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Eyalet Of Baghdad
, common_name = Baghdad Eyalet , conventional_long_name =Eyalet of Baghdad , subdivision = Eyalet , nation = the Ottoman EmpireUnder Safavid occupation (1624–1638) , year_start = 1535 , year_end = 1864 , date_start = , date_end = , event_start = Capture of Baghdad , event_end = , p1 = Baghdad Province (Safavid Empire)Baghdad Province , flag_p1 = Safavid Flag.svg , p2 = Mamluk Sultanate , flag_p2 = Mameluke Flag.svg , s1 = Baghdad Vilayet , flag_s1 = Ottoman_Flag.svg , image_map = Baghdad Eyalet, Ottoman Empire (1609).png , image_map_caption = The Baghdad Eyalet in 1609 , image_flag =Ottoman flag.svg , flag_type = , image_coat = , capital = Baghdad , today = Iraq , stat_ye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Safavid Iran
Safavid Iran or Safavid Persia (), also referred to as the Safavid Empire, '. was one of the greatest Iranian empires after the 7th-century Muslim conquest of Persia, which was ruled from 1501 to 1736 by the Safavid dynasty. It is often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history, as well as one of the gunpowder empires. The Safavid Shāh Ismā'īl I established the Twelver denomination of Shīʿa Islam as the official religion of the empire, marking one of the most important turning points in the history of Islam. An Iranian dynasty rooted in the Sufi Safavid order founded by Kurdish sheikhs, it heavily intermarried with Turkoman, Georgian, Circassian, and Pontic GreekAnthony Bryer. "Greeks and Türkmens: The Pontic Exception", ''Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 29'' (1975), Appendix II "Genealogy of the Muslim Marriages of the Princesses of Trebizond" dignitaries and was Turkish-speaking and Turkified. From their base in Ardabil, the Safavids established control ove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Zuhab
The Treaty of Zuhab ( fa, عهدنامه زهاب, ''Ahadnāmah Zuhab''), also called Treaty of Qasr-e Shirin ( tr, Kasr-ı Şirin Antlaşması), was an accord signed between the Safavid Empire and the Ottoman Empire on May 17, 1639. The accord ended the Ottoman-Safavid War of 1623–1639 and was the last conflict in almost 150 years of intermittent wars between the two states over territorial disputes. It can roughly be seen as a confirmation of the previous Peace of Amasya from 1555. The treaty confirmed the dividing of territories in West Asia priorly held by the Safavids, such as the permanent parting of the Caucasus between the two powers, in which East Armenia, eastern Georgia, Dagestan, and Azerbaijan stayed under the control of the Safavid Empire, while western Georgia and most of Western Armenia came fully under Ottoman rule. It also included all of Mesopotamia (including Baghdad) being irreversibly ceded to the Ottomans, as well as Safavid-controlled eastern Samtskhe (M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eyalets Of The Ottoman Empire In Asia
Eyalets (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت, , English: State), also known as beylerbeyliks or pashaliks, were a primary administrative division of the Ottoman Empire. From 1453 to the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman local government was loosely structured. The empire was at first divided into states called eyalets, presided over by a beylerbey (title equivalent to duke in Turkish) of three tails (feathers borne on a state officer's ceremonial staff). The grand vizier was responsible for nominating all the high officers of State, both in the capital and the states. Between 1861 and 1866, these eyalets were abolished, and the territory was divided for administrative purposes into vilayets (provinces). The eyalets were subdivided into districts called livas or sanjaks, each of which was under the charge of a pasha of one tail, with the title of mira-lira, or sanjak-bey. These provinces were usually called pashaliks by Europeans. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Ottoman Governors Of Baghdad
