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Meta-Hydroxynorephedrine
''meta''-Hydroxynorephedrine or 3-hydroxynorephedrine, also known as 3,β-dihydroxyamphetamine, is an adrenergic drug of the amphetamine class which was patented as a vasopressor and nasal decongestant but was never marketed. It is the racemic form of the sympathomimetic drug metaraminol. See also * Hydroxynorephedrine * Metaraminol * Gepefrine * Phenylpropanolamine Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) is a sympathomimetic agent which is used as a decongestant and appetite suppressant. It was commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations. In veterinary medicine, it is used to contro ... References {{DEFAULTSORT:Hydroxynorephedrine, meta- Alpha-adrenergic agonists Substituted amphetamines Cardiac stimulants Phenols ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adrenergic
Adrenergic means "working on adrenaline (epinephrine) or noradrenaline (norepinephrine)" (or on their receptors). When not further qualified, it is usually used in the sense of enhancing or mimicking the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the body. *Adrenergic nervous system, a part of the autonomic nervous system that uses epinephrine or norepinephrine as its neurotransmitter Regarding proteins: * Adrenergic receptor, a receptor type for epinephrine and norepinephrine; subtypes include α1, α2, β1, β2, and β3 receptors * Adrenergic transporter (norepinephrine transporter), a protein transporting norepinephrine from the synaptic cleft into nerve cells Regarding pharmaceutical drugs: * Adrenergic receptor agonist, a type of drug activating one or more subtypes of adrenergic receptors ** This includes drugs regulating blood pressure and antiasthmatic drugs. * Adrenergic receptor antagonist, a type of drug blocking one or more subtypes of adrenergic receptors ** This ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drug
A drug is any chemical substance that causes a change in an organism's physiology or psychology when consumed. Drugs are typically distinguished from food and substances that provide nutritional support. Consumption of drugs can be via insufflation (medicine), inhalation, drug injection, injection, smoking, ingestion, absorption (skin), absorption via a dermal patch, patch on the skin, suppository, or sublingual administration, dissolution under the tongue. In pharmacology, a drug is a chemical substance, typically of known structure, which, when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect. A pharmaceutical drug, also called a medication or medicine, is a chemical substance used to pharmacotherapy, treat, cure, preventive healthcare, prevent, or medical diagnosis, diagnose a disease or to promote well-being. Traditionally drugs were obtained through extraction from medicinal plants, but more recently also by organic synthesis. Pharmaceutical drugs may be used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphetamine
Amphetamine (contracted from alpha- methylphenethylamine) is a strong central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity. It is also commonly used as a recreational drug. Amphetamine was discovered in 1887 and exists as two enantiomers: levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine. ''Amphetamine'' properly refers to a specific chemical, the racemic free base, which is equal parts of the two enantiomers in their pure amine forms. The term is frequently used informally to refer to any combination of the enantiomers, or to either of them alone. Historically, it has been used to treat nasal congestion and depression. Amphetamine is also used as an athletic performance enhancer and cognitive enhancer, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant. It is a prescription drug in many countries, and unauthorized possession and distribution of amphetamine are often tightly controlled due to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vasopressor
An antihypotensive agent, also known as a vasopressor agent or simply vasopressor, or pressor, is any substance, whether endogenous or a medication, that tends to raise low blood pressure. Some antihypotensive drugs act as vasoconstrictors to increase total peripheral resistance, others sensitize adrenoreceptors to catecholamines - glucocorticoids, and the third class increase cardiac output - dopamine, dobutamine. If low blood pressure is due to blood loss, then preparations increasing volume of blood circulation—plasma-substituting solutions such as colloid and crystalloid solutions (salt solutions)—will raise the blood pressure without any direct vasopressor activity. Packed red blood cells, plasma or whole blood should not be used solely for volume expansion or to increase oncotic pressure of circulating blood. Blood products should only be used if reduced oxygen carrying capacity or coagulopathy is present. Other causes of either absolute (dehydration, loss of plasma via ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nasal Decongestant
A decongestant, or nasal decongestant, is a type of pharmaceutical drug that is used to relieve nasal congestion in the upper respiratory tract. The active ingredient in most decongestants is either pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine (the latter of which has disputed effectiveness). Intranasal corticosteroids can also be used as decongestants and antihistamines can be used to alleviate runny nose, nasal itch, and sneezing. Topical decongestants on topical application as dilute solution (0.05–0.1%) produce local vasoconstriction. Regular use of decongestants for long periods should be avoided because mucosal ciliary function is impaired: atrophic rhinitis and anosmia (loss of the sense of smell) can occur due to persistent vasoconstriction. Decongestants can be absorbed from the nose via an inhaler and produce systemic effects, mainly central nervous system stimulation and rise in blood pressure. These drugs should be used cautiously in hypertensives and in those receiving mono ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Racemic
