Paullinic Acid

	Paullinic Acid Paullinic acid is an omega-7 fatty acid find in a variety of plant sources, including guarana (''Paullinia cupana'') from which it gets its name. It is one of a number of eicosenoic acid Eicosenoic acid may refer to one of three closely related chemical compounds: * 9-Eicosenoic acid (gadoleic acid), an omega-11 fatty acid (20:1ω11) * 11-Eicosenoic acid (gondoic acid), an omega-9 fatty acid (20:1ω9) * 13-Eicosenoic acid (paull ...s. See also * 11-Eicosenoic acid References {{Fatty acids Fatty acids Alkenoic acids ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Omega-7 Fatty Acid Omega-7 fatty acids are a class of unsaturated fatty acids in which the site of unsaturation is seven carbon atoms from the end of the carbon chain. The two most common omega-7 fatty acids in nature are palmitoleic acid and vaccenic acid. They are widely used in cosmetics due to their moisturizing properties. Omega-7 fats are not essential fatty acids in humans as they can be made endogenously. Diets rich in omega-7 fatty acids have been shown to have beneficial health effects, such as increasing levels of HDL cholesterol and lowering levels of LDL cholesterol. Rich sources include macadamia nut oil and sea buckthorn (berry) oil in the form of palmitoleic acid, while dairy products are the primary sources of vaccenic acid and rumenic acid. A lesser but useful source of palmitoleic acid is avocado fruit (25,000ppm). The monounsaturated omega-7 fatty acids have the general chemical structure CH3-(CH2)5-CH=CH-(CH2)n-CO2H. Metabolism 16- and 18-carbon omega-7 unsaturated fat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Guarana Guaraná ( from the Portuguese ''guaraná'' ), ''Paullinia cupana'', syns. ''P. crysan, P. sorbilis'') is a climbing plant in the family Sapindaceae, native to the Amazon basin and especially common in Brazil. Guaraná has large leaves and clusters of flowers, and is best known for the seeds from its fruits, which are about the size of a coffee bean. As a dietary supplement or herb, guaraná seed is an effective stimulant: it contains about twice the concentration of caffeine found in coffee beans (about 2–8% caffeine in guarana seeds, compared to about 1–3% for coffee beans). The additive has gained notoriety for being used in energy drinks. As with other plants producing caffeine, the high concentration of caffeine is a defensive toxin that repels herbivores from the berry and its seeds. The colour of the fruit ranges from brown to red and it contains black seeds that are partly covered by white arils. The colour contrast when the fruit is split open has been compa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Eicosenoic Acid Eicosenoic acid may refer to one of three closely related chemical compounds: * 9-Eicosenoic acid (gadoleic acid), an omega-11 fatty acid (20:1ω11) * 11-Eicosenoic acid (gondoic acid), an omega-9 fatty acid (20:1ω9) * 13-Eicosenoic acid (paullinic acid), an omega-7 fatty acid (20:1ω7) {{chemistry index Alkenoic acids ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Fatty Acids In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important dietary sources of fuel for animals and important structural components for cells. History The concept of fatty acid (''acide gras'') was introduced in 1813 by Michel Eugène Chevreul, though he initially used some variant terms: ''graisse acide'' and ''acide huileux'' ("acid fat" and "oily acid"). Types of fatty acids Fatty acids are classified in many ways: by length, by saturation vs unsatura ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]