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Monounsaturated Fatty Acid
Monounsaturated fats are fatty acids that have one double bond in the fatty acid chain with all of the remainder carbon atoms being single-bonded. By contrast, polyunsaturated fats have more than one double bond. Molecular description Fatty acids are long-chained molecules having an alkyl group at one end and a carboxylic acid group at the other end. Fatty acid viscosity (thickness) and melting temperature increases with decreasing number of double bonds; therefore, monounsaturated fatty acids have a higher melting point than polyunsaturated fatty acids (more double bonds) and a lower melting point than saturated fatty acids (no double bonds). Monounsaturated fatty acids are liquids at room temperature and semisolid or solid when refrigerated resulting in an isotopic lattice structure. Common monounsaturated fatty acids are palmitoleic acid (16:1 n−7), cis-vaccenic acid (18:1 n−7) and oleic acid (18:1 n−9). Palmitoleic acid has 16 carbon atoms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fatty Acids
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important dietary sources of fuel for animals and important structural components for cells. History The concept of fatty acid (''acide gras'') was introduced in 1813 by Michel Eugène Chevreul, though he initially used some variant terms: ''graisse acide'' and ''acide huileux'' ("acid fat" and "oily acid"). Types of fatty acids Fatty acids are classified in many ways: by length, by saturation vs unsatura ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sapienic Acid
Sapienic acid is a fatty acid that is a major component of human sebum. Sapienic acid is a sebum fatty acid that is unique to humans (from whose scientific name it takes the root ''sapiens''). The equivalent fatty acid in mouse sebum is palmitoleic acid. Sapienic acid salts, esters, anion, and conjugate base are known as sapienates. Deficient production of sapienic acid has been implicated in the development of atopic dermatitis, and sapienic acid has potent antibacterial activity against pathogens like ''Staphylococcus aureus.'' Reduced omega-3 intake has been linked to lower sapienic acid levels in sebum. Delta-6-desaturation of palmitic acid leads to the biosynthesis of sapienic acid. In other tissues linoleic acid Linoleic acid (LA) is an organic compound with the formula COOH(CH2)7CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)4CH3. Both alkene groups are ''cis''. It is a fatty acid sometimes denoted 18:2 (n-6) or 18:2 ''cis''-9,12. A linoleate is a salt or ester of this acid. ... is the targ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nervonic Acid
Nervonic acid (24:1, n−9) is a fatty acid. It is a monounsaturated analog of lignoceric acid (24:0). It is also known as selacholeic acid and ''cis''-15-tetracosenoic acid. Its name derives from the Latin word ''wikt:nervus, nervus'', meaning nerve or sinew. It exists in nature as an elongation product of oleic acid (18:1 Δ9), its immediate precursor being erucic acid. Nervonic acid is particularly abundant in the white matter of animal brains and in peripheral nervous tissue where nervonyl sphingolipids are enriched in the myelin sheath of nerve fibers. In the same way, recent studies have concluded that nervonic acid is implicated as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of nerve cell myelin. This acid is an important member of the group of the cerebrosides, which are fatty acids of the glycosphingolipids group, important components of the muscles and the central nervous system and peripheral. Indeed, it is one of the major fatty acids in brain sphingolipids, normally accou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erucic Acid
Erucic acid is a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid, denoted 22:1ω9. It has the chemical formula CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)11COOH. It is prevalent in wallflower seed and other plants in the family Brassicaceae, with a reported content of 20 to 54% in high erucic acid rapeseed oil and 42% in mustard oil. Erucic acid is also known as ''cis''-13-docosenoic acid and the trans isomer is known as brassidic acid. Uses Erucic acid has many of the same uses as mineral oils, but it is more readily biodegradable than some. It has limited ability to polymerize and dry for use in oil paints. Like other fatty acids, it can be converted into surfactants or lubricants, and can be used as a precursor to biodiesel fuel. Derivatives of erucic acid have many further uses, such as behenyl alcohol (CH3(CH2)21OH), a pour point depressant (enabling liquids to flow at a lower temperature), and silver behenate, for use in photography. Sources of erucic acid The name ''erucic'' means "of or pertaining t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elaidic Acid
