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Ichnovirus
''Ichnovirus'' is a genus of viruses, in the family ''Polydnaviridae''. Parasitoid wasps serve as hosts, and these wasps are themselves parasitoids of Lepidoptera. There are 21 species in this genus. Taxonomy The genus contains the following 21 species: *'' Campoletis aprilis ichnovirus'' *'' Campoletis flavicincta ichnovirus'' *'' Campoletis sonorensis ichnovirus'' *'' Casinaria arjuna ichnovirus'' *'' Casinaria forcipata ichnovirus'' *'' Casinaria infesta ichnovirus'' *'' Diadegma acronyctae ichnovirus'' *'' Diadegma interruptum ichnovirus'' *'' Diadegma terebrans ichnovirus'' *'' Enytus montanus ichnovirus'' *'' Eriborus terebrans ichnovirus'' *'' Glypta fumiferanae ichnovirus'' *'' Hyposoter annulipes ichnovirus'' *'' Hyposoter exiguae ichnovirus'' *''Hyposoter fugitivus ichnovirus'' *''Hyposoter lymantriae ichnovirus'' *''Hyposoter pilosulus ichnovirus'' *''Hyposoter rivalis ichnovirus'' *''Olesicampe benefactor ichnovirus'' *''Olesicampe geniculatae ichnovirus'' *'' Synet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polydnaviridae
A polydnavirus (PDV) is a member of the family ''Polydnaviridae'' of insect viruses. There are two genera in the family: ''Bracovirus'' and ''Ichnovirus''. Polydnaviruses form a symbiotic relationship with parasitoid wasps; (ichnoviruses (IV) occur in ichneumonid wasps and bracoviruses (BV) in braconid wasps). The larvae of wasps in both of those groups are themselves parasitic on Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies), and the polydnaviruses are important in circumventing the immune response of their parasitized hosts. Little or no sequence homology exists between BV and IV, suggesting that the two genera have been evolving independently for a long time. Taxonomy The genus contains the following genera: * ''Bracovirus'' * ''Ichnovirus'' Structure Viruses in ''Polydnaviridae'' are enveloped, with prolate ellipsoid and cylindrical geometries. Genomes are circular and segmented, composed of multiple segments of double-stranded, superhelical DNA packaged in capsid proteins. They ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banchinae
Banchinae is a subfamily of ichneumonid parasitoid wasps containing about 1,500 species; the genera '' Glypta'' and '' Lissonota'' are very large. The three tribes ( Banchini, Glyptini and Atrophini) are all distributed worldwide. In older treatments, the Lycorininae, Neorhacodinae and Stilbopinae are often included in the Banchinae; newer works usually consider them separate families. All banchines are koinobiont endoparasites of Lepidoptera. The Glyptini parasitise Tortricoidea. Atrophini parasitise a wider range of small moths. Species of ''Lissonota'' have long ovipositors able to reach deep wood-boring Lepidoptera such as Cossidae. Banchinae and Campopleginae are the only subfamilies of Ichneumonidae known to have polydnaviruses. Most Banchinae have a stalked diamond-shaped areolet. A lobe of the propodeum projects over the middle coxae. The propodeum has few ridges (carinae), and the face is described as goat-like. Genera These 47 genera belong to the subfamily ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viruses
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898,Dimmock p. 4 more than 9,000 virus species have been described in detail of the millions of types of viruses in the environment. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity. The study of viruses is known as virology, a subspeciality of microbiology. When infected, a host cell is often forced to rapidly produce thousands of copies of the original virus. When not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent particles, or ''virions'', consisting of (i) the genetic material, i.e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera ( ) is an order (biology), order of insects that includes butterfly, butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans). About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera are described, in 126 Family (biology), families and 46 Taxonomic rank, superfamilies, 10 percent of the total described species of living organisms. It is one of the most widespread and widely recognizable insect orders in the world. The Lepidoptera show many variations of the basic body structure that have evolved to gain advantages in lifestyle and distribution. Recent estimates suggest the order may have more species than earlier thought, and is among the four most wikt:speciose, speciose orders, along with the Hymenoptera, fly, Diptera, and beetle, Coleoptera. Lepidopteran species are characterized by more than three derived features. The most apparent is the presence of scale (anatomy), scales that cover the torso, bodies, wings, and a proboscis. The scales are modified, flattened "hairs", and give ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Campopleginae
Campopleginae is a large subfamily of the parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae with a world-wide distribution. Species in this subfamily have been used in the biological control of the alfalfa weevil, clover weevil, various species of ''Heliothis'', oriental army worm, European corn borer, larch sawfly, and others. Description and diversity Campopleginae is one of the most commonly encountered subfamilies of Ichneumonidae and contains 65 genera. Many of the genera are poorly defined and difficult to identify. Campoplegines are small, slender, black and brown insects with a laterally compressed abdomen. The clypeus is confluent with the rest of the face. Many species produce black and white cocoons. Biology Campoplegines are koinobiont endoparasitoids mainly of Lepidoptera and Symphyta but also of Coleoptera and Raphidiidae. Most attack weakly concealed larval hosts in early instars. Most species are solitary, but a few may be gregarious, with multiple parasitoid larvae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olesicampe Geniculatae Ichnovirus
