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Megaloschizont
Megaloschizonts are large schizonts that produce extremely high numbers of merozoites. They are found in various species of the Phylum '' Apicomplexa''. The '' Apicomplexa'' phylum contains several parasitic protozoans. They have a very complex life cycle that includes several stages. Megaloschizonts and the smaller schizonts are the part of the life cycle that takes place inside the infected host organism and operates as an asexually reproductive cell. Megaloschizonts appear as grey-white nodules found in the smooth muscle of major organs, such as the heart, liver, lung or spleen. History of the Term The term was first used by Clay G. Huff from the University of Chicago.Huff, Clay G. (1942). Schizogony and gametocyte development in ''Leucocytozoon simondi'' and comparisons with ''Plasmodium'' and ''Haemoproteus'' in studying parasitic diseases. ''The Journal of Infectious Diseases''. Volume 71. Oxford University Press. In studying various infectious diseases caused by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucocytozoon
''Leucocytozoon '' (or ''Leukocytozoon'') is a genus of parasitic alveolates belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa (which also includes the malaria parasites). The species of this genus use either blackflies ('' Simulium'' species) or a biting midge as their definitive host and birds as their intermediate host. There are over 100 species in this genus. Over 100 species of birds have been recorded as hosts to these parasites. Life cycle Parasites in the genus ''Leucocytozoon'' have a life cycle that involves both a bird host, and a black fly (with the exception of ''Leucocytozoon caulleryi'' which cycles between a bird host and a biting midge). Parasites enter the bird host in a form called a sporozoite through the bite of the blood-sucking black fly. The sporozoites invade host cells in the liver where they undergo asexual replication, forming numerous daughter cells called merozoites within 4–5 days. The duration of this stage depends in part upon the species. In some spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haemoproteus
''Haemoproteus'' is a genus of alveolates that are parasitic in birds, reptiles and amphibians. Its name is derived from Greek: ''Haima'', "blood", and ''Proteus'', a sea god who had the power of assuming different shapes. The name ''Haemoproteus'' was first used in the description of '' H. columbae'' in the blood of the pigeon ''Columba livia'' by Kruse in 1890. This was also the first description of this genus. Two other genera — '' Halteridium'' and '' Simondia'' — are now considered to be synonyms of ''Haemoproteus''. The protozoa are intracellular parasites that infect the erythrocytes. They are transmitted by blood sucking insects including mosquitoes, biting midges (''Culicoides''), louse flies (''Hippoboscidae'') and horse-flies (" tabanids", "tabanid flies"). Infection with this genus is sometimes known as pseudomalaria because of the parasites' similarities with ''Plasmodium'' species. Within the genus there are at least 173 species, 5 varieties and 1 subspecies. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schizont
Apicomplexans, a group of intracellular parasites, have life cycle stages that allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they are exposed to during their complex life cycle. Each stage in the life cycle of an apicomplexan organism is typified by a ''cellular variety'' with a distinct morphology and biochemistry. Not all apicomplexa develop all the following cellular varieties and division methods. This presentation is intended as an outline of a hypothetical generalised apicomplexan organism. Methods of asexual replication Apicomplexans (sporozoans) replicate via ways of multiple fission (also known as schizogony). These ways include , and , although the latter is sometimes referred to as schizogony, despite its general meaning. Merogony is an asexually reproductive process of apicomplexa. After infecting a host cell, a trophozoite ( see glossary below) increases in size while repeatedly replicating its nucleus and other organelles. During this process, the orga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sporozoite
Apicomplexans, a group of intracellular parasites, have life cycle stages that allow them to survive the wide variety of environments they are exposed to during their complex life cycle. Each stage in the life cycle of an apicomplexan organism is typified by a ''cellular variety'' with a distinct morphology and biochemistry. Not all apicomplexa develop all the following cellular varieties and division methods. This presentation is intended as an outline of a hypothetical generalised apicomplexan organism. Methods of asexual replication Apicomplexans (sporozoans) replicate via ways of multiple fission (also known as schizogony). These ways include , and , although the latter is sometimes referred to as schizogony, despite its general meaning. Merogony is an asexually reproductive process of apicomplexa. After infecting a host cell, a trophozoite ( see glossary below) increases in size while repeatedly replicating its nucleus and other organelles. During this process, the org ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamois
The chamois (''Rupicapra rupicapra'') or Alpine chamois is a species of goat-antelope native to mountains in Europe, from west to east, including the Alps, the Dinarides, the Tatra and the Carpathian Mountains, the Balkan Mountains, the Rila–Rhodope massif, Pindus, the northeastern mountains of Turkey, and the Caucasus. The chamois has also been introduced to the South Island of New Zealand. Some subspecies of chamois are strictly protected in the EU under the European Habitats Directive. Names The English name comes from French . The latter is derived from Gaulish ''camox'' (attested in Latin, 5th century), itself perhaps borrowing from some Alpine language (Raetic, Ligurian). The Gaulish form also underlies German , , , Italian , Ladin . The usual pronunciation for the animal is or , approximating the French pronunciation . However, when referring to chamois leather, and in New Zealand often for the animal itself, it is , and sometimes spelt ''shammy'' or ''chamy'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Besnoitia