In chemistry, a racemic mixture, or racemate (), is one that has equal amounts of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral molecule or salt. Racemic mixtures are rare in nature, but many compounds are produced industrially as racemates. History The first known racemic mixture was racemic acid, which Louis Pasteur found to be a mixture of the two enantiomeric isomers of tartaric acid. He manually separated the crystals of a mixture by hand, starting from an aqueous solution of the sodium ammonium salt of racemate tartaric acid. Pasteur benefited from the fact that ammonium tartrate salt that gives enantiomeric crystals with distinct crystal forms (at 77 °F). Reasoning from the macroscopic scale down to the molecular, he reckoned that the molecules had to have non-superimposable mirror images. A sample with only a single enantiomer is an ''enantiomerically pure'' or ''enantiopure'' compound. Etymology From racemic acid found in grapes; from Latin ''racemus'', meani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sympathomimetic
Sympathomimetic drugs (also known as adrenergic drugs and adrenergic amines) are stimulant compounds which mimic the effects of endogenous agonists of the sympathetic nervous system. Examples of sympathomimetic effects include increases in heart rate, force of cardiac contraction, and blood pressure. The primary endogenous agonists of the sympathetic nervous system are the catecholamines (i.e., epinephrine drenaline norepinephrine oradrenaline and dopamine), which function as both neurotransmitters and hormones. Sympathomimetic drugs are used to treat cardiac arrest and low blood pressure, or even delay premature labor, among other things. These drugs can act through several mechanisms, such as directly activating postsynaptic receptors, blocking breakdown and reuptake of certain neurotransmitters, or stimulating production and release of catecholamines. Mechanisms of action The mechanisms of sympathomimetic drugs can be direct-acting (direct interaction between drug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metaraminol
Metaraminol, previously sold under the brand name Aramine among others and also known as metaradrine, is a stereoisomer of ''meta''-hydroxynorephedrine (3,β-dihydroxyamphetamine), is a potent sympathomimetic amine used in the prevention and treatment of hypotension, particularly as a complication of anesthesia. It is an α1-adrenergic receptor agonist with some β effect. It is currently sold in its generic form by Slayback Pharma. Pharmacology and use as a vasopressor Metaraminol is given intravenously as either a bolus (often 0.5-1mg doses) or as an infusion, usually via peripheral intravenous access. Metaraminol is commonly available as 10mg in 1mL, that requires dilution prior to administration (often made up to a 0.5mg/mL solution), however pre-prepared syringes of metaraminol for bolus use for hypotension are also commonly available. Pharmacodynamics The dominant mechanism for the vasopressor action of metaraminol is indirect, with metaraminol displacing noradrena ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydroxynorephedrine
Hydroxynorephedrine may refer to: * ''meta''-Hydroxynorephedrine * ''para''-Hydroxynorephedrine {{Short pages monitor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metaraminol
Metaraminol, previously sold under the brand name Aramine among others and also known as metaradrine, is a stereoisomer of ''meta''-hydroxynorephedrine (3,β-dihydroxyamphetamine), is a potent sympathomimetic amine used in the prevention and treatment of hypotension, particularly as a complication of anesthesia. It is an α1-adrenergic receptor agonist with some β effect. It is currently sold in its generic form by Slayback Pharma. Pharmacology and use as a vasopressor Metaraminol is given intravenously as either a bolus (often 0.5-1mg doses) or as an infusion, usually via peripheral intravenous access. Metaraminol is commonly available as 10mg in 1mL, that requires dilution prior to administration (often made up to a 0.5mg/mL solution), however pre-prepared syringes of metaraminol for bolus use for hypotension are also commonly available. Pharmacodynamics The dominant mechanism for the vasopressor action of metaraminol is indirect, with metaraminol displacing noradrena ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gepefrine
3-Hydroxyamphetamine (INN; trade names Pressionorm, Gepefrine, and Wintonin), also known as meta-hydroxyamphetamine, and α-methyl-''meta''-tyramine, is an antihypotensive or sympathomimetic agent of the amphetamine family that is marketed in certain European countries. It is a known metabolite of amphetamine in rats. See also * 3,4-Dihydroxyamphetamine * Norfenfluramine * 4-Hydroxyamphetamine * Metaraminol Metaraminol, previously sold under the brand name Aramine among others and also known as metaradrine, is a stereoisomer of ''meta''-hydroxynorephedrine (3,β-dihydroxyamphetamine), is a potent sympathomimetic amine used in the prevention and tr ... * ''meta''-Tyramine References {{Phenethylamines Substituted amphetamines Phenols Sympathomimetics Norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenylpropanolamine
Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) is a sympathomimetic agent which is used as a decongestant and appetite suppressant. It was commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations. In veterinary medicine, it is used to control urinary incontinence in dogs. Chemistry PPA is also known as β-hydroxyamphetamine, and is a member of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes. It is closely related to the cathinones (β-ketoamphetamines). The compound exists as four stereoisomers, which include ''d''- and ''l''-norephedrine and ''d''- and ''l''-norpseudoephedrine. ''d''-Norpseudoephedrine is also known as cathine, and is found naturally in '' Catha edulis'' (khat). Pharmaceutical drug preparations of PPA have varied in their stereoisomer composition in different countries, which may explain differences in misuse and side effect profiles. Analogues of PPA include ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, and cathinone. PPA, str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
