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HYANG
''Hyang'' ( Kawi, Sundanese, Javanese, and Balinese) is a representation of the Supreme Being, in ancient Java and Bali mythology. This spiritual entity can be either divine or ancestral. The reverence for this spiritual entity can be found in the folk religions of Java and Bali, such as the Sunda Wiwitan ( Sundanism or Cigugur Sundanism), Kejawen ( non-monotheistic Javanism), Kapitayan ( monotheistic Javanism), and Gama Tirta ( Balinism). The realm where ''Hyang'' resides is called the ''Kahyangan'', which is an Old Javanese term that literally means "the abode of ''Hyang''", "part of ''Hyang''", or "heaven". The Old Sundanese Manuscript Sanghyang Siksa Kandang Karesian, said ''Hyang'' is also written to mean Omnipotence, in the highest Sunda Wiwitan Spirituality ''Hyang'' this term is also ''Sang Hyang Kersa'' (the Powerful). Gama Tirta Balinism describes Hyang as a venerated spiritual existence that deserves special reverence. Hyang is commonly described as a sacred ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunda Kingdom
The Sunda Kingdom ( su, , Karajaan Sunda, ) was a Sundanese Hindu kingdom located in the western portion of the island of Java from 669 to around 1579, covering the area of present-day Banten, Jakarta, West Java, and the western part of Central Java. The capital of the Sunda Kingdom moved several times during its history, shifting between the Galuh (Kawali) area in the east and Pakuan Pajajaran in the west. The Sunda Kingdom reached its peak during the reign of King Sri Baduga Maharaja, whose reign from 1482 to 1521 is traditionally remembered as an age of peace and prosperity among Sundanese people. According to primary historical records such as the Bujangga Manik manuscript, the eastern border of the kingdom was the Pamali River (Ci Pamali, the present-day Brebes River) and the Serayu River (Ci Sarayu) in Central Java. Most accounts of the Sunda Kingdom come from primary historical records from the 16th century. The kingdom's inhabitants were primarily the eponymous ethni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HYANG
''Hyang'' ( Kawi, Sundanese, Javanese, and Balinese) is a representation of the Supreme Being, in ancient Java and Bali mythology. This spiritual entity can be either divine or ancestral. The reverence for this spiritual entity can be found in the folk religions of Java and Bali, such as the Sunda Wiwitan ( Sundanism or Cigugur Sundanism), Kejawen ( non-monotheistic Javanism), Kapitayan ( monotheistic Javanism), and Gama Tirta ( Balinism). The realm where ''Hyang'' resides is called the ''Kahyangan'', which is an Old Javanese term that literally means "the abode of ''Hyang''", "part of ''Hyang''", or "heaven". The Old Sundanese Manuscript Sanghyang Siksa Kandang Karesian, said ''Hyang'' is also written to mean Omnipotence, in the highest Sunda Wiwitan Spirituality ''Hyang'' this term is also ''Sang Hyang Kersa'' (the Powerful). Gama Tirta Balinism describes Hyang as a venerated spiritual existence that deserves special reverence. Hyang is commonly described as a sacred ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parahyangan
Parahyangan ( su, ᮕᮛᮠᮡᮀᮠᮔ᮪; Bantenese: Priangan; Dutch: Preanger) is a cultural and mountainous region in West Java province on the Indonesian island of Java. Covering a little less than one sixth of Java, it is the heartland of Sundanese people and their culture. It is bordered to the West by Banten province, to the North by the northern coast region of Subang, Cirebon and Indramayu (former residencies of Batavia and Cheribon), to the east by Central Java province (former residencies of Banyumas and Pekalongan), and to the south by the Indian Ocean. Etymology The name "Parahyangan" has its origins from Sundanese words that mean "the abode of hyangs (gods)". Parahyangan is a mountainous region, and ancient Indonesians believed that the gods resided in the mountain tops. A Sundanese legend of Sangkuriang contains the memory of the prehistoric ancient lake in Bandung basin highland, which suggests that the Sundanese had already inhabited the region since the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kapitayan
