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Human Herpesvirus
''Herpesviridae'' is a large family of DNA viruses that cause infections and certain diseases in animals, including humans. The members of this family are also known as herpesviruses. The family name is derived from the Greek word ''ἕρπειν'' ( 'to creep'), referring to spreading cutaneous lesions, usually involving blisters, seen in flares of herpes simplex 1, herpes simplex 2 and herpes zoster ( shingles). In 1971, the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) established ''Herpesvirus'' as a genus with 23 viruses among four groups. As of 2020, 115 species are recognized, all but one of which are in one of the three subfamilies. Herpesviruses can cause both latent and lytic infections. Nine herpesvirus types are known to primarily infect humans, at least five of which – herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2, also known as HHV-1 and HHV-2; both of which can cause orolabial herpes and genital herpes), varicella zoster virus (or HHV-3; the cause ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family (biology)
Family ( la, familia, plural ') is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". What belongs to a family—or if a described family should be recognized at all—are proposed and determined by practicing taxonomists. There are no hard rules for describing or recognizing a family, but in plants, they can be characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species. Taxonomists often take different positions about descriptions, and there may be no broad consensus across the scientific community for some time. The publishing of new data and opini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the ninth known human herpesvirus; its formal name according to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) is ''Human gammaherpesvirus 8'', or HHV-8 in short. Like other herpesviruses, its informal names are used interchangeably with its formal ICTV name. This virus causes Kaposi's sarcoma, a cancer commonly occurring in AIDS patients, as well as primary effusion lymphoma, HHV-8-associated multicentric Castleman's disease and KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome. It is one of seven currently known human cancer viruses, or oncoviruses. Even after so many years of discovery of KSHV/HHV8, there is no known cure for KSHV associated tumorigenesis. History In 1872, Moritz Kaposi described a blood vessel tumor (originally called "idiopathic multiple pigmented sarcoma of the skin") that has since been eponymously named Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). KS was at first thought to be an uncommon tumor of Jewish and Mediterranean pop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cytomegalovirus
''Cytomegalovirus'' (''CMV'') (from ''cyto-'' 'cell' via Greek - 'container' + 'big, megalo-' + -''virus'' via Latin 'poison') is a genus of viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales'', in the family ''Herpesviridae'', in the subfamily ''Betaherpesvirinae''. Humans and other primates serve as natural hosts. The 11 species in this genus include ''human betaherpesvirus 5'' (HCMV, human cytomegalovirus, HHV-5), which is the species that infects humans. Diseases associated with HHV-5 include mononucleosis and pneumonia. In the medical literature, most mentions of CMV without further specification refer implicitly to human CMV. Human CMV is the most studied of all cytomegaloviruses. MX2/MXB was identified as a restriction factor for herpesviruses, which acts at a very early stage of the replication cycle and MX2/MXB restriction of herpesvirus requires GTPase activity. Taxonomy Within the ''Herpesviridae'', CMV belongs to the ''Betaherpesvirinae'' subfamily, which also includes the g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betaherpesvirinae
''Betaherpesvirinae'' is a subfamily of viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales'' and in the family ''Herpesviridae''. Mammals serve as natural hosts. There are 26 species in this subfamily, divided among 5 genera. Diseases associated with this subfamily include: human cytomegalovirus (HHV-5): congenital CMV infection; HHV-6: 'sixth disease' (also known as ''roseola infantum'' or ''exanthem subitum''); HHV-7: symptoms analogous to the 'sixth disease'. Genera ''Betaherpesvirinae'' consists of the following five genera: * ''Cytomegalovirus'' * ''Muromegalovirus'' * '' Proboscivirus'' * ''Quwivirus'' * ''Roseolovirus'' Structure Viruses in ''Betaherpesvirinae'' are enveloped, with icosahedral, spherical to pleomorphic, and Round geometries, and T=16 symmetry. The diameter is around 150-200 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 140-240kb in length. Life cycle Viral replication is nuclear, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Varicellovirus
''Varicellovirus'' (var′i-sel′ō-vi′rŭs) is a genus of viruses belonging to subfamily ''Alphaherpesvirinae'', a member of family ''Herpesviridae''. Humans and other mammals serve as natural hosts. There are 19 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: HHV-3—chickenpox (varicella) and shingles; BoHV-1—infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV); SuHV-1 (also known as pseudorabies virus)— Aujesky's disease characterized by central nervous system signs (hindleg paralysis, meningoencephalitis), high mortality rates in young animals, and respiratory illness in older pigs. Species The genus consists of the following 19 species: * ''Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1'' * '' Bovine alphaherpesvirus 5'' * '' Bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1'' * '' Canid alphaherpesvirus 1'' * '' Caprine alphaherpesvirus 1'' * '' Cercopithecine alphaherpesvirus 9'' * '' Cervid alphaherpesvirus 1'' * '' Cervid alphaherpesvirus 2'' * '' Cervid alphah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simplexvirus
''Simplexvirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales'', in the family ''Herpesviridae'', in the subfamily ''Alphaherpesvirinae''. Humans and mammals serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with this genus include skin vesicles or mucosal ulcers, rarely encephalitis, and meningitis. Species The following 15 species are assigned to the genus: * '' Ateline alphaherpesvirus 1'' * '' Bovine alphaherpesvirus 2'' * '' Cercopithecine alphaherpesvirus 2'' * ''Human alphaherpesvirus 1'' * '' Human alphaherpesvirus 2'' * '' Leporid alphaherpesvirus 4'' * ''Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1'' * '' Macacine alphaherpesvirus 2'' * '' Macacine alphaherpesvirus 3'' * ''Macropodid alphaherpesvirus 1'' * ''Macropodid alphaherpesvirus 2 ''Macropodid alphaherpesvirus 2'' (MaHV-2) is a species of herpesvirus in the genus ''Simplexvirus''. It was officially accepted as a valid species by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in 2004. Hosts ''Macropodid alphaherpe ... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scutavirus
''Scutavirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales'', in the family ''Herpesviridae'', in the subfamily ''Alphaherpesvirinae''. Turtles and tortoises serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with this genus include fibropapillomatosis. Species The genus consists of the following two species: * ''Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5'' * ''Testudinid alphaherpesvirus 3'' Structure Viruses in ''Scutavirus'' are enveloped, with icosahedral, spherical to pleomorphic, and round geometries, and T=16 symmetry. The diameter is around 150-200 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented. Life cycle Viral replication is nuclear, and is lysogenic Lysogeny, or the lysogenic cycle, is one of two cycles of viral reproduction (the lytic cycle being the other). Lysogeny is characterized by integration of the bacteriophage nucleic acid into the host bacterium's genome or formation of a circul .... Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral gB, gC, gD ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mardivirus
''Mardivirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales'', in the family ''Herpesviridae'', in the subfamily ''Alphaherpesvirinae''. Chickens, turkeys, and quail serve as natural hosts. There are six species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: Marek's disease, which causes asymmetric paralysis of one or more limbs, neurological symptoms, and development of multiple lymphomas that manifest as solid tumors. ''Gallid herpesvirus 2'' (also known as Marek's disease virus) is the only one of these viruses known to be pathogenic and due to the antigenic similarity between the three viruses the other two have been used to vaccinate against Marek's disease. These viruses have double stranded DNA genomes with no RNA intermediate. Species The genus consists of the following six species: * ''Anatid alphaherpesvirus 1'' * ''Columbid alphaherpesvirus 1'' * ''Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2'' * ''Gallid alphaherpesvirus 3'' * ''Meleagrid alphaherpesvirus 1'' * ''S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iltovirus
''Iltovirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales'', in the family ''Herpesviridae'', in the subfamily ''Alphaherpesvirinae''. Birds, galliform birds, psittacine birds, chickens, turkeys, and quail Quail is a collective name for several genera of mid-sized birds generally placed in the order Galliformes. The collective noun for a group of quail is a flock, covey, or bevy. Old World quail are placed in the family Phasianidae, and New Wor ... serve as natural hosts. There are only two species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: acute respiratory diseases: gaHV-1: infectious laryngotracheitis; psHV-1: Pacheco's disease. Species The genus consists of the following two species: * '' Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1'' * '' Psittacid alphaherpesvirus 1'' Structure Viruses in ''Iltovirus'' are enveloped, with icosahedral, spherical to pleomorphic, and round geometries, and T=16 symmetry. The diameter is around 120-200 nm. Genomes are linea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alphaherpesvirinae
''Alphaherpesvirinae'' is a subfamily of viruses in the family ''Herpesviridae'', primarily distinguished by reproducing more quickly than other subfamilies in the ''Herpesviridae''. In animal virology the most important herpesviruses belong to the Alphaherpesvirinae. Pseudorabies virus is the causative agent of Aujeszky's disease in pigs and ''Bovine herpesvirus 1'' is the causative agent of bovine infectious rhinotracheitis and pustular vulvovaginitis. Mammals serve as natural hosts. There are currently 45 species in this subfamily, divided among 5 genera with one species unassigned to a genus. Diseases associated with this subfamily include: HHV-1 and HHV-2: skin vesicles or mucosal ulcers, rarely encephalitis and meningitis, HHV-3: chickenpox (varicella) and shingles, GaHV-2: Marek's disease. Genera ''Alphaherpesvirinae'' consists of the following five genera: * ''Iltovirus'' * ''Mardivirus'' * ''Scutavirus'' * ''Simplexvirus'' * ''Varicellovirus'' The species ''Chelo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pustular Vulvovaginitis
''Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1'' (BoHV-1) is a virus of the family ''Herpesviridae'' and the subfamily ''Alphaherpesvirinae'', known to cause several diseases worldwide in cattle, including rhinotracheitis, vaginitis, balanoposthitis, abortion, conjunctivitis, and enteritis. BoHV-1 is also a contributing factor in shipping fever, also known as bovine respiratory disease (BRD). It is spread horizontally through sexual contact, artificial insemination, and aerosol transmission and it may also be transmitted vertically across the placenta. BoHV-1 can cause both clinical and subclinical infections, depending on the virulence of the strain. Although these symptoms are mainly non-life-threatening it is an economically important disease as infection may cause a drop in production and affect trade restrictions. Like other herpesviruses, BoHV-1 causes a lifelong latent infection and sporadic shedding of the virus. The sciatic nerve and trigeminal nerve are the sites of latency. A react ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis
''Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1'' (BoHV-1) is a virus of the family ''Herpesviridae'' and the subfamily ''Alphaherpesvirinae'', known to cause several diseases worldwide in cattle, including rhinotracheitis, vaginitis, balanoposthitis, abortion, conjunctivitis, and enteritis. BoHV-1 is also a contributing factor in shipping fever, also known as bovine respiratory disease (BRD). It is spread horizontally through sexual contact, artificial insemination, and aerosol transmission and it may also be transmitted vertically across the placenta. BoHV-1 can cause both clinical and subclinical infections, depending on the virulence of the strain. Although these symptoms are mainly non-life-threatening it is an economically important disease as infection may cause a drop in production and affect trade restrictions. Like other herpesviruses, BoHV-1 causes a lifelong latent infection and sporadic shedding of the virus. The sciatic nerve and trigeminal nerve are the sites of latency. A react ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
