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Gradungulid
Gradungulidae, also known as large-clawed spiders, is a spider family endemic to Australia and New Zealand. They are medium to large-sized haplogyne spiders with three claws and two pairs of book-lungs similar to Mygalomorphae. Some species build extensive webs with an upper retreat tangle and connecting threads to scaffolding. This supports the ladder-like catching platform that is glued to the ground. ''Progradungula'', a large spider with long legs like ''Hickmania'', and ''Macrogradungula'' are the only cribellate genera of the family. Species ''Gradungula'' Forster, 1955 * ''Gradungula sorenseni'' Forster, 1955 — New Zealand '' Kaiya'' Gray, 1987 * '' Kaiya bemboka'' Gray, 1987 — New South Wales * '' Kaiya brindabella'' (Moran, 1985) — Australian Capital Territory * '' Kaiya parnabyi'' Gray, 1987 — Victoria * ''Kaiya terama'' Gray, 1987 (type species) — New South Wales ''Macrogradungula'' Gray, 1987 * ''Macrogradungula moonya'' Gray, 1987 — Queensland '' Pianoa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Progradungula Otwayensis
''Progradungula otwayensis'', commonly known as the odd-clawed spider, is a species of cribellate spider endemic to the Great Otway National Park of Victoria, Australia. It is one of only two species in the gradungulid genus ''Progradungula''. Odd-clawed spiders are medium-sized to large spiders, with an approximate body length of and a leg span of . They are lightly pigmented, from yellowish brown to light mauvish gray, with three chevron markings on the rear upper part of their abdomen. Like other gradungulids, their legs are tipped with three claws. These claws are particularly well-developed on the first and second leg pairs and are used for latching unto prey. They are ambush predators, building characteristic ladder-shaped snares close to the ground. They stand head-down on these webs waiting for prey which they then scoop up into these webs to trap them. Taxonomy Odd-clawed spiders were first described by the Australian arachnologist Graham A. Milledge in 1997. They ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Progradungula Carraiensis
''Progradungula carraiensis'', or the Carrai cave spider, is a cribellate spider found only in the moist forests and limestone caves of the Carrai Plateau in northern New South Wales. It is one of only two species in the gradungulid genus Progradungula. These spiders are 8 to 12 mm long, with long and slender legs. They specialize in eating insects that feed on bat guano Guano (Spanish from qu, wanu) is the accumulated excrement of seabirds or bats. As a manure, guano is a highly effective fertilizer due to the high content of nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium, all key nutrients essential for plant growth. ... in the Carrai Plateau caves. To catch prey, they build a special web with an upper network of threads attached to the rock walls. This supports a small (25 x 6 mm) platform made of cribellate silk. The spider sits head down on the platform and extends its front legs until the enlarged tarsal claws on their front legs are just above the ground. With the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gradungula Sorenseni
''Gradungula'' is a monotypic genus of South Pacific large-clawed spiders containing the single species, ''Gradungula sorenseni''. It is only found in New Zealand. __TOC__ Etymology The genus name is derived from Latin ' "step" and ' "claw", referring to the enlarged front leg claws of this species. These claws also occur in other species of the family Gradungulidae. The species name "''sorenseni''" is named after Jack Sorensen, the discoverer of the species. Taxonomy ''Gradungula sorenseni'' was first described by Raymond Robert Forster in 1955. Distribution ''Gradungula sorenseni'' is distributed in forests throughout the western South Island and throughout Stewart Island Stewart Island ( mi, Rakiura, ' glowing skies', officially Stewart Island / Rakiura) is New Zealand's third-largest island, located south of the South Island, across the Foveaux Strait. It is a roughly triangular island with a total land ar .... Forster, R. R., Platnick, N. I. & Gray, M. R. ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victoria (Australia)
