tropane alkaloids are a class of bicyclic .2.1alkaloids and secondary metabolites that contain a tropane ring in their chemical structure. Tropane alkaloids occur naturally in many members of the plant family Solanaceae. Certain tropane alkal ... References Tropanes Secondary alcohols {{heterocyclic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tropine
Tropine is a derivative of tropane containing a hydroxyl group at the third carbon. It is also called 3-tropanol. Tropine is a central building block of many chemicals active in the nervous system, including tropane alkaloids. Some of these compounds, such as long-acting muscarinic antagonists are used as medicines because of these effects. Chemistry Synthesis It can be prepared by hydrolysis of atropine. See also * Pseudotropine * Atropine * Tropinone * Tropane alkaloid Tropane alkaloids are a class of bicyclic .2.1alkaloids and secondary metabolites that contain a tropane ring in their chemical structure. Tropane alkaloids occur naturally in many members of the plant family Solanaceae. Certain tropane alkal ... References Tropanes Secondary alcohols {{heterocyclic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tropacocaine
Tropacocaine (tropacaine, benzoylpseudotropine, pseudotropine benzoate, descarbomethoxycocaine) is a cocaine-related alkaloid and a contaminant of street cocaine. Chemistry Synthesis It can be synthesized from tropine using the Mitsunobu reaction. See also *Hydroxytropacocaine *Benzoylecgonine * ''p''-Fluorotropacocaine *Indatraline *Tropane alkaloid Tropane alkaloids are a class of bicyclic .2.1alkaloids and secondary metabolites that contain a tropane ring in their chemical structure. Tropane alkaloids occur naturally in many members of the plant family Solanaceae. Certain tropane alkal ... References Tropane alkaloids found in Erythroxylum coca Benzoate esters {{heterocyclic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tropane
Tropane is a nitrogenous Bicyclic molecule, bicyclic organic compound. It is mainly known for the other alkaloids derived from it, which include atropine and cocaine, among others. Tropane alkaloids occur in plants of the families Erythroxylaceae (including coca) and Solanaceae (including Mandragora officinarum, mandrake, henbane, deadly nightshade, datura, potato, tomato). Structurally, tropane is cycloheptane with a nitrogen bridge between carbons 1 and 5 and an additional methyl group attached to the nitrogen. While carbons 1 and 5 are asymmetric carbons, tropane itself is optically inactive due to mirror symmetry. 8-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (tropane without the ''N''-methyl group) is known as nortropane or nor-tropane. See also * Phenyltropane * Tropane alkaloid * Tropine References {{Reflist Tropanes, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coca
Coca is any of the four cultivated plants in the family Erythroxylaceae, native to western South America. Coca is known worldwide for its psychoactive alkaloid, cocaine. The plant is grown as a cash crop in the Argentine Northwest, Bolivia, Alto Rio Negro Territory in Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru, even in areas where its cultivation is unlawful. There are some reports that the plant is being cultivated in the south of Mexico, by using seeds imported from South America, as an alternative to smuggling its recreational product cocaine. It also plays a role in many traditional Amazonian and Andean cultures as well as the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northern Colombia. The cocaine alkaloid content of dry ''Erythroxylum coca'' var. ''coca'' leaves was measured ranging from 0.23% to 0.96%. Coca-Cola used coca leaf extract in its products from 1885 until about 1903, when it began using decocainized leaf extract. Extraction of cocaine from coca requires several sol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atropine
Atropine is a tropane alkaloid and anticholinergic medication used to treat certain types of nerve agent and pesticide poisonings as well as some types of slow heart rate, and to decrease saliva production during surgery. It is typically given intravenously or by injection into a muscle. Eye drops are also available which are used to treat uveitis and early amblyopia. The intravenous solution usually begins working within a minute and lasts half an hour to an hour. Large doses may be required to treat some poisonings. Common side effects include a dry mouth, large pupils, urinary retention, constipation, and a fast heart rate. It should generally not be used in people with angle closure glaucoma. While there is no evidence that its use during pregnancy causes birth defects, that has not been well studied. It is likely safe during breastfeeding. It is an antimuscarinic (a type of anticholinergic) that works by inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system. Atropine occurs n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tropinone
Tropinone is an alkaloid, famously synthesised in 1917 by Robert Robinson as a synthetic precursor to atropine, a scarce commodity during World War I. Tropinone and the alkaloids cocaine and atropine all share the same tropane core structure. Its corresponding conjugate acid at pH 7.3 major species is known as tropiniumone. Synthesis The first synthesis of tropinone was by Richard Willstätter in 1901. It started from the seemingly related cycloheptanone, but required many steps to introduce the nitrogen bridge; the overall yield for the synthesis path is only 0.75%. Willstätter had previously synthesized cocaine from tropinone, in what was the first synthesis and elucidation of the structure of cocaine. Robinson's "double Mannich" reaction The 1917 synthesis by Robinson is considered a classic in total synthesis due to its simplicity and biomimetic approach. Tropinone is a bicyclic molecule, but the reactants used in its preparation are fairly simple: succinaldehyde, met ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tropanes
Tropane alkaloids are a class of bicyclic .2.1alkaloids and secondary metabolites that contain a tropane ring in their chemical structure. Tropane alkaloids occur naturally in many members of the plant family Solanaceae. Certain tropane alkaloids such as cocaine and scopolamine are notorious for their psychoactive effects, related usage and cultural associations. Particular tropane alkaloids such as these have pharmacological properties and can act as anticholinergics or stimulants. Classification Anticholinergics Anticholinergic drugs and deliriants: * Atropine, racemic hyoscyamine, from the deadly nightshade (''Atropa belladonna'') * Hyoscyamine, the ''levo''-isomer of atropine, from henbane (''Hyoscyamus niger''), mandrake (''Mandragora officinarum'') and the sorcerers' tree (''Latua pubiflora''). * Scopolamine, from henbane and ''Datura'' species (Jimson weed) All three acetylcholine-inhibiting chemicals can also be found in the leaves, stems, and flowers in varying, un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
