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Kretek
Kretek () are unfiltered cigarettes of Indonesian origin, made with a blend of tobacco, cloves, and other flavors. The word "kretek" itself is an onomatopoetic term for the crackling sound of burning cloves. Partly due to favorable taxation compared to filtered "white" cigarettes, kreteks are by far the most widely smoked form of cigarettes in Indonesia, where they are preferred by about 90% of smokers. In Indonesia, there are hundreds of kretek manufacturers, including small local makers and major brands. Most of the widely known international brands, including Sampoerna, Bentoel, Minak Djinggo, Djarum, Gudang Garam, and Wismilak originate from Indonesia. Nat Sherman of the United States produced cigarettes branded as "A Touch of Clove" but they were not true kreteks, since there was clove flavoring infused into small crystals located inside the filter, rather than actual clove spice mixed with the tobacco. Kreteks often serve as a base for Indonesian herbal cigarettes, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kretek Sampoerna
Kretek () are unfiltered cigarettes of Indonesian origin, made with a blend of tobacco, cloves, and other flavors. The word "kretek" itself is an onomatopoetic term for the crackling sound of burning cloves. Partly due to favorable taxation compared to filtered "white" cigarettes, kreteks are by far the most widely smoked form of cigarettes in Indonesia, where they are preferred by about 90% of smokers. In Indonesia, there are hundreds of kretek manufacturers, including small local makers and major brands. Most of the widely known international brands, including Sampoerna, Bentoel, Minak Djinggo, Djarum, Gudang Garam, and Wismilak originate from Indonesia. Nat Sherman of the United States produced cigarettes branded as "A Touch of Clove" but they were not true kreteks, since there was clove flavoring infused into small crystals located inside the filter, rather than actual clove spice mixed with the tobacco. Kreteks often serve as a base for Indonesian herbal cigarettes, by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gudang Garam
PT Perusahaan Rokok Tjap Gudang Garam Tbk ( Republican spelling Indonesian for "Salt Warehouse brand Cigarette Company"), trading as PT Gudang Garam Tbk, is an Indonesian tobacco company, best known for its ''kretek'' (clove cigarette) products. It is Indonesia's second-largest tobacco manufacturer, with a market share of about 20%. The company was founded on 26 June 1958 by Tjoa Ing Hwie, who changed his name to Surya Wonowidjojo (1923–1985). In 1984, control of the company was passed to Wonowidjojo's son, Cai Daoheng/Tjoa To Hing (Rachman Halim), who subsequently became the richest man in Indonesia. Halim headed the company until his death at the age of 60 in 2008. History Wonowidjojo was in his 20s when his uncle offered him a job working with tobacco and sauce at his ''kretek'' factory Cap 93. Cap 93 was one of the most famous ''kretek'' brands in East Java. Hard work and diligence were rewarded by promotion to Head of Tobacco and Sauce and eventually led to Wonowidjojo be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bentoel Group
PT Bentoel Internasional Investama Tbk, commonly known as Bentoel Group, is an Indonesian tobacco company. It is the second-largest in the year of establishment and fourth-largest tobacco firm in Indonesia after Sampoerna, Gudang Garam and Djarum in terms of market share. In 2009, London-based British American Tobacco, the world's second-largest tobacco company, acquired a 99.74% stake in Bentoel. In early 2010, the company was merged with PT BAT Indonesia Tbk, with Bentoel continued to operate as the survived entity; however Bentoel had revive the BAT Indonesia name ever since. Headquartered in Jakarta with the manufacturing plant located in Malang, it has the local brands include Bentoel Biru, Bentoel SJT, Ardath, Tali Jagat and Star Mild. It also manufactures international brands such as Lucky Strike and Dunhill. History Ong Hok Liong (born 12 August 1893) worked in his father's tobacco trading company in Bojonegoro, East Java, but his propensity for gambling prompted h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Djarum
PT Djarum (, literally "needle") is an Indonesian '' kretek'' (clove cigarette) brand/manufacturer founded on 21 April 1951 by Oei Wie Gwan in Kudus, Central Java. It produces dozens of domestic and international brands. Djarum Black, Super and L.A. Lights are among the most popular products of Djarum. The company owns the PB Djarum, a professional badminton club, Djarum is main sponsor of the Liga 1, Indonesia's top football league from 2005 to 2011 and also owns italian football club Como 1907. Under its direct parent PT Dwimuria Investama Andalan (also known as Djarum Group), it has non-cigarette business lines in technology, banking and beverages. History In 1951, Oei Wie Gwan, an ethnic Chinese businessman, bought a nearly defunct cigarette company in Kudus, Central Java known as NV Murup. The brand was called ''Djarum Gramofon'' which means ' gramophone needle'; he shortened it to ''Djarum'' (current spelling: ''jarum'') which means needle. The company's first brand wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sampoerna
PT Hanjaya Mandala Sampoerna Tbk, commonly known as Sampoerna (), is an Indonesian tobacco company owned by Philip Morris International. Sampoerna is the largest tobacco company in Indonesia. It produces clove cigarettes, otherwise locally known as ''kretek'' cigarettes. A typical brand is Sampoerna 'A' Mild, a filter cigarette in white paper. History In the 1930s, Liem Seeng Tee (Lin Shengdi) adopted the Indonesian name Sampoerna (in Dutch spelling, cf. sempurna) meaning "perfection" as his family name, thus becoming the company's namesake. Sampoerna began producing Dji Sam Soe in 1913 in Soerabaia, East Java. Following Seeng Tee's death in 1956, his two daughters took over the running of the company, while his two sons ran separate tobacco-related businesses. The daughters shifted the company's focus toward white cigarettes, which nearly caused bankruptcy for Sampoerna. Youngest son Liem Swie Ling, who ran a kretek factory in Bali, returned to Surabaya in 1959 to rescue the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Djarum Black
