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Filmy Fern
The Hymenophyllaceae, the filmy ferns and bristle ferns, are a family of two to nine genera (depending on classification system) and about 650 known species of ferns, with a subcosmopolitan distribution, but generally restricted to very damp places or to locations where they are wetted by spray from waterfalls or springs. A recent fossil find shows that ferns of Hymenophyllaceae have existed since at least the Upper Triassic. Description They often appear as very dark green or even black clumps and may be mistaken for a robust moss or liverwort. The rhizome is usually thin and wiry and the fronds variously pinnate with a single strand ("nerve") of vascular tissue. As in most ferns, young fronds have circinate vernation. In most species, the frond, apart from the vascular tissue, is only a single cell thick, and they do not have any stomata. The cuticle is also greatly reduced or absent, leaving filmy ferns very susceptible to desiccation where a reliable water supply is not prese ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link
Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link (2 February 1767 – 1 January 1851) was a German naturalist and botanist. Biography Link was born at Hildesheim as a son of the minister August Heinrich Link (1738–1783), who taught him love of nature through collection of 'natural objects'. He studied medicine and natural sciences at the Hannoverschen Landesuniversität of Göttingen, and graduated as MD in 1789, promoting on his thesis ''"Flora der Felsgesteine rund um Göttingen"'' (Flora of the rocky beds around Göttingen). One of his teachers was the famous natural scientist Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752–1840). He became a private tutor (''Privatdozent'') in Göttingen. In 1792 he became the first professor of the new department of chemistry, zoology and botany at the University of Rostock. During his stay at Rostock, he became an early follower of the antiphlogistic theory of Lavoisier, teaching about the existence of oxygen instead of phlogiston. He was also a proponent of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gametophyte
A gametophyte () is one of the two alternation of generations, alternating multicellular organism, multicellular phases in the life cycles of plants and algae. It is a haploid multicellular organism that develops from a haploid spore that has one set of chromosomes. The gametophyte is the Sexual reproduction of plants, sexual phase in the life cycle of plants and algae. It develops sex organs that produce gametes, haploid sex cells that participate in fertilization to form a diploid zygote which has a double set of chromosomes. Cell division of the zygote results in a new diploid multicellular organism, the second stage in the life cycle known as the sporophyte. The sporophyte can produce haploid spores by meiosis that on germination produce a new generation of gametophytes. Algae In some multicellular green algae (''Ulva lactuca'' is one example), red algae and brown algae, sporophytes and gametophytes may be externally indistinguishable (isomorphic). In ''Ulva (genus), Ulv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Callistopteris
''Callistopteris'' is a fern genus in the family Hymenophyllaceae. The genus is accepted in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) but not by some other sources, which sink it into a broadly defined ''Trichomanes''. Taxonomy The genus ''Callistopteris'' was erected by Edwin Copeland in 1938. Its status, like other genera in the family Hymenophyllaceae, remains disputed. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) accepts the genus, placing it in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, and saying that there are five species. , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' lists six species, whereas ''Plants of the World Online'' sinks the genus into ''Trichomanes''. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' accepted the following species: *''Callistopteris apiifolia'' (C.Presl) Copel. *''Callistopteris baldwinii'' (D.C.Eaton) Copel. *''Callistopteris baueriana'' (Endl.) Copel. *''Callistopteris calyculata'' Cope ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trichomanes
''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally necessitates a permanently humid habitat, and makes the fronds somewhat translucent. Because of this membrane-like frond tissue, the plant is prone to drying out. “Filmy ferns” in the taxa Hymenophyllaceae grow in constantly wet environments. Many are found in cloud forests such as “Choco” in Colombia. There are also members of the taxa that can grow submersed in water. The name bristle fern refers to the small bristle that protrudes from the indusia of these ferns. Taxonomy The genus ''Trichomanes'' was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. Its status, like other genera in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, remains disputed. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) accepts the genus as one of eight in the sub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cephalomanes
''Cephalomanes'' is a fern genus in the family Hymenophyllaceae. The genus is accepted in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) but not by other sources, which sink it into a broadly defined ''Trichomanes''. Taxonomy The genus ''Cephalomanes'' was erected by Carl Presl in 1843. Its status, like other genera in the family Hymenophyllaceae, remains disputed. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) accepts the genus, placing it in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, and saying that there are four species. , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' lists nine species, whereas ''Plants of the World Online'' sinks the genus into ''Trichomanes''. Species , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' accepted the following species: *''Cephalomanes atrovirens'' C.Presl *''Cephalomanes crassum'' (Copel.) M.G.Price *''Cephalomanes densinervium'' (Copel.) Copel. *''Cephalomanes infundibulare'' (Alderw.) comb. ined. *'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abrodictyum