Kapitayan (from jv, ꦏꦥꦶꦠꦪꦤ꧀) is a belief of ancient people on Java island, namely those who belong to the Javanese ethnic group since the paleolithic, mesolithic, neolithic and megalithic eras. The Kapitayan religion is a form of monotheism native to Java that has been adopted and carried on by Javanese people from generation to generation since ancient times. The local Javanese referred to it as "the monotheist ancient Javanese religion", "ancestral monotheist religion", or "''Tiyang Jawi'' (Javanese) religion", which is different from Kejawen (another Javanism that is non-monotheistic). Etymology and terminology The term ''Kapitayan'' is Old Javanese in origin, and was constructed from the base word of ''Taya'' ( Old Javanese script: ) which means "unimaginable", "unseen" or "absolute" literally, thus it means that ''Taya'' cannot be thought or imagined, or cannot be approached by the five senses.Sunyoto (2017). p. 14. Kapitayan can be described as a teaching ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Sundanese Language
Old Sundanese (Sundanese script: , Old Sundanese script: , Buda script: , ) is the earliest recorded stage of the Sundanese language which is spoken in the western part of Java. The evidence is recorded in inscriptions from around the 12th to 14th centuries and ancient palm-leaf manuscripts from the 15th to 17th centuries AD. Old Sundanese is no longer used today, but has developed into its descendant, modern Sundanese. Written Evidence Old Sundanese is recorded in stone inscriptions such as the Kawali Inscription in Ciamis, and the Batutulis inscription in Bogor, as well as in inscriptions made from copper plates such as the Kabantenan inscription from the Bekasi area. Other remains documenting the use of Old Sundanese are palm-leaf manuscripts from the Bandung, Garut, and Bogor regions. The manuscripts are now stored in several institutions, including Kabuyutan Ciburuy in Bayongbong Garut, Sri Baduga Museum in Bandung, the National Library of Indonesia in Jakarta, and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niskala Wastu Kancana
King Niskala Wastu Kancana or also known as Prabu Raja Wastu or popularly known as Wastu Kancana (c. 1348 – 1475) was one of the great kings of the Sunda Kingdom reigning throughout most of the 15th century. According to ''Carita Parahyangan'', he ruled for 104 years, between 1371–1475. Early life Wastu was the youngest son of Prabu Maharaja and the brother of Princess Pitaloka Citraresmi, which together, with most of Wastu's family, perished in Pasunda Bubat incident. In 1357, his family went to Majapahit in East Java to marry Wastu's eldest sister, Princess Pitaloka, with Maharaja Hayam Wuruk of Majapahit. As a child, Wastu however, was left to stay in Kawali palace, and did not accompany his family to travel to faraway Trowulan in Majapahit. Gajah Mada, the ambitious prime minister of Majapahit, saw the event as an opportunity to demand Sunda Kingdom submission to Majapahit overlordship. He demanded Princess Pitaloka to be given as a mere concubine, as a token of submiss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balinese Hinduism
Balinese Hinduism ( id, Agama Hindu Dharma; Agama Tirtha; Agama Air Suci; Agama Hindu Bali) is the form of Hinduism practised by the majority of the population of Bali.McDaniel, June (2013), A Modern Hindu Monotheism: Indonesian Hindus as ‘People of the Book’. The Journal of Hindu Studies, Oxford University Press, This is particularly associated with the Balinese people residing on the island, and represents a distinct form of Hindu worship incorporating local animism, ancestor worship or '' Pitru Paksha'', and reverence for Buddhist saints or ''Bodhisattava''. The population of Indonesian islands is predominantly Muslim (86%).Indonesia: Religions Encyclopaedia Britannica The island of Bali is an exception where about 87% of its people identify as Hindu (about 1.7% of the total Indonesian population). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sundanese Language
Sundanese (: , ; Sundanese script: ) is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by the Sundanese. It has approximately 40 million native speakers in the western third of Java; they represent about 15% of Indonesia's total population. Classification According to American linguist Robert Blust, Sundanese is closely related to the Malayic languages, as well as to language groups spoken in Borneo such as the Land Dayak languages or the Kayan–Murik languages, based on high lexical similarities between these languages. History and distribution Sundanese is mainly spoken on the west side of the island of Java, in an area known as Tatar Sunda (Pasundan). However, Sundanese is also spoken in the western part of Central Java, especially in Brebes and Cilacap Regency, because these areas were previously under the control of the Galuh Kingdom. Many place names in Cilacap are still Sundanese names such as Dayeuhluhur, Cimanggu, Cipari and so on. Until 1600 AD, Sundanese was the sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunda Wiwitan
