|
Fathers Of The Constitution
The Fathers of the Constitution ( es, Padres de la Constitución, links=no) were the seven political leaders who participated in the writing of the Spanish Constitution of 1978. Gabriel Cisneros, Miguel Herrero y Rodríguez de Miñón and José Pedro Pérez Llorca represented the centre-right Union of the Democratic Centre; Manuel Fraga Iribarne, the right-wing People's Alliance; Gregorio Peces-Barba, the left-wing Spanish Socialist Worker's Party; Jordi Solé Tura, the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia / Communist Party of Spain and Miguel Roca Junyent, of the Democratic Pact for Catalonia, represented the Catalan nationalists. File:(Cisneros) Leopoldo Calvo Sotelo en el pleno del Congreso de los Diputados (cropped).jpeg, Gabriel Cisneros (1940–2007) File:(Herrero de Miñón) Adolfo Suárez conversa con el ministro de Relaciones con la CEE. Pool Moncloa. 1 de octubre de 1980 (cropped).jpg, Miguel Herrero y Rodríguez de Miñón (born 1940) File:(Fraga) Felipe Gonzál ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Constitution Of 1978
The Spanish Constitution (Spanish, Asturleonese, and gl, Constitución Española; eu, Espainiako Konstituzioa; ca, Constitució Espanyola; oc, Constitucion espanhòla) is the democratic law that is supreme in the Kingdom of Spain. It was enacted after its approval in a constitutional referendum, and it is the culmination of the Spanish transition to democracy. The Constitution of 1978 is one of about a dozen of other historical Spanish constitutions and constitution-like documents; however, it is one of two fully democratic constitutions (the other being the Spanish Constitution of 1931). It was sanctioned by King Juan Carlos I on 27 December, and published in the ' (the government gazette of Spain) on 29 December, the date on which it became effective. The promulgation of the constitution marked the culmination of the Spanish transition to democracy after the death of general Francisco Franco, on 20 November 1975, who ruled over Spain as a military dictator for nearly 40 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jordi Solé Tura
Jordi Solé Tura (23 May 1930 in Mollet del Vallés – 4 December 2009 in Barcelona) was a Spanish politician, jurist and one of the co-authors and "Fathers" of the Spanish Constitution of 1978 following Spain's move to democracy. ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 19 January 2013. From his youth Tura belonged to different leftish organizations, such as Popular Liberation Front and Bandera Roja. In the early years of the democracy he worked in the . Inside the P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El País
''El País'' (; ) is a Spanish-language daily newspaper in Spain. ''El País'' is based in the capital city of Madrid and it is owned by the Spanish media conglomerate PRISA. It is the second most circulated daily newspaper in Spain . ''El País'' is the most read newspaper in Spanish online and one of the Madrid dailies considered to be a national newspaper of record for Spain (along with '' El Mundo'' and ''ABC)''. In 2018, its number of daily sales were 138,000. Its headquarters and central editorial staff are located in Madrid, although there are regional offices in the principal Spanish cities (Barcelona, Seville, Valencia, Bilbao, and Santiago de Compostela) where regional editions were produced until 2015. ''El País'' also produces a world edition in Madrid that is available online in English and in Spanish (Latin America). History ''El País'' was founded in May 1976 by a team at PRISA which included Jesus de Polanco, José Ortega Spottorno and Carlos Mendo. The p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catalan Nationalism
Catalan nationalism is the ideology asserting that the Catalans are a distinct nation. Intellectually, modern Catalan nationalism can be said to have commenced as a political philosophy in the unsuccessful attempts to establish a federal state in Spain in the context of the First Republic (1873-1874). Valentí Almirall i Llozer and other intellectuals that participated in this process set up a new political ideology in the 19th century, to restore self-government, as well as to obtain recognition for the Catalan language. These demands were summarized in the so-called ''Bases de Manresa'' in 1892. It met very little support at first. But after the Spanish–American War in which the United States invaded and annexed the last of the Spanish colonies, these early stages of Catalanism grew in support, mostly because of the weakened Spanish international position after the war and the loss of the two main destinations for Catalan exports (Cuba and Puerto Rico). The origins of Cata ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Democratic Pact For Catalonia
