|
Elteber
Elteber ( otk, 𐰃𐰠𐱅𐰋𐰼, elteber or ''(h)elitbär''; Chinese 頡利發 ''xié-lì-fā'' < EMCh: *''γεt-liH-puat'') was the of an autonomous but or in the hierarchy of the Turkic khaganates including |
Almış
Almış or Almuš (Almysh Elteber, Almish Yiltawar, ar, ألمش بن يلطوار, , ), iltäbär of the Volga Bulgars, is believed to have been the first Muslim ruler (emir) of Volga Bulgaria. Almış was a son of Şilki (). He ruled the Volga Bulgars, probably from Bolghar, in c. 895-925. According to the controversial ''History of Jaˁfar'', Almış was a younger son of Şilki, and had succeeded his older brother Bat Ugïr as ruler. The same text identifies Almış with Álmos, the father of the Hungarian prince Árpád; this is perhaps unlikely despite the close correspondence of the names and the approximate synchronicity, although the Bulgars and Hungarians are believed to have shared some common Hunnic and/or Turkic elements in their origins. Initially a vassal of the Khazars, Almış struggled to assert the independence and unity of the Bulgar tribes in the area. Perhaps in part to do so more effectively, he sought to convert to Islam and sent ambassadors to the Abbas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alp Ilutuer
Alp Ilutuer was the Ilutuer (vassal ruler) of the North Caucasian Huns during the 680s CE. He is mentioned in the account of Bishop Israel of Caucasian Albania, who travelled to Alp Ilutuer's court. During his stay in the land of Huns in 681—682, Israel condemned their pagan beliefs and practices, and preached Christianity. His converts offered him to establish and lead a patriarchate there through a special request sent by Alp Iluetuer himself to Eliezer, the Catholicos of Caucasian Albania. However, the request was turned down due to Israel already having been assigned a congregation in Mets Kolmanķ. ''Alp'' is an Old Turkic word meaning "hero", though it also sometimes was used as a personal name. ''Ilutuer'' or Elteber is believed to be a cognate of the ancient Turkic title for a vassal ruler (in this case, vassal to the Khazars). Therefore, it is unclear whether Alp Ilutuer is a proper name, a title, or a combination of the two. In 670s he provoked some raids against ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shahi Tegin 728 CE
Shahi may refer to: Dynasties *Adil Shahi dynasty *Barid Shahi dynasty, which ruled the Bidar Sultanate *Hussain Shahi dynasty *Ilyas Shahi dynasty *Imad Shahi dynasty, which ruled the Berar Sultanate * Kabul Shahi (other) dynasty **Turk Shahi dynasty **Hindu Shahi dynasty *Nizam Shahi dynasty, which ruled the Ahmadnagar Sultanate * Qutb Shahi dynasty *Shahi Bangalah, another name for the Bengal Sultanate People *Sahi clan or Shahi, a clan of Muslim, Khatri (kshatri) and Sikh Jats found in Punjab region of Pakistan and India *Agha Shahi (1920–2006), Pakistani foreign minister * Laliteshwar Prasad Shahi (1920–2018), Congress party politician from Bihar * Ram Vinay Shahi, electrical company executive * Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi (born 1941), Muslim Sufi author, spiritual leader and founder of the spiritual movement Anjuman Serfaroshan-e-Islam *Sarah Shahi (born 1980), TV actress Other uses * Shahi, Uttar Pradesh, a town in Bareilly District, India * name of the tow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Fadlan
Aḥmad ibn Faḍlān ibn al-ʿAbbās ibn Rāšid ibn Ḥammād, ( ar, أحمد بن فضلان بن العباس بن راشد بن حماد; ) commonly known as Ahmad ibn Fadlan, was a 10th-century Muslim traveler, famous for his account of his travels as a member of an embassy of the Abbasid caliph, al-Muqtadir of Baghdad, to the king of the Volga Bulgars, known as his ("account" or "journal"). His account is most notable for providing a detailed description of the Volga Vikings, including eyewitness accounts of life as part of a trade caravan and witnessing a ship burial. He also notably described the lifestyle of the Oghuz turks while the Khazaria, Cumans, and Pechnegs were still around. Ibn Fadlan's detailed writings have been cited by numerous historians. They have also inspired entertainment works, including Michael