|
Pistolerismo
''Pistolerismo'' refers to the practice used by Spanish employers during the late Restoration of hiring thugs to face and often kill trade unionists and notable workers – and vice versa, most notably present in Barcelona. Background Pistolerismo originated in the developing industrial zones of Barcelona, where Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) started growing rapidly during the start of the 20th century. The power of CNT growing in workplaces (its members increased from 80,541 in 1918 to 845,805 in 1919), resulted in several conflicts between employers and workers regarding the improvement of labor conditions. A particular accomplishment of the labor movement of the time was the Canadenca strike in 1919 which forced the Spanish government to issue the ''Decreto de la jornada de ocho horas de trabajo'' (''Decree for the eight-hour working day''), limiting the working day to eight hours. The conflict Employers responded to the workers' actions by initiating lock ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Canadenca Strike
The strike ( ca, Vaga de La Canadenca, es, huelga de La Canadiense) was a historic strike action in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, that was initiated in February 1919 by Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) and lasted over 44 days evolving into a general strike paralyzing much of the industry of Catalonia. Among its consequences was to force the Spanish government to issue the , the first law limiting the working day to eight hours. The strike originated at the principal electricity company in Barcelona, , a subsidiary of Barcelona Traction, popularly known as because its major shareholder was the Canadian Bank of Commerce of Toronto. Background The strike was part of the rise of the anarcho-syndicalist CNT which reached its maximum point in the National Congress of December 1919 in Madrid (the CNT's members increased from 80,541 in 1918 to 845,805 in 1919). It was, likewise, the first major action of the CNT after the reorganization into single unions carried out by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ley De Fugas
The application of the ''Ley de fugas'' (''Law for the fugitives'') is a type of extrajudicial execution that consists of simulating an attempted escape of a prisoner and then killing them for "attempting to escape prison". History Spain In Spain, the method of execution of "fugitives", later known as ''Ley de fugas'', was implemented in Catalonia by Brigadier Antoine de Roten, governor of Barcelona, in the persecution against the absolutist groups during '' Trienio Liberal''. According to Vicente de la Fuente's description of the method: It was latter applied against Andalusian banditry in the 19th century. During the Restoration (1874-1931) the governments favored the dirty war against the trade union movement and allowed the civil governor of Barcelona, General Severiano Martínez Anido, through the Civil Guard and gunmen of ''Sindicato Libre'' (a company union), to order eight hundred attacks that produced more than five hundred deaths among various anarcho-syndicalists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barcelona
Barcelona ( , , ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within city limits,Barcelona: Población por municipios y sexo – Instituto Nacional de Estadística. (National Statistics Institute) its urban area extends to numerous neighbouring municipalities within the and is home to around 4.8 million people, making it the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Severiano Martínez Anido
Severiano Martínez Anido (21 May 1862 – 24 December 1938) was a Spanish general who served in a number of government posts in Spain during the Primo de Rivera and Francoist dictatorship Francoist Spain ( es, España franquista), or the Francoist dictatorship (), was the period of Spanish history between 1939 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title . After his death in 1975, Sp ...s. References 1862 births 1938 deaths Government ministers during the Francoist dictatorship Deputy Prime Ministers of Spain Interior ministers of Spain {{Spain-politician-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Anarchism
The history of anarchism is as ambiguous as anarchism itself. Scholars find it hard to define or agree on what anarchism means, which makes outlining its history difficult. There is a range of views on anarchism and its history. Some feel anarchism is a distinct, well-defined 19th and 20th century movement while others identify anarchist traits long before first civilisations existed. Prehistoric society existed without formal hierarchies, which some anthropologists have described as similar to anarchism. The first traces of formal anarchist thought can be found in ancient Greece and China, where numerous philosophers questioned the necessity of the state and declared the moral right of the individual to live free from coercion. During the Middle Ages, some religious sects espoused libertarian thought, and the Age of Enlightenment, and the attendant rise of rationalism and science signalled the birth of the modern anarchist movement. Modern anarchism was a significant part o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduardo Dato
