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Pollutant Release And Transfer Register
A pollutant release and transfer register (PRTR) is a system for collecting and disseminating information about environmental releases and transfers of hazardous substances from industrial and other facilities. PRTRs were established in several countries after the 1984 Bhopal Disaster and the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, which affirmed communities' and workers' right to know about toxic chemicals and other substances of concern. Community right to know In many countries industrial facilities need a permit to operate processes that are causing environmental pressures. Authorities have to balance the interests of different actors when issuing such permits and will reflect this balance in the conditions and requirements put down in the permit. Companies and civilians living near to the facilities generally have quite different levels of understanding and information on the processes and the environmental impact. In a democratic con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhopal Disaster
The Bhopal disaster, also referred to as the Bhopal gas tragedy, was a chemical accident on the night of 2–3 December 1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. Considered the world's worst industrial disaster, over 500,000 people in the small towns around the plant were exposed to the highly toxic gas methyl isocyanate (). Estimates vary on the death toll, with the official number of immediate deaths being 2,259. In 2008, the Government of Madhya Pradesh paid compensation to the family members of 3,787 victims killed in the gas release, and to 574,366 injured victims. A government affidavit in 2006 stated that the leak caused 558,125 injuries, including 38,478 temporary partial injuries and approximately 3,900 severely and permanently disabling injuries. Others estimate that 8,000 died within two weeks, and another 8,000 or more have since died from gas-related diseases. The owner of the factory, UCIL, was majority owned ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Conference On Environment And Development
The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Rio Conference or the Earth Summit (Portuguese: ECO92), was a major United Nations conference held in Rio de Janeiro from June 3 to June 14, 1992. Earth Summit was created as a response for member states to cooperate together internationally on development issues after the Cold War. Due to issues relating to sustainability being too big for individual member states to handle, Earth Summit was held as a platform for other member states to collaborate. Since the creation, many others in the field of sustainability show a similar development to the issues discussed in these conferences, including non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Issues addressed The issues addressed includes: * systematic scrutiny of patterns of production—particularly the production of toxic components, such as lead in gasoline, or poisonous waste including radioactive chemicals * alternative sources of energy to re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Right To Know
Right to know is a human right enshrined in law in several countries. UNESCO defines it as the right for people to "participate in an informed way in decisions that affect them, while also holding governments and others accountable". It pursues universal access to information as essential foundation of inclusive knowledge societies. It is often defined in the context of the right for people to know about their potential exposure to environmental conditions or substances that may cause illness or injury, but it can also refer more generally to freedom of information or informed consent. Australia Right to know regarding environmental hazard information is protected by Australian law, which is described at Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. Right to know regarding workplace hazard information is protected by Australian law, which is described at Safe Work Australia and at the Hazardous Substances Information System. Canada Right to k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aarhus Convention
The UNECE Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, usually known as the Aarhus Convention, was signed on 25 June 1998 in the Danish city of Aarhus. It entered into force on 30 October 2001. As of March 2014, it had 47 parties—46 states and the European Union. All of the ratifying states are in Europe and Central Asia. The EU has begun applying Aarhus-type principles in its legislation, notably the Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC). Liechtenstein and Monaco have signed the convention but have not ratified it. The Aarhus Convention grants the public rights regarding access to information, public participation and access to justice, in governmental decision-making processes on matters concerning the local, national and transboundary environment. It focuses on interactions between the public and public authorities. Content The Aarhus Convention is a multilateral environmental agreem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Economic Commission For Europe
The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE or UNECE) is one of the five regional commissions under the jurisdiction of the United Nations Economic and Social Council. It was established in order to promote economic cooperation and integration among its member states. The commission is composed of 56 member states, most of which are based in Europe, as well as a few outside of Europe. Its transcontinental Eurasian or non-European member states include: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Canada, Cyprus, Georgia, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, the United States of America and Uzbekistan. History The commission was established by the Economic and Social Council on 28 March 1947 in order to "Initiate and participate in measures for facilitating concerted action for the economic reconstruction of Europe," as well as to "maintain and strengthen the economic relations of the European countries, both among themselves and with o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emission Inventory