Crichton's novel ''Eaters of the Dead'' and its film adaptation ''The 13th Warrior''. Biography Background Ahmad ibn Fadlan was described as an Arab in co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is a subregion of the Europe, European continent. As a largely ambiguous term, it has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, ethnic, cultural, and socio-economic connotations. The vast majority of the region is covered by Russia, which spans roughly 40% of the continent's landmass while accounting for approximately 15% of its total population."The Balkans" , ''Global Perspectives: A Remote Sensing and World Issues Site''. Wheeling Jesuit University/Center for Educational Technologies, 1999–2002. It represents a significant part of Culture of Europe, European culture; the main socio-cultural characteristics of Eastern Europe have historically been defined by the traditions of Slavs and Greeks, as well as by the influence of Eastern Christianity as it developed through t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proto-Indo-European Language
Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family. Its proposed features have been derived by linguistic reconstruction from documented Indo-European languages. No direct record of Proto-Indo-European exists. Far more work has gone into reconstructing PIE than any other proto-language, and it is the best understood of all proto-languages of its age. The majority of linguistic work during the 19th century was devoted to the reconstruction of PIE or its daughter languages, and many of the modern techniques of linguistic reconstruction (such as the comparative method) were developed as a result. PIE is hypothesized to have been spoken as a single language from 4500 BC to 2500 BC during the Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age, though estimates vary by more than a thousand years. According to the prevailing Kurgan hypothesis, the original homeland of the Proto-Indo-Europeans may have been in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proto-Iranian Language
Proto-Iranian or Proto-Iranic is the reconstructed proto-language of the Iranian languages branch of Indo-European language family and thus the ancestor of the Iranian languages such as Pashto, Persian, Sogdian, Zazaki, Ossetian, Mazandarani, Kurdish, Talysh and others. Its speakers, the hypothetical Proto-Iranians, are assumed to have lived in the 2nd millennium BC and are usually connected with the Andronovo archaeological horizon (see Indo-Iranians). Proto-Iranian was a satem language descended from the Proto-Indo-Iranian language, which in turn, came from the Proto-Indo-European language. It was likely removed less than a millennium from the Avestan language, and less than two millennia from Proto-Indo-European. Dialects Skjærvø postulates that there were at least four dialects that initially developed out of Proto-Iranian, two of which are attested by texts: # ''Old Northwest Iranian'' (unattested, ancestor of Ossetian) # ''Old Northeast Iranian'' (unattested, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sogdian Language
The Sogdian language was an Eastern Iranian languages, Eastern Iranian language spoken mainly in the Central Asian region of Sogdia (capital: Samarkand; other chief cities: Panjakent, Fergana, Khujand, and Bukhara), located in modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan; it was also spoken by some Sogdian immigrant communities in ancient China. Sogdian is one of the most important Iranian languages#Middle Iranian languages, Middle Iranian languages, along with Bactrian language, Bactrian, Saka language, Khotanese Saka, Middle Persian, and Parthian language, Parthian. It possesses a large literary corpus. The Sogdian language is usually assigned to a Northeastern group of the Iranian languages. No direct evidence of an earlier version of the language ("Old Sogdian") has been found, although mention of the area in the Old Persian inscriptions means that a separate and recognisable Sogdia existed at least since the Achaemenid Empire (559–323 BCE). Like Khotanese, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bactrian Language
