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Indium(III) Hydroxide
Indium(III) hydroxide is the chemical compound with the formula In(OH)3. Its prime use is as a precursor to indium(III) oxide, In2O3. It is sometimes found as the rare mineral dzhalindite. Structure Indium(III) hydroxide has a cubic structure, space group Im3, a distorted ReO3 structure. Preparation and reactions Neutralizing a solution containing an In3+ salt such as indium nitrate (In(NO3)3) or a solution of indium trichloride (InCl3) gives a white precipitate that on aging forms indium(III) hydroxide. A thermal decomposition of freshly prepared In(OH)3 shows the first step is the conversion of In(OH)3xH2O to cubic indium(III) hydroxide. The precipitation of indium hydroxide was a step in the separation of indium from zincblende ore by Reich and Richter, the discoverers of indium. Indium(III) hydroxide is amphoteric, like gallium(III) hydroxide (Ga(OH)3) and aluminium hydroxide Aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3, is found in nature as the mineral gibbsite (also known as hydrar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemical Compound
A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds. A molecule consisting of atoms of only one element is therefore not a compound. A compound can be transformed into a different substance by a chemical reaction, which may involve interactions with other substances. In this process, bonds between atoms may be broken and/or new bonds formed. There are four major types of compounds, distinguished by how the constituent atoms are bonded together. Molecular compounds are held together by covalent bonds; ionic compounds are held together by ionic bonds; intermetallic compounds are held together by metallic bonds; coordination complexes are held together by coordinate covalent bonds. Non-stoichiometric compounds form a disputed marginal case. A chemical formula specifies the number of atoms of each element in a compound molecule, using the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indium(III) Oxide
Indium(III) oxide ( In2 O3) is a chemical compound, an amphoteric oxide of indium. Physical properties Crystal structure Amorphous indium oxide is insoluble in water but soluble in acids, whereas crystalline indium oxide is insoluble in both water and acids. The crystalline form exists in two phases, the cubic (bixbyite type) and rhombohedral ( corundum type). Both phases have a band gap of about 3 eV. The parameters of the cubic phase are listed in the infobox. The rhombohedral phase is produced at high temperatures and pressures or when using non-equilibrium growth methods. It has a space group Rc No. 167, Pearson symbol hR30, a = 0.5487 nm, b = 0.5487 nm, c = 1.4510 nm, Z = 6 and calculated density 7.31 g/cm3. Conductivity and magnetism Thin films of chromium- doped indium oxide (In2−xCrxO3) are a magnetic semiconductor displaying high-temperature ferromagnetism, single-phase crystal structure, and semiconductor behavior with high concentration of charge car ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dzhalindite
Dzhalindite is a rare indium hydroxide mineral discovered in Siberia. Its chemical formula is In(OH)3. It was first described in 1963 for an occurrence in the Dzhalinda tin deposit, Malyi Khingan Range, Khabarovskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia. It has also been reported from Mount Pleasant, New Brunswick, Canada; the Flambeau mine, Ladysmith, Rusk County, Wisconsin, US; in the Mangabeira tin deposit, Goiás, Brazil; Attica, mines of the Lavrion District, Greece; Erzgebirge, Saxony, Germany; the Krušné Hory Mountains of Bohemia, Czech Republic; the Chubu Region, Honshu Island, Japan; and the Arashan Massif of Tashkent, Uzbekistan Uzbekistan (, ; uz, Ozbekiston, italic=yes / , ; russian: Узбекистан), officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( uz, Ozbekiston Respublikasi, italic=yes / ; russian: Республика Узбекистан), is a doubly landlocked cou .... References * Hydroxide minerals Indium minerals Cubic minerals Minerals in space ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhenium Trioxide
Rhenium trioxide or rhenium(VI) oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula ReO3. It is a red solid with a metallic lustre that resembles copper in appearance. It is the only stable trioxide of the Group 7 elements ( Mn, Tc, Re). Preparation and structure Rhenium trioxide can be formed by reducing rhenium(VII) oxide with carbon monoxide at 200 °C or elemental rhenium at 400 °C. :Re2O7 + CO → 2 ReO3 + CO2 :3 Re2O7 + Re → 7 ReO3 Re2O7 can also be reduced with dioxane. Rhenium trioxide crystallizes with a primitive cubic unit cell, with a lattice parameter of 3.742 Å (374.2 pm). The structure of ReO3 is similar to that of perovskite (ABO3), without the large A cation at the centre of the unit cell. Each rhenium center is surrounded by an octahedron defined by six oxygen centers. These octahedra share corners to form the 3-dimensional structure. The coordination number of O is 2, because each oxygen atom has 2 neighbouring Re atoms., p. 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indium Nitrate
Indium(III) nitrate is a nitrate salt of indium. It reacts with sodium tungstate Sodium tungstate is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2WO4. This white, water-soluble solid is the sodium salt of tungstic acid. It is useful as a source of tungsten for chemical synthesis. It is an intermediate in the conversion of tungs ... to form In(OH)WO4, n(OH)2sub>2WO4, NaInWO4 or In2(WO4)3 depending on pH.Shcherbina, K. G.; Mokhosoev, M. V.; Gruba, A. I. Reaction of aluminum and indium nitrates with sodium tungstate in hot solutions n Russian ''Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii'', 1974. 19 (2): 396-399. . References {{inorganic-compound-stub Indium compounds Nitrates ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indium Trichloride
Indium(III) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula Indium, InChlorine, Cl3. This salt (chemistry), salt is a white, flaky solid with applications in organic synthesis as a Lewis acid. It is also the most available soluble derivative of indium. Synthesis and structure Being a relatively electropositive metal, indium reacts quickly with chlorine to give the trichloride. Indium trichloride is very soluble and deliquescent. A synthesis has been reported using an electrochemical cell in a mixed methanol-benzene solution. Like Aluminium chloride, AlCl3 and Titanium(III) chloride, TlCl3, InCl3 crystallizes as a layered structure consisting of a close-packed chloride arrangement containing layers of octahedral coordination geometry, octahedrally coordinated In(III) centers,Egon Wiberg, Arnold Frederick Holleman (2001) ''Inorganic Chemistry'', Elsevier a structure akin to that seen in Yttrium(III) chloride, YCl3.Wells, A.F. Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermal Decomposition
