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Immunoglobulin Domain
The immunoglobulin domain, also known as the immunoglobulin fold, is a type of protein domain that consists of a 2-layer sandwich of 7-9 antiparallel β-strands arranged in two β-sheets with a Greek key topology, consisting of about 125 amino acids. The backbone switches repeatedly between the two β-sheets. Typically, the pattern is (N-terminal β-hairpin in sheet 1)-(β-hairpin in sheet 2)-(β-strand in sheet 1)-(C-terminal β-hairpin in sheet 2). The cross-overs between sheets form an "X", so that the N- and C-terminal hairpins are facing each other. Members of the immunoglobulin superfamily are found in hundreds of proteins of different functions. Examples include antibodies, the giant muscle kinase titin, and receptor tyrosine kinases. Immunoglobulin-like domains may be involved in protein–protein and protein–ligand interactions. Examples Human genes encoding proteins containing the immunoglobulin domain include: * A1BG * ACAM * ADAMTSL1 * ADAMTSL3 * AGER ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein Domain
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of several domains, and a domain may appear in a variety of different proteins. Molecular evolution uses domains as building blocks and these may be recombined in different arrangements to create proteins with different functions. In general, domains vary in length from between about 50 amino acids up to 250 amino acids in length. The shortest domains, such as zinc fingers, are stabilized by metal ions or disulfide bridges. Domains often form functional units, such as the calcium-binding EF hand domain of calmodulin. Because they are independently stable, domains can be "swapped" by genetic engineering between one protein and another to make chimeric proteins. Background The concept of the domain was first proposed in 1973 by Wetlaufer af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basal Cell Adhesion Molecule
Basal cell adhesion molecule, also known as Lutheran antigen, is a plasma membrane glycoprotein that in humans is encoded by the ''BCAM'' gene. BCAM has also recently been designated CD239 (cluster of differentiation 239). Function Lutheran blood group glycoprotein is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and a receptor for the extracellular matrix protein, laminin. The protein contains five, N-terminus, extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a single transmembrane domain, and a short, C-terminal cytoplasmic tail. This protein may play a role in epithelial cell cancer and in vaso-occlusion of red blood cells in sickle cell disease. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Interactions BCAM has been shown to interact with Laminin, alpha 5 Laminin subunit alpha-5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LAMA5'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CEACAM1
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (biliary glycoprotein) (CEACAM1) also known as CD66a (Cluster of Differentiation 66a), is a human glycoprotein, and a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family. Function This gene encodes a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family, which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Two subgroups of the CEA family, the CEA cell adhesion molecules and the pregnancy-specific glycoproteins, are located within a 1.2 Mb cluster on the long arm of chromosome 19. Eleven pseudogenes of the CEA cell adhesion molecule subgroup are also found in the cluster. The encoded protein was originally described in bile ducts of liver as biliary glycoprotein. Subsequently, it was found to be a cell–cell adhesion molecule detected on leukocytes, epithelia, and endothelia. The encoded protein mediates cell adhesion via homophilic as well as heterophilic binding to other proteins of the subgroup. Multiple cellular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CDON
Cell adhesion molecule-related/down-regulated by oncogenes is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CDON'' gene. CDON and BOC are cell surface receptors of the immunoglobulin (Ig)/fibronectin type III ( FNIII) repeat family involved in myogenic differentiation. CDON and BOC are coexpressed during development, form complexes with each other in a cis fashion, and are related to each other in their ectodomains, but each has a unique long cytoplasmic tail. Structure and function Cell adhesion molecule-related/down-regulated by oncogenes (CDON) is a conserved transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to a subgroup of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules. It is highly expressed in both the somites and dorsal lips of the neural tube of embryonic day 8.5 mice. It is expressed in proliferating and differentiating myoblast cell lines, there is evidence showing its role in mediating the effects of cell–cell interactions between muscle precursors that are critical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CD33
CD33 or Siglec-3 (sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 3, SIGLEC3, SIGLEC-3, gp67, p67) is a transmembrane receptor expressed on cells of myeloid lineage. It is usually considered myeloid-specific, but it can also be found on some lymphoid cells. It binds sialic acids, therefore is a member of the SIGLEC family of lectins. Structure The extracellular portion of this receptor contains two immunoglobulin domains (one IgV and one IgC2 domain), placing CD33 within the immunoglobulin superfamily. The intracellular portion of CD33 contains immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) that are implicated in inhibition of cellular activity. Function CD33 can be stimulated by any molecule with sialic acid residues such as glycoproteins or glycolipids. Upon binding, the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) of CD33, present on the cytosolic portion of the protein, is phosphorylated and acts as a docking site for Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing protei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CD276