The Democratic Pact for Catalonia ( ca, Pacte Democràtic per Catalunya, PDC or PDpC) was a Catalan electoral alliance established in May 1977 ahead of the Spanish Congress of Deputies 15 June election. It ran on a political platform emphasizing the need of approving a statute of autonomy for Catalonia. The coalition comprised members from two separate, previously established alliances: Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC) and Democratic Left of Catalonia (EDC) from the Democratic Front for Catalonia ( ca, Front Democràtic per Catalunya, FDC), and the Socialist Party of Catalonia–Regrouping (PSC–R) and the National Front of Catalonia (FNC) from the Left Front ( ca, Front d'Esquerres, FdE). It obtained 514,647 votes (16.88% of the vote in Catalonia, 2.81% of the votes in Spain) and 11 deputies, of which 5 were for CDC, 4 for PSC–R and 2 for EDC. Its leader was Jordi Pujol. Shortly after the election, the coalition dissolved, as the PSC–R joined the Catalan Federation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miguel Roca Junyent
Miquel Roca i Junyent (Bordeaux, France, 20 April 1940) is a Spanish lawyer and politician from Democratic Convergence of Catalonia. He is one of the Fathers of the Constitution in Spain. Early life Miquel Roca i Junyent was descendant to two Catalan bourgeoisie families. His paternal grandfather, Ramon Roca Masferrer (1861-1932), was a prestigious personality in the world of Barcelona editors, arts and culture; his maternal grandfather, Miguel Junyent Rovira (1871–1936), was a Barcelona publisher and Carlist politician. He was born in Bordeaux as his father, Juan Bautista Roca Caball (1898-1976) left Catalonia during the Civil War. Career In his youth, Roca joined forces with other future Catalan politicians, such as Narcís Serra and Pasqual Maragall, in the Front Obrer de Catalunya, an illegal left-wing organization made up mostly by university students linked to the Popular Liberation Front (FELIPE). Later in his life, Roca turned to liberal ideas. He was a founding me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of Spain
The Communist Party of Spain ( es, Partido Comunista de España; PCE) is a Marxist-Leninist party that, since 1986, has been part of the United Left coalition, which is part of Unidas Podemos. It currently has two of its politicians serving as government ministers in the Spanish government, in the roles of Minister of Labour and Social Economy and Minister of Consumer Affairs respectively. The PCE was founded by 1921, after a split in the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party ( es, Partido Socialista Obrero Español; PSOE). The PCE was founded by those who opposed the social democratic wing of the PSOE, because the social democrat wing did not support the PSOE's integration in the Communist International founded by Vladimir Lenin two years prior. The PCE was a merger of the Spanish Communist Party ( es, Partido Comunista Español) and the Spanish Communist Workers' Party ( es, Partido Comunista Obrero Español). The PCE was first legalized after the proclamation of the Second S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unified Socialist Party Of Catalonia
The Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia ( ca, Partit Socialista Unificat de Catalunya, PSUC) was a communist political party active in Catalonia between 1936 and 1997. It was the Catalan branch of the Communist Party of Spain and the only party not from a sovereign state to be a full member of the Third International. History The PSUC was formed on 23 July 1936 through the unification of four left-wing groups; the small Catalan Federation of Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), the Partit Comunista de Catalunya (Communist Party of Catalonia, the Catalan branch of the Communist Party of Spain, PCE), the Unió Socialista de Catalunya (''Socialist Union of Catalonia'') and the Partit Català Proletari (''Proletarian Catalan Party.'' a Catalan separatist far left party). Burnett Bolloten estimates that at unification, the party numbered some 2,500 members. Nine months later, the party ranks had swollen to 50,000 members. The first leaders of the PSUC were Joan Comorera and Ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Socialist Worker's Party