Victoria is a state in southeastern Australia. It is the second-smallest state with a land area of , the second most populated state (after New South Wales) with a population of over 6.5 million, and the most densely populated state in Australia (28 per km2). Victoria is bordered by New South Wales to the north and South Australia to the west, and is bounded by the Bass Strait to the south (with the exception of a small land border with Tasmania located along Boundary Islet), the Great Australian Bight portion of the Southern Ocean to the southwest, and the Tasman Sea (a marginal sea of the South Pacific Ocean) to the southeast. The state encompasses a range of climates and geographical features from its temperate coastal and central regions to the Victorian Alps in the northeast and the semi-arid north-west. The majority of the Victorian population is concentrated in the central-south area surrounding Port Phillip Bay, and in particular within the metropolit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarlina
''Tarlina'' is a genus of Australian large-clawed spiders that was first described by Raymond Robert Forster, Norman I. Platnick & Michael R. Gray in 1987. Species it contains six species: *''Tarlina daviesae'' Gray, 1987 – Australia (Queensland) *''Tarlina milledgei'' Gray, 1987 – Australia (New South Wales) *''Tarlina noorundi'' Gray, 1987 ( type) – Australia (New South Wales) *''Tarlina simipes'' Gray, 1987 – Australia (Queensland) *''Tarlina smithersi ''Tarlina'' is a genus of Australian large-clawed spiders that was first described by Raymond Robert Forster, Norman I. Platnick & Michael R. Gray in 1987. Species it contains six species: *''Tarlina daviesae'' Gray, 1987 – Australia (Queens ...'' Gray, 1987 – Australia (New South Wales) *'' Tarlina woodwardi'' ( Forster, 1955) – Australia (Queensland) References Araneomorphae genera Gradungulidae Spiders of Australia Taxa named by Raymond Robert Forster {{Araneomorphae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spelungula Cavernicola
''Spelungula'' is a monotypic genus of South Pacific large-clawed spiders containing the single species, ''Spelungula cavernicola'', or the Nelson cave spider. It was first described by Ray Forster, Norman I. Platnick, & Michael R. Gray in 1987, and has only been found in caves in the northwestern part of New Zealand's South Island. Etymology The genus name is derived from "spelunca", which is latin for cave and is feminine in gender. The species name "cavernicola" refers to the species restriction to caves. Description It is New Zealand's largest known spider, with a legspan of and a body length of , and its main prey is cave weta. Conservation status It is one of the few spider species afforded legal protected under the New Zealand Wildlife Act. It is classed as "Range Restricted" and stable in the New Zealand Threat Classification System. In May 2022, the Crazy Paving Cave in Kahurangi National Park, where the spiders are known to breed, was closed for a year in an att ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spelungula
''Spelungula'' is a monotypic genus of South Pacific large-clawed spiders containing the single species, ''Spelungula cavernicola'', or the Nelson cave spider. It was first described by Ray Forster, Norman I. Platnick, & Michael R. Gray in 1987, and has only been found in caves in the northwestern part of New Zealand's South Island. Etymology The genus name is derived from "spelunca", which is latin for cave and is feminine in gender. The species name "cavernicola" refers to the species restriction to caves. Description It is New Zealand's largest known spider, with a legspan of and a body length of , and its main prey is cave weta. Conservation status It is one of the few spider species afforded legal protected under the New Zealand Wildlife Act. It is classed as "Range Restricted" and stable in the New Zealand Threat Classification System. In May 2022, the Crazy Paving Cave in Kahurangi National Park, where the spiders are known to breed, was closed for a year in an att ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Progradungula
