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MBOAT
The MBOAT (membrane bound O-acyl transferase) family of membrane proteins is a family of various acyltransferase enzymes. All family members contain multiple transmembrane domains and most carry two conserved residues, a conserved histidine (His) embedded in a hydrophobic stretch of residues and an asparagine (Asn) or histidine within a more hydrophilic region some 30-50 residues upstream. MBOAT enzymes catalyze the transfer of an acyl group from an acyl-coenzyme or accessory protein to one of several different substrates. The family is found from bacteria to eukaryotes. The family may be grouped into three categories, according to function: #enzymes involved in neutral lipid biosynthesis; #enzymes involved in protein/peptide acylation; #enzymes involved in phospholipid re-modelling. Structure The structure for one MBOAT protein, DltB from ''Streptococcus thermophilus'' (), has been solved. DltB performs D-alanylation of cell-wall teichoic acid. It contains a ring of 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PORCN
PORCN (porcupine homolog – Drosophila) is a human gene. The protein is homologous to other membrane-bound O-acyltransferases. Function The protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, res ... encoded by this gene is an endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane protein involved in processing of wingless proteins such as WNT7A. It performs O- Palmitoleoylation of these proteins. Clinical significance Mutations in this gene are associated with focal dermal hypoplasia. Mutations in PORCN are associated to Goltz-Gorlin syndrome. Ligands Inhibitors * WNT974 (LGK-974) - 1243244-14-5, researched for anti-cancer effects in Wnt-pathway sensitive tumours. Also investigated for influencing cardiac tissue remodelling following infarction. IWP (1-4) RXC004 References {{gene- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Membrane Proteins
Membrane proteins are common proteins that are part of, or interact with, biological membranes. Membrane proteins fall into several broad categories depending on their location. Integral membrane proteins are a permanent part of a cell membrane and can either penetrate the membrane (transmembrane) or associate with one or the other side of a membrane ( integral monotopic). Peripheral membrane proteins are transiently associated with the cell membrane. Membrane proteins are common, and medically important—about a third of all human proteins are membrane proteins, and these are targets for more than half of all drugs. Nonetheless, compared to other classes of proteins, determining membrane protein structures remains a challenge in large part due to the difficulty in establishing experimental conditions that can preserve the correct conformation of the protein in isolation from its native environment. Function Membrane proteins perform a variety of functions vital to the surv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teichoic Acid
Teichoic acids (''cf.'' Greek τεῖχος, ''teīkhos'', "wall", to be specific a fortification wall, as opposed to τοῖχος, ''toīkhos'', a regular wall) are bacterial copolymers of glycerol phosphate or ribitol phosphate and carbohydrates linked via phosphodiester bonds. Teichoic acids are found within the cell wall of most Gram-positive bacteria such as species in the genera '' Staphylococcus'', ''Streptococcus'', ''Bacillus'', '' Clostridium'', '' Corynebacterium'', and ''Listeria'', and appear to extend to the surface of the peptidoglycan layer. They can be covalently linked to ''N''-acetylmuramic acid or a terminal D-alanine in the tetrapeptide crosslinkage between ''N''-acetylmuramic acid units of the peptidoglycan layer, or they can be anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane with a lipid anchor. Teichoic acid's chemical signal is CH17P4O29NOH. Teichoic acids that are anchored to the lipid membrane are referred to as lipoteichoic acids (LTAs), whereas teichoic acid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SOAT1
Sterol O-acyltransferase (acyl-Coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase) 1, also known as SOAT1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''SOAT1'' gene. Function Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase () is an intracellular protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum that forms cholesteryl ester, cholesterol esters from cholesterol. Accumulation of cholesterol esters as cytoplasmic lipid droplets within macrophages and smooth muscle cells is a characteristic feature of the early stages of atherosclerotic plaques (Cadigan et al., 1988). Structure and biogenesis SOAT1 is a polytopic integral membrane protein belonging to the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) superfamily. The structure of SOAT1 has not yet been solved but that of DltB, a bacterial MBOAT, suggests a complex arrangement of multiple transmembrane domains (TMDs). Primary sequences of predicted SOAT1 TMDs indicate many unusual TMD features such as the presence of multiple charged residues within th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MBOAT7
Lysophospholipid acyltransferase 7 also known as membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing protein 7 (MBOAT7) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MBOAT7 gene. It is homologous to other membrane-bound O-acyltransferases. Function This gene encodes a member of the membrane-bound O-acyltransferases family of integral membrane proteins that have acyltransferase activity. The encoded protein is a lysophosphatidylinositol acyltransferase that has specificity for arachidonoyl-CoA as an acyl donor. This protein is involved in the re-acylation of phospholipid Phospholipids, are a class of lipids whose molecule has a hydrophilic "head" containing a phosphate group and two hydrophobic "tails" derived from fatty acids, joined by an alcohol residue (usually a glycerol molecule). Marine phospholipids typ ...s as part of the phospholipid remodeling pathway known as the Land cycle. References Further reading * * * * * {{gene-19-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MBOAT4
Ghrelin O-acyltransferase also known as membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MBOAT4 gene. It is homologous to other membrane-bound O-acyltransferases. It is a polytopic membrane protein what takes part in lipid signaling reactions. It is the only known enzyme that catalyzes the acylation of ghrelin through the transfer of ''n''-octanoic acid to ghrelin Ser3. Ghrelin O-acyltransferase function is essential in regulation of appetite and the release of growth hormone. Ghrelin O-acyltransferase is a target for scientific research due to promising applications in the treatment of diabetes, eating disorders, and metabolic diseases. Consistent with its function relative to ghrelin, ghrelin O-acyltransferase can be found in all vertebrates, including mammals, birds, and fish species. The enzyme is primarily expressed in the stomach and the gastrointestinal system. Other sites where ghrelin O-acyltransferase can be found include ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MBOAT2
The MBOAT (membrane bound O-acyl transferase) family of membrane proteins is a family of various acyltransferase enzymes. All family members contain multiple transmembrane domains and most carry two conserved residues, a conserved histidine (His) embedded in a hydrophobic stretch of residues and an asparagine (Asn) or histidine within a more hydrophilic region some 30-50 residues upstream. MBOAT enzymes catalyze the transfer of an acyl group from an acyl-coenzyme or accessory protein to one of several different substrates. The family is found from bacteria to eukaryotes. The family may be grouped into three categories, according to function: #enzymes involved in neutral lipid biosynthesis; #enzymes involved in protein/peptide acylation; #enzymes involved in phospholipid re-modelling. Structure The structure for one MBOAT protein, DltB from ''Streptococcus thermophilus'' (), has been solved. DltB performs D-alanylation of cell-wall teichoic acid. It contains a ring of 11 t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HHAT
Hedgehog acyltransferase (HHAT), also called skinny hedgehog homology in humans, is a human gene. The HHAT gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes N-terminal palmitoylation of sonic hedgehog. Mutations in HHAT produce a phenotype In genetics, the phenotype () is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism. The term covers the organism's morphology or physical form and structure, its developmental processes, its biochemical and physiological proper ... that is similar to loss of hedgehog function. Finally the HHAT protein shares a short but significant sequence similarity to membrane-bound O-acyltransferases. References External links * {{gene-1-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
