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Forest Cobra
The forest cobra (''Naja melanoleuca''), also commonly called the black cobra and the black and white-lipped cobra, is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is native to Africa, mostly the central and western parts of the continent. It is the largest true cobra species with a record length of . Although it prefers lowland forest and moist savanna habitats, this cobra is highly adaptable and can be found in drier climates within its geographical range. It is a very capable swimmer and is often considered to be semi-aquatic. The forest cobra is a generalist in its feeding habits, having a highly varied diet: anything from large insects to small mammals and other reptiles. This species is alert, nervous and is considered to be a very dangerous snake. When cornered or molested, it will assume the typical cobra warning posture by raising its fore body off the ground, spreading a narrow hood, and hissing loudly. Bites to humans are less common than from othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Hallowell (herpetologist)
Edward Hallowell (1808 – February 20, 1860) was an American herpetologist and physician. He studied and practiced medicine in Philadelphia. He also was a renowned herpetologist who described 61 new species of reptiles. In 1851, Hallowell was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society The American Philosophical Society (APS), founded in 1743 in Philadelphia, is a scholarly organization that promotes knowledge in the sciences and humanities through research, professional meetings, publications, library resources, and communit .... Hallowell is commemorated in the scientific names of two species of frogs: '' Hyla hallowellii'' and '' Leptodactylus hallowelli. Cope ED (1862). "On some new and little known American ANURA". ''Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia'' 14: 151-159. ("... dedicated to the memory of the late Dr. Edward Hallowell, whom the author holds in grateful and respectful recollection ...", p. 153). Publications in the ''Proceedings of the Academy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic period (), and the Classical period (). Ancient Greek was the language of Homer and of fifth-century Athenian historians, playwrights, and philosophers. It has contributed many words to English vocabulary and has been a standard subject of study in educational institutions of the Western world since the Renaissance. This article primarily contains information about the Epic and Classical periods of the language. From the Hellenistic period (), Ancient Greek was followed by Koine Greek, which is regarded as a separate historical stage, although its earliest form closely resembles Attic Greek and its latest form approaches Medieval Greek. There were several regional dialects of Ancient Greek, of which Attic Greek developed into Koine. Dia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naja Mandalayensis
The Mandalay spitting cobra (''Naja mandalayensis''), also called the Burmese spitting cobra or Mandalay cobra, is a species of spitting cobra endemic to the dry zone in central Myanmar. Etymology ''Naja mandalayensis'' was first described by herpetologists Wolfgang Wüster and Joseph Bruno Slowinski in 2000. The generic name ''naja'' is a Latinisation of the Sanskrit word () meaning "cobra". The specific epithet ''mandalayensis'' is Latin and refers to the city of Mandalay, which is a major city within the range of Naja mandalayensis. Description This species of cobra is medium in length, and heavy bodied. The average length of an adult ranges from ; they can grow to . The head is elliptical, depressed, slightly distinct from the neck with a short, rounded snout and large nostrils. The body is compressed dorsoventrally and subcylindrical posteriorly. Its scales are smooth and strongly oblique. The eyes are moderate in size with round pupils. The body of this species is yellowis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naja Atra
The Chinese cobra (''Naja atra''), also called the Taiwan cobra, is a species of cobra in the family Elapidae, found mostly in southern China and a couple of neighboring nations and islands. It is one of the most prevalent venomous snakes in China and Taiwan, which has caused many snakebite incidents to humans. Etymology and names ''Naja atra'' was first described by Danes, Danish physician, zoologist, and botanist Theodore Edward Cantor in 1842. The genus, generic name ''naja'' is a Latinisation of the Sanskrit word () meaning "cobra". The species, specific epithet ''atra'' comes from the Latin term ''ater'', which means "dark", "black", or "gloomy". In Mandarin Chinese, the snake is known as ''Zhōnghuá yǎnjìngshé'' (Simplified Chinese characters, simplified: 中华眼镜蛇, Traditional Chinese characters, traditional: 中華眼鏡蛇, lit. "Chinese spectacled snake", i.e. Chinese cobra), ''Zhōushān yǎnjìngshé'' (舟山眼鏡蛇, lit. "Zhoushan spectacled snake" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naja Kaouthia
The monocled cobra (''Naja kaouthia''), also called monocellate cobra and Indian spitting cobra, is a venomous cobra species widespread across South and Southeast Asia and listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. Taxonomy The scientific name ''Naja kaouthia'' was proposed by René Lesson in 1831, when he described the monocled cobra as a beautiful snake that is distinct from the spectacled cobra, with 188 ventral scales and 53 pairs of caudal scales. Since then, several monocled cobras were described under different scientific names: * In 1834, John Edward Gray published Thomas Hardwicke's first illustration of a monocled cobra under the trinomial ''Naja tripudians'' var. ''fasciata''. * In 1839, Theodore Edward Cantor described a brownish monocled cobra with numerous faint yellow transverse stripes and a hood marked with a white ring under the binomial ''Naja larvata'', found in Bombay, Calcutta, and Assam. Several varieties of monocled cobras were described under the b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naja Naja