Thermal decomposition, or thermolysis, is a chemical decomposition caused by heat. The decomposition temperature of a substance is the temperature at which the substance chemically decomposes. The reaction is usually endothermic as heat is required to break chemical bonds in the compound undergoing decomposition. If decomposition is sufficiently exothermic, a positive feedback loop is created producing thermal runaway and possibly an explosion or other chemical reaction. Decomposition temperature definition A simple substance (like water) may exist in equilibrium with its thermal decomposition products, effectively halting the decomposition. The equilibrium fraction of decomposed molecules increases with the temperature. Examples * Calcium carbonate (limestone or chalk) decomposes into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide when heated. The chemical reaction is as follows: ::CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 :The reaction is used to make Calcium oxide, quick lime, which is an industrially impor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zincblende
Sphalerite (sometimes spelled sphaelerite) is a sulfide mineral with the chemical formula . It is the most important ore of zinc. Sphalerite is found in a variety of deposit types, but it is primarily in sedimentary exhalative, Mississippi-Valley type, and volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits. It is found in association with galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite (and other sulfides), calcite, dolomite, quartz, rhodochrosite, and fluorite. German geologist Ernst Friedrich Glocker discovered sphalerite in 1847, naming it based on the Greek word ''sphaleros'', meaning "deceiving", due to the difficulty of identifying the mineral. In addition to zinc, sphalerite is an ore of cadmium, gallium, germanium, and indium. Miners have been known to refer to sphalerite as ''zinc blende'', ''black-jack'', and ''ruby blende''. Marmatite is an opaque black variety with a high iron content. Crystal habit and structure Sphalerite crystallizes in the face-centered cubic zincblende crystal structur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferdinand Reich
Ferdinand Reich (19 February 1799 – 27 April 1882) was a German chemist who co-discovered indium in 1863 with Hieronymous Theodor Richter. Reich was born in Bernburg and died in Freiberg. He was color blind, or could only see in whites and blacks, and that is why Theodor Richter became his science partner. Richter would examine the colors produced in reactions that they studied. Reich and Richter ended up isolating the indium, creating a small supply, although it was later found in more regions. They isolated the indium at the Freiberg University of Mining and Technology The Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg (abbreviation: TU Bergakademie Freiberg, TUBAF) is a public university of technology with currently 3655 students in the city of Freiberg, Saxony, Germany. Its focus is on exploration, mining & ... in Germany. Further reading * * * - subscription required 19th-century German chemists 1799 births 1882 deaths Discoverers of chemical elements ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hieronymous Theodor Richter
Hieronymus Theodor Richter (21 November 1824 – 25 September 1898) was a German chemist. He was born in Dresden. In 1863, while working at the Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, he co-discovered indium with Ferdinand Reich. He was also a member of the student fraternity " Corps Saxo-Borussia Freiberg". In 1875, he became the director of the Mining Academy in Freiberg.Asimov, ''Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology'' 2nd Revised edition He died September 25, 1898, in Freiberg, Saxony Freiberg is a university and former mining town in Saxony, Germany. It is a so-called ''Große Kreisstadt'' (large county town) and the administrative centre of Mittelsachsen district. Its historic town centre has been placed under heritage ..., at the age of 73. References * * 19th-century German chemists 1824 births 1898 deaths Discoverers of chemical elements Freiberg University of Mining and Technology faculty Indium Scientists from Dresden [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphoteric
In chemistry, an amphoteric compound () is a molecule or ion that can react both as an acid and as a base. What exactly this can mean depends on which definitions of acids and bases are being used. One type of amphoteric species are amphiprotic molecules, which can either donate or accept a proton (). This is what "amphoteric" means in Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory. Examples include amino acids and proteins, which have amine () and carboxylic acid () groups, and self-ionizable compounds such as water. Ampholytes are amphoteric molecules that contain both acidic and basic functional groups. For example, an amino acid has both a basic group and an acidic group , and exists as several structures in chemical equilibrium: :H2N-RCH-CO2H + H2O H2N-RCH-COO- + H3O+ H3N+-RCH-COOH + OH- H3N+-RCH-COO- + H2O In approximately neutral aqueous solution (pH ≅ 7), the basic amino group is mostly protonated and the carboxylic acid is mostly deprotonated, so that the predominant spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gallium(III) Hydroxide
Gallium hydroxide, Ga(OH)3 is formed as a gel following the addition of ammonia to Ga3+ salts.Anthony John Downs, (1993), ''Chemistry of Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, and Thallium'', Springer, It is also found in nature as the rare mineral söhngeite which is reported to contain octahedrally coordinated gallium atoms Crystal Structure of a new mineral söhngeite, J.D. Scott, The American Mineralogist, (1971), 56, 355 Gallium hydroxide is amphoteric. In strongly acidic conditions, the gallium ion An ion () is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by conven ..., Ga3+ is formed. In strongly basic conditions, Ga(OH)4− is formed. Salts of Ga(OH)4− are sometimes called gallates. References Hydroxides Gallium compounds {{inorganic-compound-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
