|
Myxoma
A myxoma (New Latin from Greek 'muxa' for mucus) is a myxoid tumor of primitive connective tissue. It is most commonly found in the heart (and is the most common primary tumor of the heart in adults) but can also occur in other locations. Types Table below: 1.SMA, smooth muscle actin. 2.MSA, muscle-specific actin. 3.EMA, epithelial membrane antigen. Symptoms and signs Symptoms associated with cardiac myxomas are typically due to the effect of the mass of the tumor obstructing the normal flow of blood within the chambers of the heart. Because pedunculated myxomas are somewhat mobile, symptoms may only occur when the patient is in a particular position. Some symptoms of myxoma may be associated with the release of interleukin 6 (IL-6) by the myxoma. High levels of IL-6 may be associated with a higher risk of embolism of the myxoma. Symptoms of a cardiac myxoma include: * Dyspnea on exertion * Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea * Fever * Weight loss (see cachexia) * Lightheadedn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atrial Myxoma
A myxoma is a rare benign tumor of the heart. Myxomata are the most common primary cardiac tumor in adults, and are most commonly found within the left atrium near the valve of the fossa ovalis. Myxomata may also develop in the other heart chambers. The tumor is derived from multipotent mesenchymal cells. Cardiac myxoma can affect adults between 30 and 60 years of age. Signs and symptoms Symptoms may occur at any time, but most often they accompany a change of body position. Pedunculated myxomata can have a "wrecking ball effect", as they lead to stasis and may eventually embolize themselves. Symptoms may include: * Shortness of breath with activity * Platypnea – Difficulty breathing in the upright position with relief in the supine position * Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea – Breathing difficulty when asleep * Dizziness * Fainting * Palpitations – Sensation of feeling your heart beat * Chest pain or tightness * Sudden Death (In which case the disease is an autopsy finding) Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angiomyxoma
Angiomyxoma is a myxoid tumor involving the blood vessels. It can affect the vulva and other parts of the pelvis. The characteristic feature of this tumor is its frequent local recurrence and it is currently regarded as a non-metastasizing benign tumor. Genetics * HMGA2 rearrangement ** by translocation t(12;21)(q15;q21.1) ** by translocation t(11;12)(q23;q15) ** by translocation t(8;12)(p12;q15) * t(5;8)(p15;q22) Pathology Microscopy * Vascular appearance of tumor * Hypocellular mesenchymal lesion * Spindled and stellate cells with an ill-defined cytoplasm * Cells loosely scattered in a myxoid stroma * No evidence of nuclear atypia and mitosis * Numerous, thin-to-thick wall vessels of different sizes * Myxoid, hypocellular background * Bland cytological appearance of spindle cells Microscopical views File:Aggressive angiomyxoma.jpg File:Aggressive angiomyxoma 2.jpg File:Aggressive angiomyxoma 6.jpg File:Aggressive angiomyxoma humpath 8.jpg File:Aggressive angiomyxom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neurothekeoma2
Neurothekeoma (NT) is a rare benign cutaneous tumor, superficial soft tissue tumors that frequently develop on the head and neck. They often occur in the second and early third decades of life and tend to afflict women more frequently than men. First described by Gallager and Helwig, who proposed the term in order to reflect the presumed origin of the lesion from nerve sheath. Microscopically, the lesions described closely resembled the tumor, "nerve sheath myxoma (NSM)", an entity first described by Harkin and Reed. The latter had, through the years, been variously described as "Bizarre cutaneous neurofibroma", "Myxoma of nerve sheath", and "Pacinian neurofibroma". Clinically, neurothekeomas present as a solitary nodule of the skin. The most common sites of occurrence are the head and neck and the extremities. The lesions range in size from about 0.5 cm. to more than 3 cm. The average patient age is about 25 years, but neurothkeomas may occur at any age. Women are affec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neurothekeoma
Neurothekeoma (NT) is a rare benign cutaneous tumor, superficial soft tissue tumors that frequently develop on the head and neck. They often occur in the second and early third decades of life and tend to afflict women more frequently than men. First described by Gallager and Helwig, who proposed the term in order to reflect the presumed origin of the lesion from nerve sheath. Microscopically, the lesions described closely resembled the tumor, "nerve sheath myxoma (NSM)", an entity first described by Harkin and Reed. The latter had, through the years, been variously described as "Bizarre cutaneous neurofibroma", "Myxoma of nerve sheath", and "Pacinian neurofibroma". Clinically, neurothekeomas present as a solitary nodule of the skin. The most common sites of occurrence are the head and neck and the extremities. The lesions range in size from about 0.5 cm. to more than 3 cm. The average patient age is about 25 years, but neurothkeomas may occur at any age. Women are affec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myxoid Tumor
A myxoid tumor is a connective tissue tumor with a "myxoid" background, composed of clear, mucoid substance. This tumoral phenotype is shared by many tumoral entities: * Myxomas ** Atrial myxoma ** Odontogenic myxoma ** Cutaneous myxoma ** Intramuscular myxoma * Myxoid hamartoma * Aggressive angiomyxoma * Myxoid leiomyoma * Chondromyxoid fibroma * Myxoid neurofibroma * Nerve sheath myxoma ( neurothekeoma) * Myxolipoma * Angiomyofibroblastoma * Myxoid leiomyosarcoma * Myxoid liposarcoma * Lipoblastoma * Myxofibrosarcoma * Myxoid cortical adenoma * Pleomorphic adenoma * Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma * Plexiform angiomyxoid myofibroblastic tumor * Myxoid plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor * Angiomyxolipoma (vascular myxolipoma) * Parachordoma * Acral myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma Acral myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (AMSF), also termed myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (MSF), is a rare, low-grade, soft tissue tumor that the World Health Organization ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cutaneous Myxoma