Ottoman walis (1638–1704) * Kashik Hassan Pasha (1638–1639) * Darwesh Pasha (1639–1642) * Kashik Hassan (1642–1644) * Daly Hussain (1644–1644) * Mohamed Pasha (1644–1645) * Mussa Pasha (1645–1646) * Ibrahim Pasha (1646–1646) * Mussa Semiz (1546–1647) * Malik Ahmed (1647–1647) * Arsalan Najdi Zadah (1647–1649) * Kablan Mustafa Marzonly (1649–1649) * Hussain Pasha (1649–1650) * Qarah Mustafa (1651–1652) * Murtazah (1653–1654) * Aq Mohamed (1654–1656) * Khasiky Mohamed (1657–1659) * Mustafa Pasha (1659–1659) * Khasiky Mohamed (1659–1661) * Kanbur Mustafa (1661–1663) * Bambej Mustafa (1663–1664) * Qarah Mustafa (1664–1664) * Uzon Ibrahim (1664–1666) * Qarah Mustafa (1666–1671) * Selihdar Hussain (1671–1674) * Abdulrahman Pasha (1674–1676) * Kablan Mustafa Marzonly (1676–1677) * Omar Pasha (1677–1681) * Ibrahim Pasha (1681–1684) * Omar Pasha (1684–1686) * Shokoh Ahmed Katkothah (1686–1686) * Omar Pasha (1686–1687) * Hassan P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kilan
Kilan ( fa, كيلان, or more properly, Kailan, also Romanized as Kīlān; also known as Kilun) is a city in the Central District of Damavand County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 3,038, in 913 families. The name is derived from the Tati tribe of Kailan/Khailan/Gailan who were settled in this region in tati period. Only still speak Tati language (Iran). The local folklore, however, produces a folk etymology for the now mysterious name as "meaning ' Kingsplace. The earliest human settlement near Kilan is the Neolithic site of Qaleh Asgar located about 1.2 km southeast of Kilan. The site was excavated by Enayatolah Amirlou, who assigned it to the Epipaleolithic period. A reexamination of archaeological finds by Fereidoun Biglari showed that the site is Neolithic and dates back to about 8000 years ago.Biglari, F. 2013 A Reconsideration of the Purported Epipaleolithic Assemblage of Qaleh Asgar, Alborz Mountains, Iranian Archaeology, Vol.3: 46 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qaradagh District
The Qaradagh District (; ckb, قەزای قەرەداغ, Qezay Qeredax) is a district of Sulaymaniyah Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq .... Its main town is Qaradagh. Kurdistan Region Statistics Office. Retrieved 25 October 2017. References Districts of Sulaymaniyah Province[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hilla
Hillah ( ar, ٱلْحِلَّة ''al-Ḥillah''), also spelled Hilla, is a city in central Iraq on the Hilla branch of the Euphrates River, south of Baghdad. The population is estimated at 364,700 in 1998. It is the capital of Babylon Province and is located adjacent to the ancient city of Babylon, and close to the ancient cities of Borsippa and Kish. It is situated in a predominantly agricultural region which is extensively irrigated with water provided by the Hilla canal, producing a wide range of crops, fruit and textiles. Its name may be derived from the word "beauty" in Arabic. The river runs exactly in the middle of the town, and it is surrounded by date palm trees and other forms of arid vegetation, reducing the harmful effects of dust and desert wind. The city was once a major center of Islamic scholarship and education. The tomb of the Jewish prophet Ezekiel is reputed to be located in a nearby village, Al Kifl. It became a major administrative centre during the ru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timar
A timar was a land grant by the sultans of the Ottoman Empire between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries, with an annual tax revenue of less than 20,000 akçes. The revenues produced from the land acted as compensation for military service. A holder of a timar was known as a timariot. If the revenues produced from the timar were from 20,000 to 100,000 ''akçes'', the land grant was called a ''zeamet'', and if they were above 100,000 ''akçes'', the grant would be called a ''hass''.Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 99 Timar system In the Ottoman Empire, the timar system was one in which the projected revenue of a conquered territory was distributed in the form of temporary land grants among the Sipahis (cavalrymen) and other members of the military class including Janissaries and other kuls (slaves) of the sultan. These prebends were given as compensation for annual military service, for which they received no pay. In rare circumstances women could become timar holders. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ziamet