Cluster of Differentiation 276 (CD276) or B7 Homolog 3 (B7-H3) is a human protein encoded by the gene. Structure B7-H3 is a 316 amino acid-long type I transmembrane protein, existing in two isoforms determined by its extracellular domain. In mice, the extracellular domain consists of a single pair of immunoglobulin variable (IgV)-like and immunoglobulin constant (IgC)-like domains, whereas in humans it consists of one pair (2Ig-B7-H3) or two identical pairs (4Ig-B7-H3) due to exon duplication. B7-H3 mRNA is expressed in most normal tissues. In contrast, B7-H3 protein has a very limited expression on normal tissues because of its post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs. However, B7-H3 protein is expressed at high frequency on many different cancer types (60% of all cancers). Function In non-malignant tissues, B7-H3 has a predominantly inhibitory role in adaptive immunity, suppressing T cell activation and proliferation. In malignant tissues, B7-H3 is an immune checkp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CD22
CD22, or cluster of differentiation-22, is a molecule belonging to the SIGLEC family of lectins. It is found on the surface of mature B cells and to a lesser extent on some immature B cells. Generally speaking, CD22 is a regulatory molecule that prevents the overactivation of the immune system and the development of autoimmune diseases. CD22 is a sugar binding transmembrane protein, which specifically binds sialic acid with an immunoglobulin (Ig) domain located at its N-terminus. The presence of Ig domains makes CD22 a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. CD22 functions as an inhibitory receptor for B cell receptor (BCR) signaling. It is also involved in the B cell trafficking to Peyer's patches in mice. In mice, it has been shown that CD22 blockade restores homeostatic microglial phagocytosis in aging brains. Structure CD22 is a transmembrane protein with a molecular weight of 140 kDa. The extracellular part of CD22 consists of seven immunoglobulin domains and the int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CD200
OX-2 membrane glycoprotein, also named CD200 (Cluster of Differentiation 200) is a human protein encoded by the gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a type-1 membrane glycoprotein, which contains two immunoglobulin domains, and thus belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Studies of the related genes in mouse and rat suggest that this gene may regulate myeloid cell activity and delivers an inhibitory signal for the macrophage lineage in diverse tissues. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been found for this gene. See also * Cluster of differentiation The cluster of differentiation (also known as cluster of designation or classification determinant and often abbreviated as CD) is a protocol used for the identification and investigation of cell surface molecules providing targets for immunophen ... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * * * Clusters of differentiation [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CADM3
Cell adhesion molecule 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CADM3'' gene. IGSF4B is a brain-specific protein related to the calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion molecules known as nectin Nectins and Nectin-like molecules (Necl) are families of cellular adhesion molecules involved in Ca2+-independent cellular adhesion. Nectins are ubiquitously expressed and have adhesive roles in a wide range of tissues such as the adherens ju ...s (see PVRL3; MIM 607147) (Kakunaga et al., 2005). References External links * Further reading * * * * * * * * * * {{protein-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cell Adhesion Molecule 1
Cell adhesion molecule 1 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ''CADM1'' gene. Model organisms Model organisms have been used in the study of CADM1 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called ''Cadm1tm1.2Brd'' was generated. Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty six tests were carried out on homozygous mutant mice and one significant abnormality was observed: males were infertile. Further analysis showed spermatogenesis had arrested in these mice. Interactions Cell adhesion molecule 1 has been shown to interact with EPB41L3. Association studies Genome-wide association studies identified an association between body mass index and two loci near the ''CADM1'' and ''CADM2'' gene. Experimental results of another study showed that obese mice had an over expression of both ''CADM1'' and ''CADM2'' genes, and that loss of ''CADM1'' protected mice from obesity, promoting a negative energy bal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C20orf102
C, or c, is the third letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''cee'' (pronounced ), plural ''cees''. History "C" comes from the same letter as "G". The Semites named it gimel. The sign is possibly adapted from an Egyptian hieroglyph for a staff sling, which may have been the meaning of the name ''gimel''. Another possibility is that it depicted a camel, the Semitic name for which was ''gamal''. Barry B. Powell, a specialist in the history of writing, states "It is hard to imagine how gimel = "camel" can be derived from the picture of a camel (it may show his hump, or his head and neck!)". In the Etruscan language, plosive consonants had no contrastive voicing, so the Greek ' Γ' (Gamma) was adopted into the Etruscan alphabet to represent . Already in the Western Greek alphabet, Gamma first took a '' form in Early Etruscan, then '' in Classical E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C10orf72
C1, C01, C.I or C-1 may refer to: Arts and media * C1, a note-octave in music * C1 Television, a Mongolian television channel * Schecter C-1 Hellraiser FR, a guitar model * A Yamaha grand piano model * "C1", a slang expression in the video game ''Counter-Strike'', used to express agreement Biology and medicine Anatomy * Cervical vertebra 1, the first cervical vertebrae of the vertebral column * Cervical spinal nerve 1, a spinal nerve of the cervical segment Biochemistry * C1 complex, the first component of the classical complement pathway * C1 domain, an important secondary messenger protein domain * C1-inhibitor, a human serine protease inhibitor * C1 regulatory sequence for the insulin gene * Apolipoprotein C1, a human lipoprotein * Chlorophyll c1, a form of chlorophyll * Cytochrome C1, a precursor protein to Cytochrome C * Proanthocyanidin C1, a type of polyphenolic compound * Prostaglandin C1, a form of prostaglandins Other uses in biology and medicine * C1 and P1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