Eduardo Dato e Iradier (12 August 1856 – 8 March 1921) was a Spanish political leader during the Spanish Restoration period. He served three times as Spanish prime minister: from 27 October 1913 to 9 December 1915, from 11 June 1917 to 3 November 1917, and from 28 April 1920 until his assassination by Catalan anarchists. Also he held eleven cabinet ministries, and was four times president of the Spanish Congress of Deputies (a role akin to that of parliamentary speaker). Career Born in A Coruña, Spain, son of Carlos Dato y Granados (himself the son of Carlos Dato Camacho y Marín and wife Cayetana Ruperta Granados y García, de Vivancos e Acosta) and wife Rosa Lorenza Iradier e Arce, of Galician descent. He graduated in Law at the Complutense University in 1875. He opened his law office two years later. Elected to the Spanish parliament in 1883, he became Under-secretary for the Ministry of the Interior in 1892. He held the position of Minister of the Interior and Minis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francesc Layret
Francesc Layret i Foix (10 July 1880 in Barcelona – 30 November 1920 in Barcelona, Spain) was a Spanish politician and lawyer, Catalan nationalist and republican. He was assassinated in 1920 following the mass detention of several of his colleagues and other left-wing politicians and union leaders. Layret was a democrat, republican, Catalan nationalist and defender of social justice. His commitment to the reality of his time and of Catalonia led him to collaborate with the working-class movement and the libertarian movement, helping to make Barcelona internationally known as the "rose of fire" for his role of avant-guard in the fight against oppression and exploitation. Biography Francesc Layret was born in Barcelona on 10 July 1880. A paralysis as a child left him crippled for the rest of his life. A brilliant student, he studied for two university degrees at the same time, Law and Philosophy of Letters. He obtained his doctorate with the highest qualification in 1905. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salvador Seguí
Salvador Seguí Rubinat (23 September 1887, in Lleida – 10 March 1923, in Barcelona), known as ''El noi del sucre'' ("the sugar boy" in Catalan) for his habit of eating the sugar cubes served him with his coffee, was a Catalan anarcho-syndicalist in the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT), a Spanish confederation of anarcho-syndicalist labor unions active in Catalonia. Together with Ángel Pestaña, Seguí opposed the paramilitary actions advocated and carried out by other members of the CNT. On 10 March 1923, while completing preparations to promote the idea of emancipation as a form of social empowerment among workers, he was assassinated by gunshot on Carrer de la Cadena, in Barcelona's Raval District, at the hands of gunmen working for the Catalan employers' organisation under protection of Catalonia's Civil Governor, Martínez Anido. At this same shooting, another anarcho-syndicalist, Francesc Comes, known as ''Perones'', was wounded and was to die several days la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evelio Boal
Evelio Boal López (Valladolid, 11 May 1884 - Barcelona, 18 July 1921) was a Spanish graphic designer, trade unionist and anarchist. He was one of the organizers of the Congress of Sants of the National Confederation of Labor, forming part of the commission that wrote the report. Biography Evelio Boal was born in Valladolid on 11 May 1884. At a very young age he went to live in Barcelona, where he worked as a typographer. By 1908 he was already a member of the board of the Union of the Art of Printing and launched the strike against ''El Progreso'', an organ of Alejandro Lerroux's Radical Republican Party. He later joined the National Confederation of Labor ( es, Confederación Nacional del Trabajo, CNT) and collaborated in the weekly '' Tierra y Libertad'' under the pseudonym ''Chispazos''. He was also an amateur actor, with which he directed the Grupo Artístico Teatral del Centro Obrero. He took part in the organization of the 1917 general strike and was the one who drafte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pau Sabater
Pau Sabater i Lliró (5 March 1884 in Algerri, province of Lleida – 17 July 1919 in Barcelona) was a Spanish anarcho-syndicalist in the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo in Catalonia. He was known also as "el Tero". He was secretary of the Union of Dyers, one of the most powerful trade unions A trade union (labor union in American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers intent on "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment", ch. I such as attaining better wages and benefits ( ... of the textile industry. His partner was Josepa Ros, with whom he had three children. He was killed by members of the gang of Manuel Bravo Portillo. The murder of Manuel Bravo Portillo himself a few months later was interpreted as a revenge from unionists. His funeral on 24 July 1919 was a huge demonstration of workers, with numerous riots across the entire Barcelona from the hospital to the cemetery at Montjuich. The trial for his m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anarcho-syndicalism
Anarcho-syndicalism is a political philosophy and anarchist school of thought that views revolutionary industrial unionism or syndicalism as a method for workers in capitalist society to gain control of an economy and thus control influence in broader society. The end goal of syndicalism is to abolish the wage system, regarding it as wage slavery. Anarcho-syndicalist theory generally focuses on the labour movement. Reflecting the anarchist philosophy from which it draws its primary inspiration, anarcho-syndicalism is centred on the idea that power corrupts and that any hierarchy that cannot be ethically justified must be dismantled. The basic principles of anarcho-syndicalism are solidarity, direct action (action undertaken without the intervention of third parties such as politicians, bureaucrats and arbitrators) and direct democracy, or workers' self-management. Anarcho-syndicalists believe their economic theories constitute a strategy for facilitating proletarian self-a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.svg "Click for more on -> Severiano Martínez Anido")