A cutaneous myxoma, or superficial angiomyxoma, consists of a multilobulated myxoid mass containing stellate or spindled fibroblasts with pools of mucin forming cleft-like spaces. There is often a proliferation of blood vessels and an inflammatory infiltrate. Staining is positive for vimentin, negative for cytokeratin and desmin, and variable for CD34, Factor VIIIa, SMA, MSA and S-100. Clinically, it may present as solitary or multiple flesh-colored nodules on the face, trunk, or extremities. It may occur as part of the Carney complex, and is sometimes the first sign. Local recurrence is common. See also *Myxoma *Skin lesion A skin condition, also known as cutaneous condition, is any medical condition that affects the integumentary system—the organ system that encloses the body and includes skin, nails, and related muscle and glands. The major function of this s ... References Dermal and subcutaneous growths {{Dermal-growth-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Superficial Acral Fibromyxoma
A superficial acral fibromyxoma is a type of myxoma and is a rare cutaneous condition characterized by a mesenchymal neoplasm that typically occurs on the digits of middle-aged adults. See also * Skin lesion A skin condition, also known as cutaneous condition, is any medical condition that affects the integumentary system—the organ system that encloses the body and includes skin, nails, and related muscle and glands. The major function of this s ... References Dermal and subcutaneous growths {{Dermal-growth-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stromal Cells
Stromal cells, or mesenchymal stromal cells, are differentiating cells found in abundance within bone marrow but can also be seen all around the body. Stromal cells can become connective tissue cells of any organ, for example in the uterine mucosa (endometrium), prostate, bone marrow, lymph node and the ovary. They are cells that support the function of the parenchymal cells of that organ. The most common stromal cells include fibroblasts and pericytes. The term ''stromal'' comes from Latin , "bed covering", and Ancient Greek , , "bed". Stromal cells are an important part of the body's immune response and modulate inflammation through multiple pathways. They also aid in differentiation of hematopoietic cells and forming necessary blood elements. The interaction between stromal cells and tumor cells is known to play a major role in cancer growth and progression. In addition, by regulating local cytokine networks (e.g. M-CSF, LIF), bone marrow stromal cells have been described to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Progesterone Receptor
The progesterone receptor (PR), also known as NR3C3 or nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 3, is a protein found inside cells. It is activated by the steroid hormone progesterone. In humans, PR is encoded by a single ''PGR'' gene residing on chromosome 11q22, it has two isoforms, PR-A and PR-B, that differ in their molecular weight. The PR-B is the positive regulator of the effects of progesterone, while PR-A serve to antagonize the effects of PR-B. Mechanism Progesterone is necessary to induce the progesterone receptors. When no binding hormone is present the carboxyl terminal inhibits transcription. Binding to a hormone induces a structural change that removes the inhibitory action. Progesterone antagonists prevent the structural reconfiguration. After progesterone binds to the receptor, restructuring with dimerization follows and the complex enters the nucleus and binds to DNA. There transcription takes place, resulting in formation of messenger RNA that is tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Micrograph
A micrograph or photomicrograph is a photograph or digital image taken through a microscope or similar device to show a magnified image of an object. This is opposed to a macrograph or photomacrograph, an image which is also taken on a microscope but is only slightly magnified, usually less than 10 times. Micrography is the practice or art of using microscopes to make photographs. A micrograph contains extensive details of microstructure. A wealth of information can be obtained from a simple micrograph like behavior of the material under different conditions, the phases found in the system, failure analysis, grain size estimation, elemental analysis and so on. Micrographs are widely used in all fields of microscopy. Types Photomicrograph A light micrograph or photomicrograph is a micrograph prepared using an optical microscope, a process referred to as ''photomicroscopy''. At a basic level, photomicroscopy may be performed simply by connecting a camera to a microscope, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Storiform
A woven or storiform pattern is a histopathologic architectural pattern. The name "storiform" originates from Latin ''storea'' (''woven''), as storiform tissue tends to resemble woven fabric on microscopy. Storiform fibrosis is a histologic sign of IgG4-related disease, accompanied by a dense lymphoplasmocytic infiltrate, often a partially eosinophilic infiltrate and obliterative phlebitis. See also *Histopathology Histopathology (compound of three Greek words: ''histos'' "tissue", πάθος ''pathos'' "suffering", and -λογία '' -logia'' "study of") refers to the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations of disease. Spe ..., for additional patterns References {{pathology-stub Histopathology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