Bactrian (, , ) is an extinct Eastern Iranian language formerly spoken in the Central Asian region of Bactria (in present-day Afghanistan) and used as the official language of the Kushan, and the Hephthalite empires. Name It was long thought that Avestan represented "Old Bactrian", but this notion had "rightly fallen into discredit by the end of the 19th century". Bactrian, which was written predominantly in an alphabet based on the Greek script, was known natively as ("Arya"; an endonym common amongst Indo-Iranian peoples). It has also been known by names such as Greco-Bactrian, Kushan or Kushano-Bactrian. Under Kushan rule, Bactria became known as ''Tukhara'' or ''Tokhara'', and later as ''Tokharistan''. When texts in two extinct and previously unknown Indo-European languages were discovered in the Tarim Basin of China, during the early 20th century, they were linked circumstantially to Tokharistan, and Bactrian was sometimes referred to as "Eteo-Tocharian" (i.e. "true ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
András Róna-Tas
András Róna-Tas (born 30 December 1931) is a Hungarian historian and linguist. He was born in 1931 in Budapest. Róna-Tas studied under such preeminent professors as Gyula Ortutay and Lajos Ligeti, and received a degree in folklore and eastern linguistics (Tibetan, Mongol, and Turkic.) From 1956, he worked at the Faculty of Humanities of the Eötvös Loránd University. In 1957-58, Róna-Tas conducted anthropological fieldwork in Mongolia, studying the culture, language, and folklore of the nomadic tribes in that country. During the mid-1960s Róna-Tas focused his fieldwork on the Chuvash people of the middle Volga River basin. In 1964, Róna-Tas defended his candidates (CSc) degree, and finally in 1971 he earned a doctorate from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (DSc) with his thesis "The Theory of Linguistic Affinity and the Linguistic Relations between the Chuvash and Mongol Languages", published as ''Linguistic Affinity'' in 1978. From 1968-2002, Róna-Tas was professor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcel Erdal
Marcel Erdal (born July 8, 1945) is a linguist and Turkologist, professor and head of the Turcology department at the Goethe University in Frankfurt. He graduated from Robert College (Istanbul) in 1963. Publications * ''The Turkic Nagy-Szent-Miklos Inscription in Greek Letters'', 1988 * ''Old Turkic Word Formation: A Functional Approach to the Lexicon'', 1991 * ''Die Sprache der wolgabolgarischen Inschriften'', 1993 * ''A Grammar of Old Turkic'', 2004 References External links Marcel Erdal'sProfile at Frankfurt UniversityMarcel Erdalat WorldCat WorldCat is a union catalog that itemizes the collections of tens of thousands of institutions (mostly libraries), in many countries, that are current or past members of the OCLC global cooperative. It is operated by OCLC, Inc. Many of the OCL ... Linguists of Turkic languages Linguists from Germany Living people 1945 births Goethe University Frankfurt faculty Robert College alumni {{Germany-linguist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kültegin
, native_name_lang = otk , image = Turkic Head of Koltegin Statue (35324303410).jpg , caption = Bust of Kul Tigin found at the Khoshoo Tsaidam burial site, in Khashaat, Arkhangai Province, Orkhon River valley. Located in the National Museum of Mongolia. , birth_date = 684 , death_date = , allegiance = Second Turkic Khaganate , battles = Battle of BolchuTransoxiana CampaignBattle of Iduk BashBattle of Ming ShaBattle of Sayan Mountains , relations = Ilterish Qaghan (father)El Bilga Khatun (mother)Bilge Khagan (brother) , rank = Tarkhan (posthumously) , memorials = Orkhon inscriptions , religion=Tengrism Kul Tigin ( otk, 𐰚𐰇𐰠𐱅𐰃𐰏𐰤, Kültegin zh, 闕 特 勤, Pinyin: Quètèqín, Wade-Giles: chüeh-t'e-ch'in, Xiao'erjing: ٿُؤ تْ ٿٍ, AD 684–731) was a general and a prince of the Second Turkic Khaganate. Etymology Necip Asım (1921) for the first time did read his name as ''köl'', based on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Sogdian Language")