The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party ( es, Partido Socialista Obrero Español ; PSOE ) is a social-democraticThe PSOE is described as a social-democratic party by numerous sources: * * * * political party in Spain. The PSOE has been in government longer than any other political party in modern democratic Spain, namely from 1982 to 1996 under Felipe González; from 2004 to 2011 under José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero; and currently since 2018 under Pedro Sánchez. The PSOE was founded in 1879, making it the oldest party currently active in Spain. The PSOE played a key role during the Second Spanish Republic, being part of coalition government from 1931 to 1933 and from 1936 to 1939, when the Republic was defeated by Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War. The party was then banned under Franco's dictatorship and its members and leaders were persecuted or exiled. The PSOE was only legalised again in 1977. Historically a Marxist party, it abandoned Marxism in 1979. Just like m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabriel Cisneros
Gabriel Cisneros Laborda (14 August 1940 – 27 July 2007) was a Spanish attorney and politician who is mostly known for being one of the Fathers of the Spanish Constitution of 1978 He is also credited with collaborating in the writing the European Union's Declaration of Human Rights. Career Cisneros was one of seven politicians charged with writing the Spanish Constitution of 1978, Spain's first democratic constitution, following the death of caudillo Francisco Franco in 1975. The constitution set the foundation for the Spanish Government from the 1978 up to the present day. Cisneros is also the author of several other Spanish institutional laws. Additional, Cisneros also helped to write laws pertaining to the Basque statute and autonomy. His work with Basque law made Cisneros a kidnapping target. Cisneros survived a 1979 kidnap attempt by the Basque separatist group, ETA. Cisneros managed to fight off and escape two ETA kidnappers, but suffered gunshot wounds to his stomach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gregorio Peces-Barba
Gregorio Peces-Barba (13 January 1938 – 24 July 2012) was a Spanish politician and jurist. He was one of the seven jurists who wrote the Spanish Constitution of 1978, acting as a representative of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party. Peces-Barba was born in Madrid. He studied Law in Madrid and Strasbourg, writing his thesis about Jacques Maritain. He was a member of the Socialist Party since 1972 and was chosen as congressman for the province of Valladolid in 1977 in the first democratic elections in Spain in forty years. He was one of the seven jurists who wrote the constitution approved in referendum in 1978, and so he is considered a father of the constitution. In 1982 he was elected president of the congress of deputies and held that chair until 1986 when he decided not to rerun. He helped to create the Charles III University of Madrid and from 1989 until 2007 he was rector of that university. He was chosen by president José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero to be High Comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Alliance (Spain)
The People's Alliance ( es, Alianza Popular, AP) was a post-Francoist electoral coalition, and later a conservative political party in Spain, founded in 1976 as a federation of political associations. Transformed into a party in 1977 and led by Manuel Fraga, it became the main conservative right-wing party in Spain. It was refounded as the People's Party in 1989. History AP was born on 9 October 1976 as a federation of political associations (proto-parties). The seven founders were Manuel Fraga, Laureano López Rodó, Cruz Martínez Esteruelas, Federico Silva Muñoz, Gonzalo Fernández de la Mora, Licinio de la Fuente and . All seven had been officials in the dictatorship of Francisco Franco; the first six had held cabinet-level posts. They became known as ''los siete magníficos'' ("The Magnificent Seven"). Giving up in the project of a "reformist centre" Fraga and his small association Democratic Reform (successor of ) made a turn towards neo-Francoism (the opposite pat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_Rosa_Conde_en_la_rueda_de_prensa_posterior_al_Consejo_de_Ministros_con_el_ministro_de_Cultura_(cropped).jpeg "Click for more on -> Jordi Solé Tura")
.jpg "Click for more on -> Gregorio Peces-Barba")
