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Geon (psychology)
Geons are the simple 2D or 3D forms such as cylinder (geometry), cylinders, bricks, Wedge (geometry), wedges, Cone (geometry), cones, circles and rectangles corresponding to the simple parts of an object in Irving Biederman, Biederman's recognition-by-components theory. The theory proposes that the visual input is matched against structural representations of objects in the brain. These structural representations consist of geons and their relations (e.g., an ice cream cone could be broken down into a sphere located above a cone (geometry), cone). Only a modest number of geons (< 40) are assumed. When combined in different relations to each other (e.g., on-top-of, larger-than, end-to-end, end-to-middle) and coarse metric variation such as aspect ratio and 2D orientation, billions of possible 2- and 3-geon objects can be generated. Two classes of shape-based visual identification that are not done through geon representations, are those involved in: a) distinguishing between similar fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cylinder (geometry)
A cylinder (from ) has traditionally been a three-dimensional solid, one of the most basic of curvilinear geometric shapes. In elementary geometry, it is considered a prism with a circle as its base. A cylinder may also be defined as an infinite curvilinear surface in various modern branches of geometry and topology. The shift in the basic meaning—solid versus surface (as in ball and sphere)—has created some ambiguity with terminology. The two concepts may be distinguished by referring to solid cylinders and cylindrical surfaces. In the literature the unadorned term cylinder could refer to either of these or to an even more specialized object, the ''right circular cylinder''. Types The definitions and results in this section are taken from the 1913 text ''Plane and Solid Geometry'' by George Wentworth and David Eugene Smith . A ' is a surface consisting of all the points on all the lines which are parallel to a given line and which pass through a fixed plane curve in a pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ice Cream Cone
An ice cream cone, poke (Ireland/Scotland) or cornet (England) is a brittle, cone-shaped pastry, usually made of a wafer similar in texture to a waffle, made so ice cream can be carried and eaten without a bowl or spoon, for example, the Hong Kong-style bubble cone. Many styles of cones are made, including pretzel cones and chocolate-coated cones (coated on the inside). The term ''ice cream cone'' can also refer, informally, to the cone with one or more scoops of ice cream on top. There are two techniques for making cones: one is by baking them flat then quickly rolling them into shape (before they harden), the other is by baking them inside a cone-shaped mold. History 19th century Cones, in the form of wafers rolled and baked hard, date back to Ancient Rome and Greece. When exactly they transitioned to being used for desserts, and ice cream in particular, is not clear. Some historians point to France in the early 19th century as the birthplace of the ice cream cone; an 180 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vision
Vision, Visions, or The Vision may refer to: Perception Optical perception * Visual perception, the sense of sight * Visual system, the physical mechanism of eyesight * Computer vision, a field dealing with how computers can be made to gain understanding from digital images or videos * Machine vision, technology for imaging-based automatic inspection Perception of the future * Foresight (psychology), in business, the ability to envisage future market trends and plan accordingly * Goal, a desired result ** Vision statement, a declaration of objectives to guide decision-making Other perceptions * Vision (spirituality), a supernatural experience that conveys a revelation * Hallucination, a perception of something that does not exist Arts and media Events * Visions (convention), a science fiction event * Vision Festival, a New York City art festival Film and television * "The Vision", episode of '' Alcoa Presents: One Step Beyond'' * ''The Vision'' (film), 1998 British televisi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Recognition-by-components Theory
The recognition-by-components theory, or RBC theory, is a process proposed by Irving Biederman in 1987 to explain object recognition. According to RBC theory, we are able to recognize objects by separating them into '' geons'' (the object’s main component parts). Biederman suggested that geons are based on basic 3-dimensional shapes (cylinders, cones, etc.) that can be assembled in various arrangements to form a virtually unlimited number of objects. Geons The recognition-by-components theory suggests that there are fewer than 36 geons which are combined to create the objects we see in day-to-day life. For example, when looking at a mug we break it down into two components – "cylinder" and "handle". This also works for more complex objects, which in turn are made up of a larger number of geons. Perceived geons are then compared with objects in our stored memory to identify what it is we are looking at. The theory proposes that when we view objects we look for two important co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geon2
Geon may refer to: *Geon (geology), a time interval * Geon (Korean name), a Korean masculine given name *Geon (physics), a hypothetical gravitational wave packet *Geon (psychology), a geometrical primitive out of which everyday objects can be represented *Geon, short for geonim ''Geonim'' ( he, גאונים; ; also transliterated Gaonim, singular Gaon) were the presidents of the two great Babylonian Talmudic Academies of Sura and Pumbedita, in the Abbasid Caliphate, and were the generally accepted spiritual leaders o ..., rabbis in the medieval era *Geon, a character from the '' King of the Monsters'' series of video games *'' Geon: Emotions'', a video game for Xbox 360's Xbox Live Arcade service * ''Geon'' (video game), for PlayStation 3's PlayStation Network and Nintendo Wii {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geons
Geon may refer to: *Geon (geology), a time interval * Geon (Korean name), a Korean masculine given name *Geon (physics), a hypothetical gravitational wave packet *Geon (psychology), a geometrical primitive out of which everyday objects can be represented *Geon, short for geonim ''Geonim'' ( he, גאונים; ; also transliterated Gaonim, singular Gaon) were the presidents of the two great Babylonian Talmudic Academies of Sura and Pumbedita, in the Abbasid Caliphate, and were the generally accepted spiritual leaders o ..., rabbis in the medieval era *Geon, a character from the '' King of the Monsters'' series of video games *'' Geon: Emotions'', a video game for Xbox 360's Xbox Live Arcade service * ''Geon'' (video game), for PlayStation 3's PlayStation Network and Nintendo Wii {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cone (geometry)