''Besnoitia'' is a genus of apicomplexan parasites. Life cycle The life cycle of many of the species in this genus are not known. The life cycle may be complex with various intermediate hosts and vectors including ''Stomoxys'' and ''Tabanidae Horse-flies or horseflies are true flies in the family Tabanidae in the insect order Diptera. They are often large and agile in flight, and only the female horseflies bite animals, including humans, to obtain blood. They prefer to fly in s ...''. Pathology and effects on the host Infection with these parasites causes pedunculated lesions in the skin, nasal cavity and larynx of domestic animals. The lesions consist of exophytic nodules protruding from mucosal surfaces. See also * Besnoitiosis References Apicomplexa genera Conoidasida {{Apicomplexa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eimeria
''Eimeria'' is a genus of apicomplexan parasites that includes various species capable of causing the disease coccidiosis in animals such as cattle, poultry and smaller ruminants including sheep and goats. ''Eimeria'' species are considered to be monoxenous because the life cycle is completed within a single host, and stenoxenous because they tend to be host specific, although a number of exceptions have been identified. Species of this genus infect a wide variety of hosts. Thirty-one species are known to occur in bats (Chiroptera), two in turtles, and 130 named species infect fish. Two species (''E. phocae'' and ''E. weddelli'') infect seals. Five species infect llamas and alpacas: ''E. alpacae'', ''E. ivitaensis'', ''E. lamae'', ''E. macusaniensis'', and ''E. punonensis''. A number of species infect rodents, including ''E. couesii'', ''E. kinsellai'', ''E. palustris'', ''E. ojastii'' and ''E. oryzomysi''. Others infect poultry (''E. necatrix'' and ''E. tenella''), rabbits (''E. s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hepatocystis
''Hepatocystis'' is a genus of parasites transmitted by midges of the genus ''Culicoides''. Hosts include Old World primates, bats, hippopotamus and squirrels. This genus is not found in the New World. The genus was erected by Levaditi and Schoen, 1932, as ''Hepatocystes''. Taxonomy The type species is ''Hepatocystis kochi''. There are currently 25 recognised species in this genus. Species list * '' Hepatocystis bainae'' * '' Hepatocystis bouillezi'' * '' Hepatocystis brayi'' * '' Hepatocystis brosseti'' * '' Hepatocystis carpenteri'' * '' Hepatocystis cercopitheci'' * '' Hepatocystis epomophori'' * '' Hepatocystis fieldi'' * '' Hepatocystis foylei'' * '' Hepatocystis garnhami'' * '' Hepatocystis hipposideri'' * '' Hepatocystis hippopotami'' * '' Hepatocystis kochi'' * '' Hepatocystis levinei'' * '' Hepatocystis limnotragi'' * '' Hepatocystis malayensis'' * '' Hepatocystis muuli'' * '' Hepatocystis perronae'' * '' Hepatocystis pteropti'' * '' Hepatocystis ratufae'' * '' Hepa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polychromophilus
The genus ''Polychromophilus'' consists of obligate intracellular eukaryotic Parasitism, parasites that infect bats from every continent except Antarctica. They are transmitted by bat flies, which act as an insect vector as well as the parasite’s site of Apicomplexan life cycle, sporogeny. ''Polychromophilus'' follows a fairly typical Haemosporida, Haemospororidian lifecycle, with gametocytes and gametes restricted to the bloodstream of the host and meronts infecting organs – most notably the lungs and the liver. The type species is ''Polychromophilus melanipherus'', and was described by Dionisi in 1898. Taxonomy ''Polychromophilus'' was first described by Dionisi in 1898, who also differentiated between the first two species, ''Polychromophilus murinus'' and ''Polychromophilus melanipherus''. Both of these original species were named after their primary hosts – ''Vespertilio murinus'' and ''Miniopterus schreibersi'' respectively. In 1906, Schingareff managed to observe and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nycteria
''Nycteria'' is a genus of protozoan parasites that belong to the phylum Apicomplexa. It is composed of vector-borne haemosporidian parasites that infect a wide range of mammals such as primates, rodents and bats. Its vertebrate hosts are bats. First described by Garnham and Heisch in 1953, ''Nycteria'' is mostly found in bat species where it feeds off the blood of their hosts and causes disease. Within the host, ''Nycteria'' develops into peculiar lobulated schizonts in parenchyma cells of the liver, similarly to the stages of ''Plasmodium falciparum'' in the liver. The vector of Nycteria has been hard to acquire and identify. Because of this, the life cycle of ''Nycteria'' still remains unknown and understudied. It has been suggested that this vector could be an arthropod rather than a mosquito or the vector of most haemosporidian parasites. Etymology The word ''Nycteris'' is derived from the Greek word “nykteros”, also “bat”. ''Nycteris'' is a bat genus in the family ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis () is the part of the cell division process during which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell divides into two daughter cells. Cytoplasmic division begins during or after the late stages of nuclear division in mitosis and meiosis. During cytokinesis the spindle apparatus partitions and transports duplicated chromatids into the cytoplasm of the separating daughter cells. It thereby ensures that chromosome number and complement are maintained from one generation to the next and that, except in special cases, the daughter cells will be functional copies of the parent cell. After the completion of the telophase and cytokinesis, each daughter cell enters the interphase of the cell cycle. Particular functions demand various deviations from the process of symmetrical cytokinesis; for example in oogenesis in animals the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles. This leaves very little for the resulting polar bodies, which in most species die without function, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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