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Patissier
A pastry chef or pâtissier (; the French female version of the word is pâtissière ), is a station chef in a professional kitchen, skilled in the making of pastries, desserts, breads and other baked goods. They are employed in large hotels, bistros, restaurants, bakeries, and some cafés. Duties and functions The pastry chef is a member of the classic ''brigade de cuisine'' in a professional kitchen and is the station chef of the pastry department. Day-to-day operations can also require the pastry chef to research recipe concepts and develop and test new recipes. Usually, the pastry chef does all the necessary preparation of the various desserts in advance, before dinner seating begins. The actual plating of the desserts is often done by another station chef, usually the ''garde manger'', at the time of order. The pastry chef is often in charge of the dessert menu, which, besides traditional desserts, could include dessert wines, specialty dessert beverages, and gourmet chee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Profession
A profession is a field of work that has been successfully ''professionalized''. It can be defined as a disciplined group of individuals, '' professionals'', who adhere to ethical standards and who hold themselves out as, and are accepted by the public as possessing special knowledge and skills in a widely recognised body of learning derived from research, education and training at a high level, and who are prepared to apply this knowledge and exercise these skills in the interest of others. Professional occupations are founded upon specialized educational training, the purpose of which is to supply disinterested objective counsel and service to others, for a direct and definite compensation, wholly apart from expectation of other business gain. Medieval and early modern tradition recognized only three professions: divinity, medicine, and law,Perks, R.W.(1993): ''Accounting and Society''. Chapman & Hall (London); . p.2. which were called the learned professions. A profession ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Recipe
A recipe is a set of instructions that describes how to prepare or make something, especially a dish of prepared food. A sub-recipe or subrecipe is a recipe for an ingredient that will be called for in the instructions for the main recipe. History Early examples The earliest known written recipes date to 1730 BC and were recorded on cuneiform tablets found in Mesopotamia. Other early written recipes date from approximately 1600 BC and come from an Akkadian tablet from southern Babylonia. There are also works in ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs depicting the preparation of food. Many ancient Greek recipes are known. Mithaecus's cookbook was an early one, but most of it has been lost; Athenaeus quotes one short recipe in his '' Deipnosophistae''. Athenaeus mentions many other cookbooks, all of them lost. Andrew Dalby, ''Food in the Ancient World from A to Z'', 2003. p. 97-98. Roman recipes are known starting in the 2nd century BCE with Cato the Elder's '' De Agri Cultura''. Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pastry Brush
A pastry brush, also known as a basting brush, is a cooking utensil used to spread butter, oil or glaze on food. Traditional pastry brushes are made with natural bristles or a plastic or nylon fiber similar to a paint brush, while modern kitchen brushes may have silicone bristles. In baking breads and pastries, a pastry brush is used to spread a glaze or egg wash on the crust or surface of the food.Julia Child (1996). '' Baking with Julia'' William Morrow and Company Inc. — (USA) In roasting meats, a pastry brush may be used to sop up juices or drippings from under pan and spread them on the surface of the meat to crisp the skin. See also * Basting (cooking) * Pastry chef A pastry chef or pâtissier (; the French female version of the word is pâtissière ), is a station chef in a professional kitchen, skilled in the making of pastries, desserts, breads and other baked goods. They are employed in large hotels, bi ... * Kitchen gadget References {{DEFAULTSORT:Pas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pastry Blender
A pastry blender is a cooking utensil used to mix a hard (solid) fat into flour in order to make pastries. The tool is usually made of narrow metal strips or wires attached to a handle, and is used by pressing down on the items to be mixed (known as "cutting in"). It is also used to break these fats (shortening, butter, lard) into smaller pieces. The blending of fat into flour at this stage impacts the amount of water that will be needed to bind the pastry into a dough. See also *Dough scraper *Dough blender *Whisk A whisk is a cooking utensil which can be used to blend ingredients smooth or to incorporate air into a mixture, in a process known as '' whisking'' or ''whipping''. Most whisks consist of a long, narrow handle with a series of wire loops joi ... References Food preparation utensils {{Kitchenware-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Restaurant Terminology
This is a list of restaurant terminology. A restaurant is a business that prepares and serves food and drink to customers in return for money, either paid before the meal, after the meal, or with a running tab. Meals are generally served and eaten on premises, but many restaurants also offer take-out and food delivery services. Restaurants vary greatly in appearance and offerings, including a wide variety of the main chef's cuisines and service models. Restaurant terminology * 86 – a term used when the restaurant has run out of, or is unable to prepare a particular menu item. Increasingly; when a bar patron is ejected from the premises and refused readmittance. Usually it is only for the rest of that night, though if the patron is especially violent, the ban may be for a longer term or even permanently. * À la carte * Bartender * Blue-plate special * Brigade de cuisine * BYOB – an initialism standing for "bring your own bottle", "bring your own beer", "bring your own b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Pastry Chefs