(from su, ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ ᮝᮤᮝᮤᮒᮔ᮪, Sunda Wiwitan, aboriginal Pasundan) Sunda Wiwitan is a folk religion and ancient beliefs adhered to by the Sundanese (including Baduy people, Bantenese, Cirebonese) in the western part of Java. The followers of this belief system can be found in some villages in western Java, such as Kanekes, Lebak, Banten; Ciptagelar Kasepuhan Banten Kidul, Cisolok, Sukabumi; Kampung Naga; and Cigugur, Kuningan Regency. In Carita Parahyangan this faith is called ''Jatisunda''. Its practitioners assert that Sunda Wiwitan has been part of their way of life since ancient times, before the arrival of Hinduism and Islam. The sacred book of Sunda Wiwitan is called Sanghyang Siksa Kandang Karesian, it is a didactic text of religious and moral guidance, rules and lessons. The text is identified as Kropak 630 by National Library of Indonesia. According to a ''kokolot'' (elder) of Cikeusik village, the people of Kanekes are not adherents to Hindu or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dewi Sri
Dewi Sri or Shridevi (Javanese language, Javanese: ꦢꦺꦮꦶꦱꦿꦶ, Balinese language, Balinese: ᬤᬾᬯᬶᬲ᭄ᬭᬶ, Dewi Sri)(Sundanese language, Sundanese: ᮑᮄ ᮕᮧᮠᮎᮤ ᮞᮀᮠᮡᮀ ᮃᮞᮢᮤ, Nyai Pohaci Sanghyang Asri) is the Javanese people, Javanese, Sundanese people, Sundanese, and Balinese people, Balinese Hindu Goddess of rice and fertility, still widely worshiped on the islands of Java (island), Java, Bali and Lombok, Indonesia. The cult of the rice goddess has its origin in the prehistoric Rice domestication, domestication, development and propagation of Rice production in Indonesia, rice cultivation in Asia, possibly brought by Austroasiatic languages, Austroasiatic or Austronesian peoples, Austronesian population that finally migrated and settled in the archipelago. Similar but slightly different rice spirits mythologies are widespread among Ethnic groups in Indonesia, Indonesian ethnicities and also neighboring countries. The mythology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanghyang Siksa Kandang Karesian
Sanghyang Siksa Kandang Karesian is a didactic text, providing the reader with religious and moralistic rules, prescriptions and lessons. The title means something like “the book of rules with guidance to be a '' resi'' (wise or holy man)”. This text is preserved in the National Library in Jakarta and identified as kropak 630; it consist of 30 gebang leaves (formerly identified as nipah) and in the lontar manuscript L624. The gebang manuscript is dated in a chronogram nora catur sagara wulan (0-4-4-1), that is Saka 1440 or 1518 AD. It had already been referred to in earlier publications by Holle and Noorduyn. A complete edition with translation, introduction, commentary and glossary was presented in a stenciled work by Atja and Danasasmita (1981a). It has been republished in book-form in Danasasmita et al. (1987:73-118). Text edition of the lontar manuscript has been done by Nurwansah, published in journal of Sundalana (2013). The text is from Galuh (a capital city of the Sund ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Srivijaya
Srivijaya ( id, Sriwijaya) was a Buddhist thalassocratic empire based on the island of Sumatra (in modern-day Indonesia), which influenced much of Southeast Asia. Srivijaya was an important centre for the expansion of Buddhism from the 7th to the 12th century AD. Srivijaya was the first polity to dominate much of western Maritime Southeast Asia. Due to its location, the Srivijaya developed complex technology utilizing maritime resources. In addition, its economy became progressively reliant on the booming trade in the region, thus transforming it into a prestige goods-based economy. The earliest reference to it dates from the 7th century. A Tang dynasty Chinese monk, Yijing, wrote that he visited Srivijaya in year 671 for six months. The earliest known inscription in which the name Srivijaya appears also dates from the 7th century in the Kedukan Bukit inscription found near Palembang, Sumatra, dated 16 June 682. Between the late 7th and early 11th century, Srivijaya rose t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