Djarum Black (stylised as DJARUM BL∆CK) is an Indonesian brand of clove cigarettes and cigars, currently owned and manufactured by Djarum. History It is sold in a stretched pack, two cigarettes wide and ten cigarettes long. The cigarette itself is black, flavored paper. The cigarette features a clove flavor both in scent and taste, and the paper has a sweet taste. It is made with natural Indonesian tobacco, and is widely distributed throughout the world. Legal status in the United States A federal law passed in the United States in 2009 has made it illegal for tobacco shops and stores to carry cigarettes that contain flavors other than menthol. The law affects the Djarum Black cigarette brand and has made it unavailable for purchase within the United States. Now to purchase any type of kretek it must be classified as a cigar. The current Djarum Black cloves are now rolled in tobacco paper. As of 2010, in the United States Djarum Blacks are available again in smaller 12-pack ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clove
Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, ''Syzygium aromaticum'' (). They are native to the Maluku Islands (or Moluccas) in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice, flavoring or fragrance in consumer products, such as toothpaste, soaps, or cosmetics. Cloves are available throughout the year owing to different harvest seasons across various countries. Etymology The word ''clove'', first used in English in the 15th century, derives via Middle English ''clow of gilofer'', Anglo-French ''clowes de gilofre'' and Old French ''clou de girofle'', from the Latin word ''clavus'' "nail". The related English word ''gillyflower'', originally meaning "clove", derives via said Old French ''girofle'' and Latin ''caryophyllon'', from the Greek ''karyophyllon'' "clove", literally "nut leaf". Botanical features The clove tree is an evergreen that grows up to tall, with large leaves and crimson flowers grouped in terminal clusters. The flower buds initiall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini. It also completely enclaves the country Lesotho. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World, and the second-most populous country located entirely south of the equator, after Tanzania. South Africa is a biodiversity hotspot, with unique biomes, plant and animal life. With over 60 million people, the country is the world's 24th-most populous nation and covers an area of . South Africa has three capital cities, with the executive, judicial and legislative branches of government based in Pretoria, Bloemfontein, and Cape Town respectively. The largest city is Johannesburg. About 80% of the population are Black Sou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion of a single continent called Americas, America. South America is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. The continent generally includes twelve sovereign states: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela; two dependent territory, dependent territories: the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; and one administrative division, internal territory: French Guiana. In addition, the ABC islands (Leeward Antilles), ABC islands of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Ascension Island (dependency of Saint Helena, Asce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tar (tobacco Residue)
Tar is the name for the resinous, combusted particulate matter made by the burning of tobacco and other plant material in the act of smoking. Tar is toxic and damages the smoker's lungs over time through various biochemical and mechanical processes. Tar also damages the mouth by rotting and blackening teeth, damaging gums, and desensitizing taste buds. Tar includes the majority of mutagenic and carcinogenic agents in tobacco smoke. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), for example, are genotoxic and epoxidative. Cigarette companies in the United States, when prompted to give tar/ nicotine ratings for cigarettes, usually use "tar", in quotation marks, to indicate that it is not the road surface component. Tar is occasionally referred to as an acronym for ''total aerosol residue'', a backronym coined in the mid-1960s. Tar, when in the lungs, coats the cilia causing them to stop working and eventually die, causing conditions such as lung cancer as the toxic particles in tob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicotine
Nicotine is a naturally produced alkaloid in the nightshade family of plants (most predominantly in tobacco and '' Duboisia hopwoodii'') and is widely used recreationally as a stimulant and anxiolytic. As a pharmaceutical drug, it is used for smoking cessation to relieve withdrawal symptoms. Nicotine acts as a receptor agonist at most nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), except at two nicotinic receptor subunits ( nAChRα9 and nAChRα10) where it acts as a receptor antagonist. Nicotine constitutes approximately 0.6–3.0% of the dry weight of tobacco. Nicotine is also present at ppb-concentrations in edible plants in the family Solanaceae, including potatoes, tomatoes, and eggplants, though sources disagree on whether this has any biological significance to human consumers. It functions as an antiherbivore toxin; consequently, nicotine was widely used as an insecticide in the past, and neonicotinoids (structurally similar to nicotine), such as imidaclopri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