Elaidic acid is a chemical compound with the formula , specifically the fatty acid with structural formula HO(O=)C–(CH2–)7CH=CH–(CH2–)8H, with the double bond (between carbon atoms 9 and 10) in ''trans'' configuration. It is a colorless oily solid. Its salts and esters are called elaidates. Elaidic acid is an unsaturated trans fatty acid, with code C18:1 ''trans''-9. This compound has attracted attention because it is a major trans fat found in hydrogenated vegetable oils, and trans fats have been implicated in heart disease. It is the trans isomer of oleic acid. The name of the elaidinization reaction comes from elaidic acid. Its name comes from the Ancient Greek word ἔλαιον (''elaion''), meaning oil. Occurrence and bioactivity Elaidic acid occurs naturally in small amounts in caprine and bovine milk (very roughly 0.1% of the fatty acids) and in some meats. Elaidic acid increases plasma cholesterylester transfer protein (CETP) activity which lowers HDL ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oleic Acid
Oleic acid is a fatty acid that occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is an odorless, colorless oil, although commercial samples may be yellowish. In chemical terms, oleic acid is classified as a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid, abbreviated with a lipid number of 18:1 ''cis''-9, and a main product of Δ9 desaturase. It has the formula CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7COOH. The name derives from the Latin word ''oleum'', which means oil. It is the most common fatty acid in nature. The salts and esters of oleic acid are called oleates. Occurrence Fatty acids (or their salts) often do not occur as such in biological systems. Instead fatty acids such as oleic acid occur as their esters, commonly triglycerides, which are the greasy materials in many natural oils. Oleic acid is the most common monounsaturated fatty acid in nature. It is found in fats (triglycerides), the phospholipids that make membranes, cholesterol esters, and wax esters. Triglycerides of oleic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paullinic Acid
Paullinic acid is an omega-7 fatty acid find in a variety of plant sources, including guarana (''Paullinia cupana'') from which it gets its name. It is one of a number of eicosenoic acid Eicosenoic acid may refer to one of three closely related chemical compounds: * 9-Eicosenoic acid (gadoleic acid), an omega-11 fatty acid (20:1ω11) * 11-Eicosenoic acid (gondoic acid), an omega-9 fatty acid (20:1ω9) * 13-Eicosenoic acid (paull ...s. See also * 11-Eicosenoic acid References {{Fatty acids Fatty acids Alkenoic acids ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaccenic Acid
Vaccenic acid is a naturally occurring trans fatty acid. It is the predominant kind of trans-fatty acid found in human milk, in the fat of ruminants, and in dairy products such as milk, butter, and yogurt. Trans fat in human milk may depend on trans fat content in food. Its IUPAC name is (11''E'')-11-octadecenoic acid, and its lipid shorthand name is 18:1 ''trans''-11. The name was derived from the Latin ''vacca'' (cow). Vaccenic acid was discovered in 1928 in animal fats and butter. Mammals convert it into rumenic acid, a conjugated linoleic acid, where it shows anticarcinogenic properties. Its stereoisomer, ''cis''-vaccenic acid, is an omega-7 fatty acid, is found in Sea Buckthorn (''Hippophae rhamnoides'') oil. Its IUPAC name is (11''Z'')-11-octadecenoic acid, and its lipid shorthand name is 18:1 ''cis''-11. Health Vaccenic acid is also found in human orbitofrontal cortex of patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Alkaline phosphatase inhibited 25% by vacce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cis-Vaccenic Acid
Vaccenic acid is a naturally occurring trans fatty acid. It is the predominant kind of trans-fatty acid found in human milk, in the fat of ruminants, and in dairy products such as milk, butter, and yogurt. Trans fat in human milk may depend on trans fat content in food. Its IUPAC name is (11''E'')-11-octadecenoic acid, and its lipid shorthand name is 18:1 ''trans''-11. The name was derived from the Latin ''vacca'' ( cow). Vaccenic acid was discovered in 1928 in animal fats and butter. Mammals convert it into rumenic acid, a conjugated linoleic acid, where it shows anticarcinogenic properties. Its stereoisomer, ''cis''-vaccenic acid, is an omega-7 fatty acid, is found in Sea Buckthorn (''Hippophae rhamnoides'') oil. Its IUPAC name is (11''Z'')-11-octadecenoic acid, and its lipid shorthand name is 18:1 ''cis''-11. Health Vaccenic acid is also found in human orbitofrontal cortex of patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Alkaline phosphatase inhibited 25% by vacc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
