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Papal Election, December 1187
The December 1187 papal election (held on 19 December) was convoked after the death of Pope Gregory VIII. It resulted in the election of Cardinal Paolo Scolari, who took the name of Clement III. Verona and Ferrara Alberto di Morra, as papal chancellor, had followed Pope Lucius III in his flight from the Roman campagna, to seek aid from the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in Verona. Negotiations between the two quickly broke down, and the pope and his court found themselves trapped in Verona by a hostile emperor. Frederick besieged the pope in Verona, forbidding appeals to the pope from anyone in his domains, and obstructing appeals from elsewhere. Anyone apprehended in an attempt to reach the papal curia or returning from it was imprisoned and subjected to torture. Lucius died during the siege on 25 November 1185. His successor was Humbertus Crivelli, the Archbishop of Milan and Cardinal of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, " a violent and unyielding spirit, and a strong opponent of Frederick ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pisa
Pisa ( , or ) is a city and ''comune'' in Tuscany, central Italy, straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa. Although Pisa is known worldwide for its leaning tower, the city contains more than twenty other historic churches, several medieval palaces, and bridges across the Arno. Much of the city's architecture was financed from its history as one of the Italian maritime republics. The city is also home to the University of Pisa, which has a history going back to the 12th century, the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, founded by Napoleon in 1810, and its offshoot, the Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies.Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna di Pisa Information statistics History ...
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Laborans de Pontormo
Laborans de Pontormo (died 1189) was an Italian cardinal. His name in Italian is Laborante. He was a native of Pontormo, a suburb of the city of Florence on the left bank of the Arno River. He was a distinguished jurist and influential writer on canon law. Life Laborans was born at Pontormo, c. 1120–1125. He studied in Paris, where he achieved the rank of Master, and then travelled in France, Germany, and the Kingdom of Sicily. By the 1150s he was a canon of the cathedral chapter of Capua. Before 1160 he visited Sicily, and the court of King William I at Palermo. His ''Tractatus de justitia'', which he dedicated to the Norman grand admiral Maio of Bari, belongs to the years 1154–1160. A second treatise, ''De Vera libertate'', dedicated to Archbishop Hugh of Palermo, was written sometime between 1140 and 1160. Between 1162 and 1182, he wrote his ''Compilatio decretorum''. The work is an effort to restructure Gratian's ''Decretum'', removing duplications and adding additiona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishop Of Sabina
A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is called episcopacy. Organizationally, several Christian denominations utilize ecclesiastical structures that call for the position of bishops, while other denominations have dispensed with this office, seeing it as a symbol of power. Bishops have also exercised political authority. Traditionally, bishops claim apostolic succession, a direct historical lineage dating back to the original Twelve Apostles or Saint Paul. The bishops are by doctrine understood as those who possess the full priesthood given by Jesus Christ, and therefore may ordain other clergy, including other bishops. A person ordained as a deacon, priest (i.e. presbyter), and then bishop is understood to hold the fullness of the ministerial priesthood, given responsibility b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bavaria
Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany. With over 13 million inhabitants, it is second in population only to North Rhine-Westphalia, but due to its large size its population density is below the German average. Bavaria's main cities are Munich (its capital and largest city and also the third largest city in Germany), Nuremberg, and Augsburg. The history of Bavaria includes its earliest settlement by Iron Age Celtic tribes, followed by the conquests of the Roman Empire in the 1st century BC, when the territory was incorporated into the provinces of Raetia and Noricum. It became the Duchy of Bavaria (a stem duchy) in the 6th century AD following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. It was later incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire, became an ind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radulfus Nigellus
Radulfus Nigellus (died 30 December 1188) was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was a native of Pisa, or perhaps of France. Life Radulfus held the title ''magister'', though the source of the title and the expertise which supported it are unknown. Driven out of Rome by the Roman commune, due to the war over Tusculum, Pope Lucius III (1181–1185) fled to the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, who was at Verona. Some of the cardinals followed Pope Lucius to Verona; others, however, whose followers had perpetrated the outrages at Tusculum and in the Roman campagna, remained in the city. Radulfus was a member of the papal court and followed Pope Lucius III in his flight from the Roman commune to Verona in July 1184. Far from obtaining aid from the emperor Frederick Barbarossa, they fell into quarreling, and the papal court became prisoner of the emperor in Verona. Cardinal deacon Radulfus was named a cardinal by Pope Lucius III (1181-1185) in Verona on Ash Wednesday 1185, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piacenza
Piacenza (; egl, label= Piacentino, Piaṡëinsa ; ) is a city and in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy, and the capital of the eponymous province. As of 2022, Piacenza is the ninth largest city in the region by population, with over 102,000 inhabitants. Westernmost major city of the region of Emilia-Romagna, it has strong relations with Lombardy, with which it borders, and in particular with Milan. It was once defined by Leonardo da Vinci as "Land of passage", in his Codex Atlanticus, by virtue of its crucial geographical location. Piacenza integrates characteristics of the nearby Ligurian and Piedmontese territories added to a prevalent Lombard influence, favored by communications with the nearby metropolis, which attenuate its Emilian footprint. Piacenza is located at a major crossroads at the intersection of Route E35/A1 between Bologna and Milan, and Route E70/A21 between Brescia and Turin. Piacenza is also at the confluence of the Trebbia, draining the north ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pietro Diana
