|
List Of Chairs Of The Muséum National D'histoire Naturelle
The following is a list persons who have held the chairs of the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. The number of chaired positions, and their subject areas, have evolved since the creation of the original twelve chairs, some being subdivided into two positions and others removed. (Titles translated) * Animal Anatomy ** 1793 to 1802: Jean-Claude Mertrud ** 1802 to 1832: Georges Cuvier. This chair was renamed ''Comparative Anatomy''. ***Comparative Anatomy **** 1832 to 1850: Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville **** 1850 to 1855: Georges Louis Duvernoy **** 1855 to 1868: Etienne Serres **** 1868 to 1879: Paul Gervais **** 1879 to 1894: Georges Pouchet **** 1894 to 1902: Henri Filhol **** 1903 to 1921: Edmond Perrier **** 1922 to 1941: Raoul Anthony **** 1942: Empty **** 1943 to 1960: Jacques Millot **** 1961: Empty **** 1962 to 1984: Jean Anthony **** 1984 to 2001: Empty *Human Anatomy ** 1793 to 1832: Antoine Portal ** 1832 to 1838: Pierre Flourens. This chair was renamed ''An ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muséum National D'histoire Naturelle
The French National Museum of Natural History, known in French as the ' (abbreviation MNHN), is the national natural history museum of France and a ' of higher education part of Sorbonne Universities. The main museum, with four galleries, is located in Paris, France, within the Jardin des Plantes on the left bank of the River Seine. It was formally founded in 1793 during the French Revolution, but was begun even earlier in 1635 as the royal garden of medicinal plants. The museum now has 14 sites throughout France. History 17th–18th century File:Jardin du roi 1636.png, The Royal Garden of Medicinal Plants in 1636 File:Buffon statue dsc00979.jpg, Statue of Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon in the formal garden File:Buffon, Georges Louis - Leclerc, comte de – Histoire naturelle, générale et particuliére, 1763 – BEIC 8822844.jpg, Buffon's "Natural History" (1763) File:MNHN-logo.jpg, The museum's seal, designed in 1793, illustrates the three realms of Nature, Collecti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
René Verneau
René Verneau (25 April 1852 – 7 January 1938) was a French palaeoanthropologist. Among his work is the reconstruction of the Grimaldi man from Liguria, and study of the Guanches. In 2005, the '' Mission laïque française'' college in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, the only francophone French became an international language in the Middle Ages, when the power of the Kingdom of France made it the second international language, alongside Latin. This status continued to grow into the 18th century, by which time French was the l ... college in the island, adopted his name. References * "René Verneau." In ''Biographical Dictionary of the History of Paleoanthropology''. Edited by Matthew R. Goodrum. (2016) available at https://drive.google.com/file/d/12eUQV8XIIP0J4Q4hb2GgO5LQFdov_KhB/view See also Palaeoanthropology on Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 1852 births 1938 deaths French anthropologists {{France-scientist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Fosse
Richard is a male given name. It originates, via Old French, from Old Frankish and is a compound of the words descending from Proto-Germanic ''*rīk-'' 'ruler, leader, king' and ''*hardu-'' 'strong, brave, hardy', and it therefore means 'strong in rule'. Nicknames include "Richie", "Dick", "Dickon", " Dickie", "Rich", "Rick", "Rico", "Ricky", and more. Richard is a common English, German and French male name. It's also used in many more languages, particularly Germanic, such as Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, Icelandic, and Dutch, as well as other languages including Irish, Scottish, Welsh and Finnish. Richard is cognate with variants of the name in other European languages, such as the Swedish "Rickard", the Catalan "Ricard" and the Italian "Riccardo", among others (see comprehensive variant list below). People named Richard Multiple people with the same name * Richard Andersen (other) * Richard Anderson (other) * Richard Cartwright (other) * Ri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Léon-Albert Arnaud
Léon-Albert Arnaud (15 February 1853 – 27 March 1915) was a French chemist born in Paris. From 1872 he worked as an assistant in the laboratory of Michel Eugène Chevreul (1786–1889) at the ''Muséum national d'histoire naturelle''. In 1883 he succeeded François Stanislas Cloez (1817–1883) as ''aide-naturaliste'', and from 1890 to 1915 was chair of applied organic chemistry at the museum. Arnaud was the first scientist to describe the chemical make-up of tariric acid, an extraction from the glucoside of the " tariri plant" found in Guatemala. He is also credited with isolating tanghinine, taken from '' Tanghinia venenifera''; (family Apocynaceae), and in 1883 discovered a new alkaloid Alkaloids are a class of basic, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Some synthetic compounds of similar ... called cinchonamine. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michel Eugène Chevreul