''Abrodictyum'' is a fern genus in the family Hymenophyllaceae. The genus is accepted in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) but not by some other sources, which sink it into a broadly defined ''Trichomanes''. Taxonomy The genus ''Abrodictyum'' was erected by Carl Presl in 1843. Its status, like other genera in the family Hymenophyllaceae, remains disputed. The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) accepts the genus, placing it in the subfamily Trichomanoideae, and saying that there are about 25 species. , the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' listed 41 species, whereas ''Plants of the World Online'' sank the genus into ''Trichomanes ''Trichomanes'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae, termed bristle ferns. The circumscription of the genus is disputed. All ferns in the genus are filmy ferns, with leaf tissue typically 2 cells thick. This thinness generally nec ...''. Species , the ''Checklis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kunio Iwatsuki
Kunio (written: 邦夫, 邦男, 邦雄, 邦生, 國男, 國士, 国男, 国夫, 州男 or 久仁生) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include: *, Japanese businessman *, Japanese businessman *, Japanese judge *, Japanese politician *, Japanese mayor *, Japanese Go player *, Japanese field hockey player *, Japanese animator *, Japanese dramatist and writer * Kunio Kitamura (born 1968), Japanese footballer * Kunio Kobayashi (born 1967), Japanese karateka *Kunio Lemari (1942–2008), Marshallese politician and President of the Marshall Islands *, Japanese architect *, Japanese photographer *, Japanese actor and voice actor (not to be confused with the manga character of the same name) *, Japanese politician *, Japanese general *, Japanese businessman *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese writer *, Japanese mechanical designer *, Japanese cross-country skier *Kunio Shimizu (born 1934), Japanese playwright *, Japanese writer *Kunio Yamazaki (died 2013), Japan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atsushi Ebihara
Atsushi is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include: *Atsushi (musician), Japanese singer and vocalist of the band Exile *, Japanese voice actor *, Japanese synchronized swimmer *, Japanese professional wrestler *, Japanese water polo player *, Japanese cross-country skier *, Japanese long-distance runner *, Japanese writer and manga critic *, Japanese actor *, Japanese voice actor *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese actor *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese sport wrestler *, Japanese Go player *, Japanese footballer *, Japanese voice actor *, Japanese professional wrestler *, Japanese professional wrestler *, Japanese tennis player *, Japanese shogi player *, Japanese voice actor *, Japanese author *, Japanese rower *, Japanese swimmer *, manga author of Soul Eater and Fire Force *, Professional Wrestler *, Japanese professional wrestler *, Japanese rugby union player *, Japanese musician, singer for Buck-Tick *, Japanese runner *, Japanese alpine skier ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyletic
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic groups are typically characterised by shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies), which distinguish organisms in the clade from other organisms. An equivalent term is holophyly. The word "mono-phyly" means "one-tribe" in Greek. Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic group'' consists of all of the descendants of a common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups. A '' polyphyletic group'' is characterized by convergent features or habits of scientific interest (for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, aquatic insects). The features by which a polyphyletic group is differentiated from others are not inherited from a common ancestor. These definitions have tak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetics
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical frame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indusium
A sorus (pl. sori) is a cluster of sporangia (structures producing and containing spores) in ferns and fungi. A coenosorus (plural coenosori) is a compound sorus composed of multiple, fused sori. Etymology This New Latin word is from Ancient Greek σωρός (''sōrós'' 'stack, pile, heap'). Structure In lichens and other fungi, the sorus is surrounded by an external layer. In some red algae, it may take the form of depression into the thallus. In ferns, the sori form a yellowish or brownish mass on the edge or underside of a fertile frond. In some species, they are protected during development by a scale or film of tissue called the indusium, which forms an umbrella-like cover. Lifecycle significance Sori occur on the sporophyte generation, the sporangia within producing haploid meio spores. As the sporangia mature, the indusium shrivels so that spore release is unimpeded. The sporangia then burst and release the spores. As an aid to identification The shape, arran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenophyllum
''Hymenophyllum'' is a genus of ferns in the family Hymenophyllaceae. Its name means "membranous leaf", referring to the very thin translucent tissue of the fronds, which gives rise to the common name filmy fern for this and other thin-leaved ferns. The leaves are generally only one cell thick and lack stomata, making them vulnerable to desiccation. Consequently, they are found only in very humid areas, such as in moist forests and among sheltered rocks. They are small and easy to overlook. Species , World Ferns accepted the following extant species: *'' Hymenophyllum abruptum'' Hook. *''Hymenophyllum acanthoides'' (Bosch) Rosenst. *'' Hymenophyllum acutum'' (C.Presl) Ebihara & K.Iwats. *''Hymenophyllum adiantoides'' Bosch *'' Hymenophyllum aeruginosum'' (Poir.) Carmich. *'' Hymenophyllum alveolatum'' C.Chr. *'' Hymenophyllum amabile'' Morton *'' Hymenophyllum andinum'' Bosch *'' Hymenophyllum angulosum'' Christ *'' Hymenophyllum angustum'' Bosch *'' Hymenophyllum antillense'' (J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
