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Filarioidea
The Filarioidea are a superfamily of highly specialised parasitic nematodes. Species within this superfamily are known as filarial worms or filariae (singular filaria). Infections with parasitic filarial worms cause disease conditions generically known as filariasis. Drugs against these worms are known as filaricides. Introduction Filarioidea all are specialised parasites and the definitive host is always a vertebrate, a mammal, bird, reptile or amphibian, but ''not'' a fish. The intermediate host is always an arthropod. Most of Filarioidea parasitise wild species, birds in particular, but some, especially in the family Onchocercidae, attack mammals, including humans and some domestic animals. Conditions that result from parasitism by Onchocercidae include some of the most troublesome diseases of the warmer regions, including river blindness and elephantiasis. Taxonomy The Filarioidea include several families: * Aproctidae *Creagrocercidae * Drilonematidae * Filariidae * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loa Loa
''Loa loa'' is a filarial (arthropod-borne) nematode (roundworm) that causes ''Loa loa'' filariasis. ''Loa loa'' actually means "worm worm", but is commonly known as the "eye worm", as it localizes to the conjunctiva of the eye. ''Loa loa'' is commonly found in Africa.Schmidt, Gerald et al. "Foundations of Parasitology". 7th ed. McGraw Hill, New York, NY, 2005. It mainly inhabits rain forests in West Africa and has native origins in Ethiopia. The disease caused by ''Loa loa'' is called loiasis and is one of the neglected tropical diseases. ''L. loa'' is one of three parasitic filarial nematodes that cause subcutaneous filariasis in humans. The other two are '' Mansonella streptocerca and Onchocerca volvulus'' (causes river blindness). Maturing larvae and adults of the "eye worm" occupy the subcutaneous layer of the skin – the fat layer – of humans, causing disease. The ''L. loa'' adult worm which travels under the skin can survive up to 10–15 years, causing inflamma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Setaria (roundworm)
''Setaria'' is a genus of parasitic roundworms that infect domesticated mammals such as pigs, camels, cattle and horses. Some species also infect wild mammals such as deer and antelope. The genus consists of about 43 species. Members of the genus are uniquely parasites in the abdominal cavity of the body. They are mostly large-sized roundworms, possessing an elaborate head (cephalic) region that is characterised by spines, presence of four lips, and well-guarded mouth. Little is known about their pathogenic effects, but some are known to affect nervous system and eye. The larval infective forms are transmitted from one animal to another by the bite of mosquitoes and flies. In addition ''Setaria marshalli'' can be transmitted from the womb to new-born calf. A rare case of human infection was recorded in 2016 from a 15-year-old Iranian girl, who was diagnosed with ''Setaria equina'' in her eye. Species Some important species of the genus are: *''Setaria cervi'' which are parasites ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Onchocercidae
The Onchocercidae are a family of nematodes in the superfamily Filarioidea. This family includes some of the most devastating human parasitic diseases, such as lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, loiasis, and other filariases. Representative genera and species The taxonomy of nematodes in the order Spirurida is still in a state of flux, and the family Onchocercidae contains around 70–80 genera. The following genera are included in the family Onchocercidae in the Wikispecies project and thEntrez Taxonomy Browser The latter is the taxonomic system used in the NCBI family of databases, including PubMed. *'' Acanthocheilonema'' **'' Acanthocheilonema viteae'' (parasite of gerbils in Eastern Europe, Iran, and North Africa) **'' Acanthocheilonema reconditum'' (parasite of dogs) *''Brugia'' **''Brugia malayi'' (one cause of filariasis in humans) **'' Brugia pahangi'' (parasite of domestic cats and wild animals) **''Brugia timori'' (cause of "timor filariasis" in humans) *'' Brei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filariasis
Filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by an infection with roundworms of the Filarioidea type. These are spread by blood-feeding insects such as black flies and mosquitoes. They belong to the group of diseases called helminthiases. These parasites exist in the wild in subtropical parts of southern Asia, Africa, the South Pacific, and parts of South America. One does not acquire them in temperate areas like Europe or the United States. Eight known filarial worms have humans as a definitive host. These are divided into three groups according to the part of the body they affect: * Lymphatic filariasis is caused by the worms ''Wuchereria bancrofti'', ''Brugia malayi'', and ''Brugia timori''. These worms occupy the lymphatic system, including the lymph nodes; in chronic cases, these worms lead to the syndrome of ''elephantiasis''. * Subcutaneous filariasis is caused by '' Loa loa'' (the eye worm), '' Mansonella streptocerca'', and ''Onchocerca volvulus''. These worms occupy th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microfilaria Of Dirofilaria Immitis (Heartworms) Surrounded By Neoplastic Lymphocytes 1
::''Microfilaria may also refer to an informal "collective group" genus name, proposed by Cobbold in 1882. While a convenient category for newly discovered microfilariae which can not be assigned to a known species because the adults are unknown, it is seldom used today.'' The microfilaria (plural microfilariae, sometimes abbreviated mf) is an early stage in the life cycle of certain parasitism, parasitic nematodes in the family Onchocercidae. In these species, the adults live in a tissue or the circulatory system of vertebrates (the parasitic life cycles, "definitive hosts"). They release microfilariae into the bloodstream of the vertebrate host. The microfilariae are taken up by blood-feeding arthropod Vector (epidemiology), vectors (the "parasitic life cycles, intermediate hosts"). In the intermediate host the microfilariae develop into infective larvae that can be transmitted to a new vertebrate host. The presence of microfilariae in the host bloodstream is called "microfila ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aproctidae