Michel Eugène Chevreul (31 August 1786 – 9 April 1889) was a French chemist and centenarian whose work influenced several areas in science, medicine, and art. His early work with animal fats revolutionized soap and candle manufacturing and led to his isolation of the heptadecanoic (margaric), stearic, and oleic fatty acids. In the process, Chevreul became the first scientist to define the concept of a chemical compound and the first to formally characterise the nature of organic compounds; he is consequently considered a founder of modern organic chemistry. In the medical field, he was first to demonstrate that diabetics excrete glucose in the urine and to isolate creatine. He lived to 102 and was a pioneer in the field of gerontology. His theories of colour "provided the scientific basis for Impressionist and Neo-Impressionist painting." He is one of the 72 French scientists, mathematicians, and engineers whose names are inscribed on the Eiffel Tower; of those 72, Chevreu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin
Prof. Louis Nicolas Vauquelin FRS(For) HFRSE (16 May 1763 – 14 November 1829) was a French pharmacist and chemist. He was the discoverer of both chromium and beryllium. Early life Vauquelin was born at Saint-André-d'Hébertot in Normandy, France, the son of Nicolas Vauquelin, an estate manager, and his wife, Catherine Le Charterier. His first acquaintance with chemistry was gained as laboratory assistant to an apothecary in Rouen (1777–1779), and after various vicissitudes he obtained an introduction to A. F. Fourcroy, in whose laboratory he was an assistant from 1783 to 1791. Moving to Paris, he became a laboratory assistant at the Jardin du Roi and was befriended by a professor of chemistry. In 1791 he was made a member of the Academy of Sciences and from that time he helped to edit the journal ''Annales de Chimie'' ''(Chemical annals)'', although he left the country for a while during the height of the French Revolution. In 1798 Vauquelin discovered beryllium oxide by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claude Bernard
Claude Bernard (; 12 July 1813 – 10 February 1878) was a French physiologist. Historian I. Bernard Cohen of Harvard University called Bernard "one of the greatest of all men of science". He originated the term ''milieu intérieur'', and the associated concept of homeostasis (the latter term being coined by Walter Cannon). Life and career Bernard was born in 1813 in the village of Saint-Julien near Villefranche-sur-Saône. He received his early education in the Jesuit school of that town, and then proceeded to the college at Lyon, which, however, he soon left to become assistant in a druggist's shop. He is sometimes described as an agnostic and even humorously referred to by his colleagues as a "great priest of atheism". Despite this, after his death Cardinal Ferdinand Donnet claimed Bernard was a fervent Catholic, with a biographical entry in the ''Catholic Encyclopedia''. His leisure hours were devoted to the composition of a vaudeville comedy, and the success it achieved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frédéric Cuvier
Georges-Frédéric Cuvier (28 June 1773 – 24 July 1838) was a French zoologist and paleontologist. He was the younger brother of noted naturalist and zoologist Georges Cuvier. Career Frederic was the head keeper of the menagerie at the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris from 1804 to 1838. He named the red panda (''Ailurus fulgens'') in 1825. The chair of comparative physiology was created for him at the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle in 1837. He was elected as a foreign member of the Royal Society in 1835. He is mentioned in Charles Darwin's ''On the Origin of Species'' (Chapter VII) as having worked on animal behaviour and instinct, especially the distinction between habit and instinct. He is also mentioned in Herman Melville's ''Moby-Dick'' (Chapter 32) as having written on the topic of whales. Evolution Cuvier has been described as the first scientist to use terms ''"héréditaire"'' (hereditary) in 1807 and "heredity” in 1812 in their now biological context. He used b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yves Coppens
Yves Coppens (9 August 1934 – 22 June 2022) was a French anthropologist. A graduate from the University of Rennes and Sorbonne, he studied ancient hominids and had multiple published works on this topic, and also produced a film. In October 2014, Coppens was named an Ordinary Member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences by Pope Francis. Scientific work He was Professor at the College de France, which is considered to be France's most prestigious research establishment. Richard Dawkins makes the following observation in ''The Ancestor's Tale'': "Incidentally, I don't know what to make of the fact that in his native France, Yves Coppens is widely cited as the discoverer of Lucy, even as the 'father' of Lucy. In the English-speaking world, this important discovery is universally attributed to Donald Johanson". This confusion is because Coppens was the former director of the Hadar expedition. Donald Johanson, who led the 1974 expedition, was the one who found Lucy. The "Rift Va ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Gessain
The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory, honour, praise, renown" and ''berht'' "bright, light, shining"). It is the second most frequently used given name of ancient Germanic origin. It is also in use as a surname. Another commonly used form of the name is Rupert. After becoming widely used in Continental Europe it entered England in its Old French form ''Robert'', where an Old English cognate form (''Hrēodbēorht'', ''Hrodberht'', ''Hrēodbēorð'', ''Hrœdbœrð'', ''Hrœdberð'', ''Hrōðberχtŕ'') had existed before the Norman Conquest. The feminine version is Roberta. The Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish form is Roberto. Robert is also a common name in many Germanic languages, including English, German, Dutch, Norwegian, Swedish, Scots, Danish, and Icelandic. It can be u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