This is a list of notable pastry chefs. A pastry chef is a station chef in a professional kitchen, skilled in the making of pastries, desserts, breads and other baked goods. They are employed in large hotels, bistros, restaurants, bakeries, and some cafés. Pastry chefs * Dominique Ansel * Antonio Bachour * Florian Bellanger * Ron Ben-Israel * Willem Berkhoff * Wayne Harley Brachman * Sébastien Canonne * Philippe Conticini * Cheryl Day * Elizabeth Falkner * Gale Gand * Duff Goldman * Carine Goren * Shayne Greenman * Cédric Grolet * Tariq Hanna * Maida Heatter * Pierre Hermé * Johnny Iuzzini * Cheryl Koh * Beulah Levy Ledner * Alain LeNôtre * Gaston Lenôtre * Annie Lim * Nicholas Lodge * Norman Love * Emily Luchetti * Jean-Philippe Maury * Roland Mesnier * Ho Chi Minh * Melissa Murphy * Candace Nelson * Ghaya Oliveira * Anna Olson * Pichet Ong * François Payard * Jacquy Pfeiffer * Claire Ptak * Marc Rivière * Al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Chefs
:''Only those subjects who are notable enough for their own articles should be included here. That may include chefs who have articles in other languages on Wikipedia which have not as yet been translated into English.'' This article is a list of notable chefs and food experts throughout history. Antiquity * Mithaecus * Apicius, chef to Emperor Trajan 12th century * Liu Niangzi, Chinese Imperial chef 14th century * Sidoine Benoît * Guillaume Tirel, also known as Taillevent, first professional French master chef 15th century * Maestro Martino * Bartolomeo Platina 16th century * Lancelot de Casteau, author of ''L'Ouverture de cuisine'' (1604) * Guillaume Fouquet de la Varenne * Bartolomeo Scappi, author of ''Opera dell'Arte del Cucinare'' (1570) 17th century * Procopio Cutò, Sicilian chef in Paris, founder of Cafe Procopio * Stanisław Czerniecki, author of '' Compendium ferculorum, albo Zebranie potraw'', the first cookbook written originally in Polish * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petits Fours
A petit four (plural: petits fours, also known as mignardises) is a small bite-sized confectionery or savory appetizer. The name is French, ''petit four'' (), meaning "small oven". History and etymology In 18th and 19th century France, gas ovens did not exist. Large brick (Dutch design) ovens were used, which took a long time to heat up to bake bread, but also to cool down. Bakers used the ovens during the cooling process, taking advantage of their stored heat, for baking pastry. This was called baking ''à petit four'' (literally "at small oven"), a lower temperature which allowed pastry baking. Types Petits fours come in three varieties: * ''Glacé'' ("glazed"), iced or decorated tiny cakes covered in fondant or icing, such as small éclairs, and tartlets * ''Salé'' ("salted"), savory bite-sized appetizers usually served at cocktail parties or buffets * ''Sec'' ("dry"), dainty biscuits, baked meringues, macarons, and puff pastries In a French patisserie, assor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Measuring Cup
A measuring cup is a kitchen utensil used primarily to measure the volume of liquid or bulk solid cooking ingredients such as flour and sugar, especially for volumes from about 50 mL (2 fl oz) upwards. Measuring cups are also used to measure washing powder, liquid detergents and bleach for clothes washing. The cup will usually have a scale marked in cups and fractions of a cup, and often with fluid measure and weight of a selection of dry foodstuffs. Measuring cups may be made of plastic, glass, or metal. Transparent (or translucent) cups can be read from an external scale; metal ones only from a dipstick or scale marked on the inside. Capacity and scale Measuring cups usually have capacities from 250 mL (approx. 1 cup) to 1000 mL (approx. 4 cups = 2 pints = 1 quart), though larger sizes are also available for commercial use. They usually have scale markings at different heights: the substance being measured is added to the cup until it reaches the wan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kitchen Scale
A scale or balance is a device used to measure weight or mass. These are also known as mass scales, weight scales, mass balances, and weight balances. The traditional scale consists of two plates or bowls suspended at equal distances from a fulcrum. One plate holds an object of unknown mass (or weight), while known masses are added to the other plate until static equilibrium is achieved and the plates level off, which happens when the masses on the two plates are equal. The perfect scale rests at neutral. A spring scale will make use of a spring of known stiffness to determine mass (or weight). Suspending a certain mass will extend the spring by a certain amount depending on the spring's stiffness (or spring constant). The heavier the object, the more the spring stretches, as described in Hooke's law. Other types of scales making use of different physical principles also exist. Some scales can be calibrated to read in units of force (weight) such as newtons instead of units ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cheese
Cheese is a dairy product produced in wide ranges of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein. It comprises proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goats, or sheep. During production, milk is usually acidified and the enzymes of either rennet or bacterial enzymes with similar activity are added to cause the casein to coagulate. The solid curds are then separated from the liquid whey and pressed into finished cheese. Some cheeses have aromatic molds on the rind, the outer layer, or throughout. Over a thousand types of cheese exist and are produced in various countries. Their styles, textures and flavors depend on the origin of the milk (including the animal's diet), whether they have been pasteurized, the butterfat content, the bacteria and mold, the processing, and how long they have been aged. Herbs, spices, or wood smoke may be used as flavoring agents. The yellow to red color of many cheeses is produced by adding a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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