A cone is a three-dimensional geometric shape that tapers smoothly from a flat base (frequently, though not necessarily, circular) to a point called the apex or vertex. A cone is formed by a set of line segments, half-lines, or lines connecting a common point, the apex, to all of the points on a base that is in a plane that does not contain the apex. Depending on the author, the base may be restricted to be a circle, any one-dimensional quadratic form in the plane, any closed one-dimensional figure, or any of the above plus all the enclosed points. If the enclosed points are included in the base, the cone is a solid object; otherwise it is a two-dimensional object in three-dimensional space. In the case of a solid object, the boundary formed by these lines or partial lines is called the ''lateral surface''; if the lateral surface is unbounded, it is a conical surface. In the case of line segments, the cone does not extend beyond the base, while in the case of half-lin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphere
A sphere () is a Geometry, geometrical object that is a solid geometry, three-dimensional analogue to a two-dimensional circle. A sphere is the Locus (mathematics), set of points that are all at the same distance from a given point in three-dimensional space.. That given point is the centre (geometry), centre of the sphere, and is the sphere's radius. The earliest known mentions of spheres appear in the work of the Greek mathematics, ancient Greek mathematicians. The sphere is a fundamental object in many fields of mathematics. Spheres and nearly-spherical shapes also appear in nature and industry. Bubble (physics), Bubbles such as soap bubbles take a spherical shape in equilibrium. spherical Earth, The Earth is often approximated as a sphere in geography, and the celestial sphere is an important concept in astronomy. Manufactured items including pressure vessels and most curved mirrors and lenses are based on spheres. Spheres rolling, roll smoothly in any direction, so mos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brain
A brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. It is located in the head, usually close to the sensory organs for senses such as vision. It is the most complex organ in a vertebrate's body. In a human, the cerebral cortex contains approximately 14–16 billion neurons, and the estimated number of neurons in the cerebellum is 55–70 billion. Each neuron is connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons. These neurons typically communicate with one another by means of long fibers called axons, which carry trains of signal pulses called action potentials to distant parts of the brain or body targeting specific recipient cells. Physiologically, brains exert centralized control over a body's other organs. They act on the rest of the body both by generating patterns of muscle activity and by driving the secretion of chemicals called hormones. This centralized control allows rapid and coordinated respon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brick
A brick is a type of block used to build walls, pavements and other elements in masonry construction. Properly, the term ''brick'' denotes a block composed of dried clay, but is now also used informally to denote other chemically cured construction blocks. Bricks can be joined using mortar, adhesives or by interlocking them. Bricks are usually produced at brickworks in numerous classes, types, materials, and sizes which vary with region and time period, and are produced in bulk quantities. ''Block'' is a similar term referring to a rectangular building unit composed of similar materials, but is usually larger than a brick. Lightweight bricks (also called lightweight blocks) are made from expanded clay aggregate. Fired bricks are one of the longest-lasting and strongest building materials, sometimes referred to as artificial stone, and have been used since circa 4000 BC. Air-dried bricks, also known as mud-bricks, have a history older than fired bricks, and have an additi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Recognition-by-components Theory
The recognition-by-components theory, or RBC theory, is a process proposed by Irving Biederman in 1987 to explain object recognition. According to RBC theory, we are able to recognize objects by separating them into '' geons'' (the object’s main component parts). Biederman suggested that geons are based on basic 3-dimensional shapes (cylinders, cones, etc.) that can be assembled in various arrangements to form a virtually unlimited number of objects. Geons The recognition-by-components theory suggests that there are fewer than 36 geons which are combined to create the objects we see in day-to-day life. For example, when looking at a mug we break it down into two components – "cylinder" and "handle". This also works for more complex objects, which in turn are made up of a larger number of geons. Perceived geons are then compared with objects in our stored memory to identify what it is we are looking at. The theory proposes that when we view objects we look for two important co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irving Biederman
Irving Biederman (1939 – August 17, 2022) was an American vision scientist specializing in the study of brain processes underlying humans' ability to quickly recognize and interpret what they see. While best known for his Recognition by Components Theory that focuses on volumetric object recognition, his later work tended to examine the recognition of human faces. Biederman argued that face recognition is separate and distinct from the recognition of objects. Biederman received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Michigan in 1966. In addition to being professor of psychology and computer science at the USC College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, he was holder of the Harold Dornsife Chair in Cognitive Neuroscience, and was also a member of the USC Program in Neural, Informational and Behavioral Sciences. Biederman appeared on an episode of '' Penn & Teller: Bullshit!'', explaining the thought process of UFO hunters. References * USC USC most often refers to: * Universit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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