The Indian cobra (''Naja naja''), also known as the spectacled cobra, Asian cobra, or binocellate cobra, is a species of cobra found in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Bhutan, and a member of the "big four" species that are responsible for the most snakebite cases in India. It is distinct from the king cobra which belongs to the monotypic genus ''Ophiophagus''. The Indian cobra is revered in Hindu mythology and culture, and is often seen with snake charmers. It is a protected species under the '' Indian Wildlife Protection Act'' (1972). Taxonomy The generic name and the specific epithet ''naja'' is a Latinisation of the Sanskrit word () meaning "cobra". The Indian cobra is classified under the genus ''Naja'' of the family Elapidae. The genus was first described by Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti in 1768. The species ''Naja naja'' was first described by the Swedish physician, zoologist, and botanist Carl Linnaeus in 1758. The genus ''Naja'' was split into s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subgenus
In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between the generic name and the specific epithet: e.g. the tiger cowry of the Indo-Pacific, ''Cypraea'' (''Cypraea'') ''tigris'' Linnaeus, which belongs to the subgenus ''Cypraea'' of the genus ''Cypraea''. However, it is not mandatory, or even customary, when giving the name of a species, to include the subgeneric name. In the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICNafp), the subgenus is one of the possible subdivisions of a genus. There is no limit to the number of divisions that are permitted within a genus by adding the prefix "sub-" or in other ways as long as no confusion can result. Article 4 The secondary ranks of section and series are subordinate to subgenus. An example is ''Banksia'' subg. ''Isostylis'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to descendants, nor does it show how much they have changed, so many differing evolutionary trees can be consistent with the same cladogram. A cladogram uses lines that branch off in different directions ending at a clade, a group of organisms with a last common ancestor. There are many shapes of cladograms but they all have lines that branch off from other lines. The lines can be traced back to where they branch off. These branching off points represent a hypothetical ancestor (not an actual entity) which can be inferred to exhibit the traits shared among the terminal taxa above it. This hypothetical ancestor might then provide clues about the order of evolution of various features, adaptation, and other evolutionary narratives about ance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naja Multifasciata
The many-banded snake (''Naja multifasciata''), also known as the burrowing cobra is a species of venomous elapid snake. The species is found in the Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Cameroon in Africa. Description Despite the common name, the species is not actually banded, but overall iridescent black, with cream colored blotching on each scale. The snakes grow to approximately in length. Venom Not much is known about their venom, but it is likely a neurotoxin, like many other elapid snakes. The genus ''Paranaja'' was synonymised with ''Naja'' in a recent molecular phylogenetic study, as this species is closely related to the forest cobra (''Naja melanoleuca The forest cobra (''Naja melanoleuca''), also commonly called the black cobra and the black and white-lipped cobra, is a species of venomous snake in the Family (biology), family Elapidae. The species is native to Africa, mostly the central and ...'') Wüster, W., Crookes, S., Ineich, I., Mané, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naja Christyi
''Naja christyi'' (formerly ''Boulengerina christyi)'', commonly known as the Congo water cobra or Christy's water cobra, is a species of venomous snakes belonging to the family Elapidae. The species is native to Sub-Saharan Africa. This species was formerly in the genus ''Boulengerina'', but more recent research by Wallach et al. has shown that ''Boulengerina'' is actually a subgenus and ''Boulengerina christyi'' is a synonym of ''Naja christyi''. Wallach V, Wüster W, Broadley DG (2009)"In praise of subgenera: taxonomic status of cobras of the genus ''Naja'' Laurenti (Serpentes: Elapidae)".a''Zootaxa'' Magnolia Press. ''Zootaxa'' 2236: 26–36. ISSN 1175-5334. This species has no known subspecies. Etymology ''Naja christyi'' was first described by Belgian-British zoologist George Albert Boulenger in 1904. Boulenger GA (1904)"Descriptions of two new Elapine snakes from the Congo" ''Annals and Magazine of Natural Hist.ory, Seventh Series'' 14: 14. (''Boulengerina christy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naja Annulata
''Naja annulata'' (formerly ''Boulengerina annulata''), commonly known as the banded water cobra or the ringed water cobra, is a species of water cobra native to western and central Africa. The species is one of the two species of water cobra in the world, the other one being the Congo water cobra (''Naja christyi''). Description It is a large, heavy-bodied snake with a short, broad and flat head with an indistinct canthus and distinct from the neck. It has medium-sized dark eyes with round pupils. The body is cylindrical; the tail is long. The scales are smooth and glossy, in 21–23 rows at midbody. Adults grow to an average of in length, but they can grow to a maximum of . Scales are smooth, indicating the largely aquatic life of this species. It is capable of spreading a narrow, yet impressive hood. Body colors are mostly glossy brown, grayish-brown, or reddish-brown with black bands all along the body. The belly is pale yellow, while the tail is wholly black. Distribution ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boulengerina
''Boulengerina'' is a genus or subgenus of elapid venomous snakes known commonly as water cobras, so named because of their semiaquatic nature. The genus has two recognised species, which are native to central and southern Africa. Taxonomy Some recent molecular studies have suggested that the genus ''Boulengerina'' should be synonymised with the genus ''Naja'', because the water cobras are closely related to some species of ''Naja''. Wallach, Wüster and Broadley, re-ranked ''Boulengerina'' as a subgenus within ''Naja'' comprising the two species already recognised as forming genus ''Boulengerina'' plus ''Naja melanoleuca'', as ''Naja (Boulengerina) melanoleuca'', and the species formerly known as ''Paranaja multifasciata'', now ''Naja (Boulengerina) multifasciata''. Etymology The generic name, ''Boulengerina'', is in honor of Belgian-born British herpetologist George Albert Boulenger. Beolens B, Watkins M, Grayson M (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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