An emission inventory (or emissions inventory) is an accounting of the amount of pollutants discharged into the atmosphere. An emission inventory usually contains the total emissions for one or more specific greenhouse gases or air pollutants, originating from all source categories in a certain geographical area and within a specified time span, usually a specific year. An emission inventory is generally characterized by the following aspects: *Why: The types of activities that cause emissions *What: The chemical or physical identity of the pollutants included, and the quantity thereof *Where: The geographic area covered *When: The time period over which emissions are estimated *How: The methodology to use Emission inventories are compiled for both scientific applications and for use in policy processes. Use Emissions and releases to the environment are the starting point of every environmental pollution problem. Information on emissions therefore is an absolute requirement i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Pollutant Inventory
The National Pollutant Inventory (NPI) is a database of Australian pollution emissions managed by the Australian Commonwealth, State and Territory Governments. A condensed version of the information collected is available to the public via the NPI websitwww.npi.gov.au Emissions The NPI records and makes publicly available the emissions from industrial facilities and diffuse sources of 93 different chemical substances to air, land and water. Objectives The objectives of the NPI are to: * Assist industry and government with environmental planning and management; * Provide the community with up to date information about pollutant emissions from industrial facilities; and * Promote waste minimisation, cleaner production, eco-efficiency and energy and resource efficiency. Sources of data Australian industrial facilities that use certain amounts of the 93 NPI substances must estimate and report their emissions directly to their state or territory environment agency annually. The state a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Pollutant Release Inventory
The National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), established in 1992, and launched in 1993, is the national pollutant release and transfer register of Canada. This list of pollutants contains releases from a facility to the air, water, and land along with disposals at, or from a facility. Reported information is used in the creation of pollution management plans and to inform Canadians about their environment. Facilities which meet reporting requirements are required to report to the NPRI under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA 1999). Over 300 substances are listed on the NPRI, and over 8,000 facilities annually report information on their pollutant releases and transfers to Environment and Climate Change Canada. NPRI data is available through an on-line Query search, downloadable Microsoft Access (mdb) format datasets, and downloadable map layers for use with Google Earth (which were the first Google Earth map layers to be published by the Government of Canad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Pollutant Release And Transfer Register
The European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) is a Pollutant Release and Transfer Register providing access to information on the annual pollution, emissions of industrial facilities in the Member States of the European Union (EU), as well as Norway. EPER collects data about the emissions of 12,000 facilities in the 25 EU Member States. Data are available by country, by pollutant, by activity (sector), air and water (direct or via a sewerage system). References External links European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR){{Webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091112154101/http://prtr.ec.europa.eu/ , date=2009-11-12 European Pollutant Emission RegisterEPER in Google EarthCentre for PRTR Data (OECD)Resource Centre for PRTR Release Estimation Techniques (OECD)PRTR Virtual Classroom (UNITAR) Pollutant release inventories and registers European Union and the environment Government databases of the European Union ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Registro De Emisiones Y Transferencia De Contaminantes
The Registro de Emisiones y Transferencia de Contaminantes (RETC) is Mexico's Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR), similar to Canada's National Pollutant Release Inventory and the US Toxics Release Inventory. External links Mexico Registro de Emisiones y Transferencia de Contaminantes Pollutant release inventories and registers Environment of Mexico {{environment-org-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toxics Release Inventory
The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) is a publicly available database containing information on toxic chemical releases and other waste management activities in the United States. Summary of requirements The database is available from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and contains information reported annually by some industry groups as well as federal facilities. Each year, companies across a wide range of industries (including chemical manufacturing, metal mining, coal- or oil-burning electric utilities, and other industries) that manufacture, process, or otherwise use more than a certain amount of a listed chemical must report it to the TRI. For most listed chemicals, facilities must report if they manufacture 25,000 pounds or process or otherwise use 10,000 pounds of the chemical, but some chemicals have lower reporting thresholds. Origins The inventory was first proposed in a 1985 ''New York Times'' op-ed piece written by David Sarokin and Warren Muir, r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pollutant Release Inventories And Registers
A pollutant or novel entity is a substance or energy introduced into the environment that has undesired effects, or adversely affects the usefulness of a resource. These can be both naturally forming (i.e. minerals or extracted compounds like oil) or anthropogenic in origin (i.e. manufactured materials or byproducts from biodegradation). Pollutants result in environmental pollution Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or energy (such as radioactivity, heat, sound, or light). Pollutants, the ... or become public health concerns when they reach a Pollutant concentration, concentration high enough to have significant negative impacts. A pollutant may cause long- or short-term damage by changing the growth rate of plant or animal species, or by interfering with human amenities, comfort, health, or property values. Some pollutants are biodegradab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