Pietro Diani (died 1208, Rome) was an Italian cardinal. The name "Diana" is incorrect; he signs himself ''Petrus Dianus''. Life Petrus Diani was born in Piacenza around the middle of the 12th century. He is first noticed as a papal subdeacon in 1172. He became a canon of the collegiate church of Sant'Antonino a Piacenza by 1173, when a letter of Pope Alexander III notes his refusal to absolve the citizens of Piacenza who were guilty of attacking, wounding, and imprisoning Magister Petrus, Canon of S. Antonio and papal subdeacon. Petrus was elected its provost by 1178. He and Bishop Tedaldo of Piacenza disputed for a number of years over the possession of Brugneto, and he appeared by proxy before an examination committee of cardinals. He retained the post of provost even after he became a cardinal. Exile in Verona, Ferrara, and Pisa Pope Lucius III appointed Petrus cardinal deacon of San Nicola in Carcere in the consistory of the Ember Days of March 1185. The consistory was held ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishop Of Ostia E Velletri
The Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia is an ecclesiastical territory located within the Metropolitan City of Rome in Italy. It is one of the seven suburbicarian dioceses. The incumbent Bishop is cardinal Giovanni Battista Re. Since 1150, its bishop has been the Dean of the College of Cardinals, Its Cathedral is Basilica di Sant'Aurea. From 1105 to 1914, the diocese was merged with the Suburbicarian Diocese of Velletri. In 1962, the Diocese of Ostia was brought under the direct administration of the Diocese of Rome. Bishops Bishops of Ostia (-1057) * aximus (259):... *Maximus (313) *Florentius (366) :''...'' *Bonus (487). *Bellator (499) *Aristus (502) :... *Amabile (649) :... *Andrea(s) (680) :... *Sissinio 732 – before 745 *Theodorus (745) * George I, 753–786 :''...'' * Gregory I, 787 – before 804 * Bernard 804–805 * Peter I 805 – before 826 * Cesareo 826–854 * Megisto (or Leo I), 854–868 * Donatus, 868–870 :''sede vacante 870–878'' * Eugenius, 8 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottaviano Di Paoli
Ottaviano di Poli (surname given variously) (died 1206), a member of the family of the Counts of Poli, was an Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal. While still a subdeacon, he was sent as a papal legate to France by Pope Alexander III in 1178, to summon the French bishops to a general council which met in Rome in March 1179. He was created cardinal in December 1182 at Velletri, in the first creation of cardinals by Pope Lucius III. He was appointed cardinal-deacon of Ss. Sergio e Bacco. He subscribed the papal bulls between 2 January 1183 and 8 November 1205. In 1186, Pope Urban III reversed the policy of his predecessors, to deny the repeated requests of King Henry II of England to have his son John crowned king of Ireland with papal blessing. Pope Urban named Cardinal Ottaviano as legate to Henry II of England, along with Hugh de Nunant. They did not arrive at the English court until after Christmas. Their mission was to crown John Lackland as King of Ireland. By parading their le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graziano Da Pisa
Graziano da Pisa (Gratianus Pisanus) (died 1205) was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was a native of Pisa, and the nephew of Pope Eugenius III (1145-1153). He had studied law in Bologna, and held the rank of ''Magister''. He was a prominent official in the papal chancery, and an accomplished papal diplomat. Life Gratianus studied law in Bologna, in company with Stephen of Tournai, under the "Golden Mouth", Bulgarus of Bologna (d. 1166). He held the title of ''Magister''. The argument has been made that Magister Graziano da Pisa was the "Cardinalis" who was one of the earliest glossators of the ''Decretum'' of Gratian, in the 1150s or 1160s. He was already a member of the papal chancery when he acted as datary for a bull signed by Pope Alexander III at Benevento on 21 March 1168. He signs himself, ''per manum Gratiani, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae subdiaconi et notarii''. The exact same subscription is found in documents dated at Anagni on 23 January and on 26 January 11 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protodeacon
Protodeacon derives from the Greek ''proto-'' meaning 'first' and ''diakonos'', which is a standard ancient Greek word meaning "assistant", "servant", or "waiting-man". The word in English may refer to any of various clergy, depending upon the usage of the particular church in question. Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches Protodeacon is an honorific rank given to certain married deacons in Eastern Christian churches. In the Russian Orthodox Church it is an honorary title given to married deacons, as a mark of which, the clergyman is entitled to wear a burgundy-colored skufia. The equivalent rank for hierodeacons—i.e., monastic deacons—is archdeacon. The senior deacon of a cathedral or principal church may be awarded the title of protodeacon. In the Greek usage, the chief deacon who is attached to the person of a bishop is called an archdeacon. In the Slavic usage a protodeacon or archdeacon wears a distinctive orarion (deacon's stole). The title of protodeacon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Lucius II
Pope Lucius II (died 15 February 1145), born Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orso, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 9 March 1144 to his death in 1145. His pontificate was notable for the unrest in Rome associated with the Commune of Rome and its attempts to wrest control of the city from the papacy. He supported Empress Matilda's claim to England in the Anarchy, and had a tense relationship with King Roger II of Sicily. Early life Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orso, the son of Orso CaccianemiciMann, pg. 114 was born in Bologna.Thomas, pg. 91 He was for many years a canon of the Basilica di San FredianoLevillain, pg. 959 before his elevation by Pope Honorius II to cardinal priest of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme in 1124. During this time there he renovated the basilica, attached a body of regular canons and improved its revenue stream. After he was elevated as pope, he presented to the church a copy of the Gospels bound with plates of gold and adorned wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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