Aproctidae is a family of nematodes belonging to superfamily Filarioidea in order Rhabditida Rhabditida is an order of free-living, zooparasitic, and phytoparasitic microbivorous nematodes living in soil. The Cephalobidae, Panagrolaimidae, Steinernematidae, and Strongyloididae seem to be closer to the Tylenchia, regardless of whet .... Genera: * '' Aprocta'' Linstow, 1883 * '' Hovorkonema'' Jurasek, 1977 * '' Lissonema'' Linstow, 1903 * '' Mawsonfilaria'' Anderson & Chabaud, 1958 * '' Pseudaprocta'' Schikhobalova, 1930 * '' Squamofilaria'' Schmerling, 1925 * '' Tetracheilonema'' Diesing, 1861 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q47661146 Nematodes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Onchocerca Volvulus
''Onchocerca volvulus'' is a filarial (arthropod-borne) nematode (roundworm) that causes onchocerciasis (river blindness), and is the second-leading cause of blindness due to infection worldwide after trachoma. It is one of the 20 neglected tropical diseases listed by the World Health Organization, with elimination from certain countries expected by 2020. John O’Neill, an Irish surgeon, first described ''Onchocerca volvulus'' in 1874, when he found it to be the causative agent of ‘craw-craw’, a skin disease found in West Africa. A Guatemalan doctor, Rodolfo Robles, first linked it to visual impairment in 1917. ''O. volvulus'' is primarily found in sub-Saharan Africa, and humans are the only known definitive host; there is also disease transmission in some South American nations, as well as Yemen (see global map bottom right). It is spread from person to person via female biting blackflies of the genus '' Simulium''. Morphology ''O. volvulus'' parasites obtain nut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scolecophilidae
Scolecophilidae is a family of nematodes belonging to the order Spirurida Spirurida is an order of spirurian nematodes. Like all nematodes, they have neither a circulatory nor a respiratory system. Some Spirurida, like the genus '' Gongylonema'', can cause disease in humans. One such disease is a skin infection wi .... Genera: * '' Scolecophiloides'' * '' Scolecophilus'' Baylis & Daubney, 1922 References Spirurida {{secernentea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mansonella Streptocerca
''Mansonella streptocerca'', (formerly ''Diptalonema streptocerca''), is a filarial (arthropod-borne) nematode (roundworm) causing the disease streptocerciasis. It is a common parasite in the skin of humans in the rain forests of Africa, where it is thought to be a parasite of chimpanzees, as well. ''Mansonella streptocerca'' is one of three filarial nematodes that cause subcutaneous filariasis in humans. The other two filarial nematodes are ''Loa loa'' (the African eye worm), and ''Onchocerca volvulus'' (river blindness). The worm is distributed across West and Central Africa. Life cycle The contraction of an ''M. streptocerca'' infection can be better understood through an understanding of its life cycle. The life cycle involves two stages: one involving a midge (genus ''Culicoides'') and another involving a human host. First, a midge ingests a blood meal from a human host. This allows third-stage filarial larvae to enter the bite wound. Once inside the dermis, the larva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loa Loa Filariasis
''Loa loa'' filariasis is a skin and eye disease caused by the nematode worm ''Loa loa''. Humans contract this disease through the bite of a deer fly or mango fly (''Chrysops'' spp.), the vectors for ''Loa loa''. The adult ''Loa loa'' filarial worm migrates throughout the subcutaneous tissues of humans, occasionally crossing into subconjunctival tissues of the eye where it can be easily observed. ''Loa loa'' does not normally affect one's vision but can be painful when moving about the eyeball or across the bridge of the nose.John, David T. and William A. Petri, Jr. Markell and Voge's Medical Parasitology. 9th ed. 2006. The disease can cause red itchy swellings below the skin called "Calabar swellings". The disease is treated with the drug diethylcarbamazine (DEC), and when appropriate, surgical methods may be employed to remove adult worms from the conjunctiva. Loiasis belongs to the so-called neglected diseases. Signs and symptoms A filariasis such as loiasis most often co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wuchereria Bancrofti
''Wuchereria bancrofti'' is a filarial (arthropod-borne) nematode (roundworm) that is the major cause of lymphatic filariasis. It is one of the three parasitic worms, together with ''Brugia malayi'' and '' B. timori'', that infect the lymphatic system to cause lymphatic filariasis. These filarial worms are spread by a variety of mosquito vector species. ''W. bancrofti'' is the most prevalent of the three and affects over 120 million people, primarily in Central Africa and the Nile delta, South and Central America, the tropical regions of Asia including southern China, and the Pacific islands. If left untreated, the infection can develop into lymphatic filariasis. In rare conditions, it also causes tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. No vaccine is commercially available, but high rates of cure have been achieved with various antifilarial regimens and lymphatic filariasis is the target of the World Health Organization Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis with the aim t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brugia Timori
''Brugia timori'' is a filarial (arthropod-borne) nematode (roundworm) which causes the disease "Timor filariasis", or "Timorian filariasis". While this disease was first described in 1965, the identity of ''Brugia timori'' as the causative agent was not known until 1977. In that same year, '' Anopheles barbirostris'' was shown to be its primary vector. There is no known animal reservoir host. Signs and symptoms Like other human filariasis infections, ''Brugia timori'' filariasis causes acute fever and chronic lymphedema. The life cycle of ''Brugia timori'' is very similar to that of ''Wuchereria bancrofti'' and ''Brugia malayi'', leading to nocturnal periodicity of the disease symptoms. Eosinophilia is common during acute stages of infection. So far ''Brugia timori'' has only been found in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia. It is locally confined to areas inhabited by its mosquito vector, which breeds in rice fields. One study of the prevalence of infection in Mainang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
