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Heat And Smoke Vent
Heat and smoke vents are installed in buildings as an active fire protection measure. They are openings in the roof which are intended to vent the heat and smoke developed by a fire inside the building by the action of buoyancy, such that they are known as "gravity vents". Regulatory requirements Heat and smoke vents are typically installed in buildings for the following reasons: * Storage occupancies - The heat release rate from high piled storage commodities is expected to be very high. In such cases, it is considered by some fire protection professionals desirable to vent the heat from the building if the temperatures in the building reaches sufficiently high levels to endanger the structural stability of the roof system. Smoke venting is also considered to provide a minor benefit to increase the visibility in the interior space to facilitate manual fire fighting efforts for a limited period of time. The use of vents in sprinklered buildings has been controversial over the last ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Active Fire Protection
Active fire protection (AFP) is an integral part of fire protection. AFP is characterized by items and/or systems, which require a certain amount of motion and response in order to work, contrary to passive fire protection. Categories of active fire protection Manual fire suppression Manual fire suppression includes the use of a fire blanket, fire extinguisher, or a standpipe system. Fire blanket A fire blanket is a sheet of fire retardant material that is designed to be placed over a fire to smother it out. Small fire blankets are meant for inception stage fires. They are normally made of fiberglass or Kevlar. Larger ones can be found in laboratories and factories, and are designed to be wrapped around a person whose clothes have caught fire. Fire extinguisher Fire extinguishers are devices that contain and discharge a substance that extinguishes or puts out a fire. These handheld devices come in a huge range of sizes, but the most common are portable fire extinguishers, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fire Fighting
Firefighting is the act of extinguishing or preventing the spread of unwanted fires from threatening human lives and destroying property and the environment. A person who engages in firefighting is known as a firefighter. Firefighters typically undergo a high degree of technical training. This involves structural firefighting and wildland firefighting. Specialized training includes aircraft firefighting, shipboard firefighting, aerial firefighting, maritime firefighting, and proximity firefighting. Firefighting is a dangerous profession due to the toxic environment created by combustible materials, with major risks are smoke, oxygen deficiency, elevated temperatures, poisonous atmospheres, and violent air flows. To combat some of these risks, firefighters carry self-contained breathing apparatus. Additional hazards include falls — a constant peril while navigating unfamiliar layouts or confined spaces amid shifting debris under limited visibility – and structural collapse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Livonia, Michigan
Livonia is a city in Wayne County, Michigan, Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 95,535 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, which ranked it as Michigan's ninth most-populated municipality. Livonia is a part of Metro Detroit and is located about west of the city limits of Detroit, separated only by Redford, Michigan, Redford Township. Originally organized as Livonia Township in 1835, it incorporated as a city in 1950. History After most members of the indigenous tribes were pushed out of the area, ethnic European-American pioneers from New England and New York (state), New York settled here. The borders of Livonia Township were defined by the Legislature of the Territory of Michigan on March 17, 1835. The settlers named the community "Livonia", after Livonia (town), New York, Livonia, New York, a town in the western part of the state from where many had migrated.City of LivoniHistory Retrieved on January 11, 2009. Livonia Township was spli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Model Building Code
A model building code is a building code that is developed and maintained by a standards organization independent of the jurisdiction responsible for enacting the building code. A local government can choose to adopt a model building code as its own. This saves local governments the expense and trouble of developing their own codes. Many smaller governments lack the expertise to do so. Overview The concept of the ''model building codes'' has successfully been applied since the early 1900s in the countries where regulation of building construction is a responsibility of the local authorities. The popularity of model building codes can be attributed to two factors: (a) the developing of proprietary building codes is prohibitively expensive and (b) the ability of the model codes to accommodate local conditions. Since modern building regulations are very complex, their development and effective maintenance are far beyond the technical and financial capabilities of most jurisdictions. Ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fire Sprinkler