''Olesicampe'' is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae The Ichneumonidae, also known as the ichneumon wasps, Darwin wasps, or ichneumonids, are a family (biology), family of parasitoid wasps of the insect order Hymenoptera. They are one of the most diverse groups within the Hymenoptera with roughly 2 .... There are at least 130 described species in ''Olesicampe''. See also * List of Olesicampe species References Further reading * * External links * Campopleginae {{ichneumonidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olesicampe Benefactor Ichnovirus
''Olesicampe'' is a genus of ichneumon wasps in the family Ichneumonidae. There are at least 130 described species in ''Olesicampe''. See also * List of Olesicampe species References Further reading * * External links * Campopleginae {{ichneumonidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyposoter Rivalis Ichnovirus
''Hyposoter'' is a large cosmopolitan genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Selected species * '' Hyposoter affinis'' (Cresson, 1864) * ''Hyposoter albicans'' (Brischke, 1880) * '' Hyposoter didymator'' (Thunberg, 1822) * '' Hyposoter dimidiatus'' (Ashmead, 1894) * '' Hyposoter discedens'' (Schmiedeknecht, 1909) * '' Hyposoter disippi'' (Viereck, 1925) * '' Hyposoter distriangulum'' Chen, Huang & Hsu, 2017 * '' Hyposoter dolosus'' (Gravenhorst, 1829) * '' Hyposoter ebeninus'' (Gravenhorst, 1829) * '' Hyposoter ebenitor'' Aubert, 1972 * '' Hyposoter erythrinus'' (Viereck, 1925) * '' Hyposoter exiguae'' (Viereck, 1912) * '' Hyposoter fitchii'' (Bridgman, 1881) * '' Hyposoter formosanus'' (Uchida, 1932) * ''Hyposoter forticarinatus'' (Cameron, 1906) * '' Hyposoter frigidus'' (Lundbeck, 1897) * '' Hyposoter fugitivus'' (Say, 1835) * '' Hyposoter fuscitarsus'' (Viereck, 1925) * ''Hyposoter galvestonensis'' (Viereck, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyposoter Pilosulus Ichnovirus
''Hyposoter'' is a large cosmopolitan genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Selected species * '' Hyposoter affinis'' (Cresson, 1864) * ''Hyposoter albicans'' (Brischke, 1880) * '' Hyposoter didymator'' (Thunberg, 1822) * '' Hyposoter dimidiatus'' (Ashmead, 1894) * '' Hyposoter discedens'' (Schmiedeknecht, 1909) * '' Hyposoter disippi'' (Viereck, 1925) * '' Hyposoter distriangulum'' Chen, Huang & Hsu, 2017 * '' Hyposoter dolosus'' (Gravenhorst, 1829) * '' Hyposoter ebeninus'' (Gravenhorst, 1829) * '' Hyposoter ebenitor'' Aubert, 1972 * '' Hyposoter erythrinus'' (Viereck, 1925) * '' Hyposoter exiguae'' (Viereck, 1912) * '' Hyposoter fitchii'' (Bridgman, 1881) * '' Hyposoter formosanus'' (Uchida, 1932) * ''Hyposoter forticarinatus'' (Cameron, 1906) * '' Hyposoter frigidus'' (Lundbeck, 1897) * '' Hyposoter fugitivus'' (Say, 1835) * '' Hyposoter fuscitarsus'' (Viereck, 1925) * ''Hyposoter galvestonensis'' (Viereck, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyposoter Lymantriae Ichnovirus
''Hyposoter'' is a large cosmopolitan genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Selected species * '' Hyposoter affinis'' (Cresson, 1864) * ''Hyposoter albicans'' (Brischke, 1880) * '' Hyposoter didymator'' (Thunberg, 1822) * '' Hyposoter dimidiatus'' (Ashmead, 1894) * '' Hyposoter discedens'' (Schmiedeknecht, 1909) * '' Hyposoter disippi'' (Viereck, 1925) * '' Hyposoter distriangulum'' Chen, Huang & Hsu, 2017 * '' Hyposoter dolosus'' (Gravenhorst, 1829) * '' Hyposoter ebeninus'' (Gravenhorst, 1829) * '' Hyposoter ebenitor'' Aubert, 1972 * '' Hyposoter erythrinus'' (Viereck, 1925) * '' Hyposoter exiguae'' (Viereck, 1912) * '' Hyposoter fitchii'' (Bridgman, 1881) * '' Hyposoter formosanus'' (Uchida, 1932) * ''Hyposoter forticarinatus'' (Cameron, 1906) * '' Hyposoter frigidus'' (Lundbeck, 1897) * '' Hyposoter fugitivus'' (Say, 1835) * '' Hyposoter fuscitarsus'' (Viereck, 1925) * ''Hyposoter galvestonensis'' (Viereck, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyposoter Fugitivus Ichnovirus
''Hyposoter'' is a large cosmopolitan genus of parasitoid wasps belonging to the family Ichneumonidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Selected species * '' Hyposoter affinis'' (Cresson, 1864) * ''Hyposoter albicans'' (Brischke, 1880) * '' Hyposoter didymator'' (Thunberg, 1822) * '' Hyposoter dimidiatus'' (Ashmead, 1894) * '' Hyposoter discedens'' (Schmiedeknecht, 1909) * '' Hyposoter disippi'' (Viereck, 1925) * '' Hyposoter distriangulum'' Chen, Huang & Hsu, 2017 * '' Hyposoter dolosus'' (Gravenhorst, 1829) * '' Hyposoter ebeninus'' (Gravenhorst, 1829) * '' Hyposoter ebenitor'' Aubert, 1972 * '' Hyposoter erythrinus'' (Viereck, 1925) * '' Hyposoter exiguae'' (Viereck, 1912) * '' Hyposoter fitchii'' (Bridgman, 1881) * '' Hyposoter formosanus'' (Uchida, 1932) * ''Hyposoter forticarinatus'' (Cameron, 1906) * '' Hyposoter frigidus'' (Lundbeck, 1897) * '' Hyposoter fugitivus'' (Say, 1835) * '' Hyposoter fuscitarsus'' (Viereck, 1925) * ''Hyposoter galvestonensis'' (Viereck, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