Ziamet was a form of land tenure in the Ottoman Empire, consisting in grant of lands or revenues by the Ottoman Sultan to an individual in compensation for their services, especially military services. The ziamet system was introduced by Osman I, who granted land tenure to his troops. Later, this system was expanded by Murad I for his Sipahi. Background The Seljuq state, prior to the rise of the Ottoman State in the 14th century, utilized ziamets in an effort to implement provincial governors, who were also made subordinate chiefs in the military regime. In this pre-Ottoman period, timars were used with other tactics, such as building caravansaries, in an effort to sedentarize nomadic groups. The Ottoman state later took on this "timar system" after conquering Anatolia, and it represented just one of several institutions apparent in the Ottoman Empire derived from the Seljuq state. History The Ottoman Empire came into disarray due to problems asserting "central government control" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehmed Namık Pasha
Mehmed Emin Namık Pasha (1804 – 1892) was a prominent Ottoman statesman and military reformer, who is considered to be one of the founding fathers of the modern Ottoman Army. He served under five Sultans and acted as counsellor to at least four of them. He founded the ''Mekteb-i Harbiye'' (The Ottoman Military Academy), was twice Viceroy of the province of Bagdad, was the first ambassador of the Sublime Porte at Saint-James's Court, was appointed ''Serasker'' (Supreme Commander of the Ottoman Army), he served as Minister of War, became a Cabinet minister, and was conferred the title of ''Şeyh-ül Vüzera'' (Head of Imperial Ministers). During a long career that spanned a long lifetime (he lived to be eighty-eight), he was one of the personalities who shaped, as well as were themselves shaped by what historian İlber Ortaylı called “the longest century” of the Ottoman state (''İmparatorluğun En Uzun Yüzyılı'', 1983). His son, Hasan Riza Pasha , was a general in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Ridha Pasha
ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib ( ar, عَلِيّ بْن أَبِي طَالِب; 600 – 661 CE) was the last of four Rightly Guided Caliphs to rule Islam (r. 656 – 661) immediately after the death of Muhammad, and he was the first Shia Imam. The issue of his succession caused a major rift between Muslims and divided them into Shia and Sunni groups. Ali was assassinated in the Grand Mosque of Kufa in 661 by the forces of Mu'awiya, who went on to found the Umayyad Caliphate. The Imam Ali Shrine and the city of Najaf were built around Ali's tomb and it is visited yearly by millions of devotees. Ali was a cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, raised by him from the age of 5, and accepted his claim of divine revelation by age 11, being among the first to do so. Ali played a pivotal role in the early years of Islam while Muhammad was in Mecca and under severe persecution. After Muhammad's relocation to Medina in 622, Ali married his daughter Fatima and, among others, fathered Hasan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mamluk Dynasty Of Iraq
The Mamluk dynasty of Mesopotamia ( ar, مماليك العراق, Mamālīk al-ʻIrāq) was a dynasty of Georgian Mamluk origin which ruled over Iraq in the 18th and early 19th centuries. In the Ottoman Empire, Mamluks were freed slaves who converted to Islam, were trained in a special school, and then assigned to military and administrative duties. Such Mamluks presided over Ottoman Iraq from 1704 to 1831. The Mamluk ruling elite, composed principally of Georgian and Circassian origin from Caucasian officers, succeeded in asserting autonomy from their Ottoman overlords, and restored order and some degree of economic prosperity in the region. The Ottomans overthrew the Mamluk regime in 1831 and gradually imposed their direct rule over Iraq, which would last until World War I, although the Mamluks continued to be a dominant socio-political force in Iraq, as most of the administrative personnel of note in Baghdad were drawn from former Mamluk households, or comprised a cr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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