''Progradungula'' is a genus of Australian large-clawed spiders that was first described by Raymond Robert Forster & Michael R. Gray in 1979. it contains only two species: '' P. carraiensis'' and '' P. otwayensis''. The name is derived from Latin ''pro'' ("before"), and the genus name ''Gradungula'', referring to the ancient ancestry of the genus. It is the first discovered web-building cribellate spider in a "primitive" araneomorph The Araneomorphae (also called the Labidognatha) are an infraorder of spiders. They are distinguishable by chelicerae (fangs) that point diagonally forward and cross in a pinching action, in contrast to the Mygalomorphae (tarantulas and their cl ... spider family and helped establish the idea that all araneomorph spiders evolved from cribellate ancestors. These spiders have an uncommon web-making technique and prey-capturing behavior. A small (approximately 25 by 6 mm), tilting, ladder-like platform of cribellate capturing silk is supported by a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pianoa Isolata
''Pianoa'' is a monotypic genus of large-clawed spiders endemic to New Zealand. It contains a single species, ''Pianoa isolata,'' known commonly as the piano flat spider. It was first described by Raymond Robert Forster, Norman I. Platnick & Michael R. Gray in 1987. Distribution The piano flat spider is found throughout the Waikaia Forest and at other locations in northern Southland and west Otago. Description Juveniles are pale white with no markings, but develop pigmentation after several molts. Egg sacs are pale cream or white in colour. Habitat ''P. isolata'' has been observed living in leaf litter and rotting logs on the forest floor. Behaviour and diet The piano flat spider is nocturnal Nocturnality is an animal behavior characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day. The common adjective is "nocturnal", versus diurnal meaning the opposite. Nocturnal creatures generally have highly developed sens .... It is an active hunter a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pianoa
''Pianoa'' is a monotypic genus of large-clawed spiders endemic to New Zealand. It contains a single species, ''Pianoa isolata,'' known commonly as the piano flat spider. It was first described by Raymond Robert Forster, Norman I. Platnick & Michael R. Gray in 1987. Distribution The piano flat spider is found throughout the Waikaia Forest and at other locations in northern Southland and west Otago. Description Juveniles are pale white with no markings, but develop pigmentation after several molts. Egg sacs are pale cream or white in colour. Habitat ''P. isolata'' has been observed living in leaf litter and rotting logs on the forest floor. Behaviour and diet The piano flat spider is nocturnal Nocturnality is an animal behavior characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day. The common adjective is "nocturnal", versus diurnal meaning the opposite. Nocturnal creatures generally have highly developed sens .... It is an active hunter a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Queensland
) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_date = Colony of Queensland , established_title2 = Separation from New South Wales , established_date2 = 6 June 1859 , established_title3 = Federation , established_date3 = 1 January 1901 , named_for = Queen Victoria , demonym = , capital = Brisbane , largest_city = capital , coordinates = , admin_center_type = Administration , admin_center = 77 local government areas , leader_title1 = Monarch , leader_name1 = Charles III , leader_title2 = Governor , leader_name2 = Jeannette Young , leader_title3 = Premier , leader_name3 = Annastacia Palaszczuk ( ALP) , legislature = Parliament of Queensland , judiciary = Supreme Court of Queensland , national_representation = Parliament of Australia , national_representation_type ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macrogradungula Moonya
''Macrogradungula'' is a monotypic genus of Australian large-clawed spiders containing the single species, ''Macrogradungula moonya''. It was first described by Raymond Robert Forster, Norman I. Platnick & Michael R. Gray in 1987, and has only been found in Australia. It is classified under the family Gradungulidae, superfamily Austrochiloidea, and suborder Araneomorphae. Distribution ''Macrogradungula moonya'' is currently known from three disjunct localities in northeastern Queensland, Australia. The first specimens were recovered from rainforest sink holes in Boulder Creek, Walter Hill Range. Other specimens were reported from caves and cavities among boulder fields in the mountains of the Kalkajaka National Park and Mount Bartle Frere Mount Bartle Frere (pronunciation mæɔnt̥ ˈbɐːɾəɫ ˈfɹɪə Ngajanji: Choorechillum) is the highest mountain in Queensland at an elevation of . The mountain was named after Sir Henry Bartle Frere, 1st Baronet, Sir Henry Bartle Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