A fire sprinkler or sprinkler head is the component of a fire sprinkler system that discharges water when the effects of a fire have been detected, such as when a predetermined temperature has been exceeded. Fire sprinklers are extensively used worldwide, with over 40 million sprinkler heads fitted each year. In buildings protected by properly designed and maintained fire sprinklers, over 99% of fires were controlled by fire sprinklers alone. History In 1812, British inventor Sir William Congreve patented a manual sprinkler system using perforated pipes along the ceiling. When someone noticed a fire, a valve outside the building could be opened to send water through the pipes. It was not until a short time later that, as a result of a large furniture factory that repeatedly burned down, Hiram Stevens Maxim was consulted on how to prevent a recurrence and invented the first automatic fire sprinkler. It would douse the areas that were on fire and report the fire to the fire st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smoke Exhaust Ductwork
Smoke exhaust ductwork, in Europe, is typically protected via passive fire protection means, subject to fire testing (typically tNBN EN 1366-8 and listing and approval use and compliance. It is used to remove smoke from buildings, ships or offshore structures to enable emergency evacuation as well as improved firefighting. In North America, fireproofed ductwork may be used for the purpose of smoke exhaust, but it is more common to use unfireproofed return air ductwork, whereby no fire testing or listings are employed to qualify the ductwork for this use. Means of construction Smoke exhaust can be built using: *ordinary sheet metal with external fireproofing treatment; or *a proprietary duct that is inherently fire-resistant; or *Fire resistant materials, such as calcium silicate. Gallery Image:GEOFLAM_1.jpg Image:GEOFLAM_2.jpg Image:GEOFLAM4.jpg Image:GEOFLAM5.JPG See also *Passive fire protection *Pressurisation ductwork *Heat and smoke vent * Grease duct * Calcium sil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pressurisation Ductwork
Pressurisation duct work is a passive fire protection system. It is used to supply fresh air to any area of refuge, designated emergency evacuation or egress route. Purpose The purpose of pressurisation ductwork is to maintain positive pressure in building spaces to prevent smoke from entering from other spaces in which a fire is occurring. It is typically used in exit stairways, corridors, and lobbies. Requirements Pressurisation ductwork is certified on the basis of fire testing such as ISO 6944. Systems There are two means of providing fire-resistance rated ductwork: *Inherently fire-resistant, or proprietary factory assembled ducts which are made of sheet metal shells filled with mixtures of rockwool, fiber and silicon dioxide *Sheet metal duct with exterior fireproofing materials such as blanket rockwool, ceramic fiber, or in-tumescent paint. See also * Heat and smoke vent * Fire protection * Smoke exhaust ductwork * Emergency evacuation Emergency evacuation is t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grease Duct
A grease duct is a duct that vents grease-laden flammable vapors from commercial cooking equipment such as stoves, deep fryers, and woks to the outside of a building or mobile food preparation trailer. Grease ducts are part of the building's passive fire protection system. The cleaning schedule is typically dictated by fire code or related safety regulations. Fire hazard Vapors are created when grease is heated to and beyond its vaporization point. As the vapors cool, the grease condenses and settles on colder surfaces. Grease is a flammable hydrocarbon. A fire-resistance rating is required for the construction around the duct. Design In North America, grease ducts must be in compliance with NFPA 96 as well as the local building codes and fire codes. A proprietary duct system that has its own inherent fire-resistance rating can be used, such as a metallic duct, either field fabricated or UL certified factory-built designs. Factory-built fire rated designs are tested to UL 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Passive Fire Protection
Passive fire protection (PFP) is components or systems of a building or structure that slows or impedes the spread of the effects of fire or smoke without system activation, and usually without movement. Examples of passive systems include floor-ceilings and roofs, fire doors, windows, and wall assemblies, fire-resistant coatings, and other fire and smoke control assemblies. Passive fire protection systems can include active components such as fire dampers. Main characteristics Passive fire protection systems are intended to: * Contain a fire to the compartment of fire origin * Slow a fire from spreading from the compartment of fire origin * Slow the heating of structural members * Prevent the spread of fire through intentional openings (e.g., doors, HVAC ducts) in fire rated assemblies by the use of a fire rated closure (e.g., fire door, fire damper) * Prevent the spread of fire through penetrations (e.g., holes in fire walls through which building systems such as plumbing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Active Fire Protection
Active fire protection (AFP) is an integral part of fire protection. AFP is characterized by items and/or systems, which require a certain amount of motion and response in order to work, contrary to passive fire protection. Categories of active fire protection Manual fire suppression Manual fire suppression includes the use of a fire blanket, fire extinguisher, or a standpipe system. Fire blanket A fire blanket is a sheet of fire retardant material that is designed to be placed over a fire to smother it out. Small fire blankets are meant for inception stage fires. They are normally made of fiberglass or Kevlar. Larger ones can be found in laboratories and factories, and are designed to be wrapped around a person whose clothes have caught fire. Fire extinguisher Fire extinguishers are devices that contain and discharge a substance that extinguishes or puts out a fire. These handheld devices come in a huge range of sizes, but the most common are portable fire extinguishers, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
