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Efe (zeibek)
The Efe were the leaders of Turkish irregular soldiers and guerillas from the Aegean Region of Turkey, called the Zeybeks and Kızan. There are several theories about the origins of the word ''Efe''. The organization of the Efe and Zeybeks were first seen in the 16th century during the Jelali revolts which dismantled power throughout the Ottoman Empire. After that time, men who rebelled against local pressures and injustices and settled in the mountains were called ''Efe'' or ''Zeybek''. The Efe were distinctive in their attire, weapons and general appearance, which were created for survival and to best suit the life of an Efe. For example, they wore shorter trousers than were common at the time, and a yataghan with only one side with a sharpened point which was useful in mêlée combat. After the World War I Efes were known for leading their bands of Zeybeks in guerrilla strikes against the Greek forces during the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922), before voluntarily joining the ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatolia
Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The region is bounded by the Turkish Straits to the northwest, the Black Sea to the north, the Armenian Highlands to the east, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the west. The Sea of Marmara forms a connection between the Black and Aegean seas through the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits and separates Anatolia from Thrace on the Balkan peninsula of Southeast Europe. The eastern border of Anatolia has been held to be a line between the Gulf of Alexandretta and the Black Sea, bounded by the Armenian Highlands to the east and Mesopotamia to the southeast. By this definition Anatolia comprises approximately the western two-thirds of the Asian part of Turkey. Today, Anatolia is sometimes considered to be synonymous with Asian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titles
A title is one or more words used before or after a person's name, in certain contexts. It may signify either generation, an official position, or a professional or academic qualification. In some languages, titles may be inserted between the first and last name (for example, ''Graf'' in German, Cardinal in Catholic usage (Richard Cardinal Cushing) or clerical titles such as Archbishop). Some titles are hereditary. Types Titles include: * Honorific titles or styles of address, a phrase used to convey respect to the recipient of a communication, or to recognize an attribute such as: ** Imperial, royal and noble ranks ** Academic degree ** Social titles, prevalent among certain sections of society due to historic or other reasons. ** Other accomplishment, as with a title of honor * Title of authority, an identifier that specifies the office or position held by an official Titles in English-speaking areas Common titles * Mr. – Adult man (regardless of marital status) * Ms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Culture
The culture of Turkey ( tr, Türkiye Kültürü) combines a heavily diverse and heterogeneous set of elements that have been derived from the various cultures of the Eastern Mediterranean, Eastern Europe, Caucasia, Middle East and Central Asia traditions. Many of these traditions were initially brought together by the Ottoman Empire, a multi-ethnic and multi-religious state. During the early years of the Republic of Turkey, the government invested a large amount of resources into fine arts such as paintings, sculpture and architecture. This was done as both a process of modernization and of creating a cultural identity. People History The Ottoman system was a multi-ethnic state that enabled people within it not to mix with each other and thereby retain separate ethnic and religious identities within the empire (albeit with a dominant Turkish and Southern European ruling class). Upon the fall of the empire after World War I the Turkish Republic adopted a unitary approach, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gökçen Efe
Gökçen Efe (1891 – 16 November 1919) was a Turkish folk hero, who showed bravery during the Turkish War of Independence. Life He was born in Ödemiş, İzmir Province. His real name was Hüseyin, but he used the name Gökçen Efe after choosing to live an efe life as an aide to the well-known Çakırcalı Mehmet Efe (1872–1911), who was his relative. After Greek army began invading Turkish territory on 15 May 1919, he began to fight against the regular Greek troops as a guerrilla fighter under the general principles of Turkish National Movement ( tr, Kuvai Milliye). During the summer of 1919, he fought successfully against the Greek troops usually with hit-and-run tactics Hit-and-run tactics are a tactical doctrine of using short surprise attacks, withdrawing before the enemy can respond in force, and constantly maneuvering to avoid full engagement with the enemy. The purpose is not to decisively defeat the ene .... In November, he tried to confront a Greek advance in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Çakırcalı Mehmet Efe
Çakırcalı Mehmet Efe (1872–1911) was a Zeybek, who was active as an outlaw in the region enclosing İzmir, Aydın, Denizli, Muğla and Antalya in modern western Turkey, from 1893 to 1910. Born in Ödemiş in 1871, he went out to the Aegean mountains at the age of 22 seeking revenge for his father, Çakırcalı Koca Ahmet Efe, who was murdered by an Ottoman sergeant. While the political standing of Çakırcalı is controversial, he is generally recognized as a legendary efe, who was protective of common people, fought against authority, and established justice in regions of his control. He also called by the Ottoman Empire "kirserdar" in other words commander-in-chief (of an army) a military rank in Ottoman Empire. But he decided to be in charge on his own. In 1911, he was killed by Ottoman security forces during a fight and decapitated by his own men in order to prevent the identification of the body. Until the year 1948 his body was on the mountain where he was killed; his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gökçen Huseyin Efe
Gökçen is a Turkish given name which means "beautiful woman", "blue-eyed woman", or "belonging to the sky", and may refer to: Given names * Gökçen Denkel (born 1985), Turkish female volleyball player * Gökçen Efe (1881–1919), Turkish folk hero Surname * Kemalettin Sami Gökçen (1884–1934), officer of the Ottoman Army and general of the Turkish Army * Sabiha Gökçen (1913–2001), Turkish female aviator Place * Gökçen, Ä°zmir, a town in Ä°zmir Province * Gökçen, Kocaköy See also * Sabiha Gökçen International Airport Sabiha is an Arabic word () meaning "Morning" and a female given name. In Urdu it (خوبصورت، گوری Ú†Ù¹ÛŒ) refers to beautiful, and blonde hair. People with the name include: People Given name *Sabiha Sultan ota, رقیه صبیØÙ‡ س٠..., an airport in Istanbul {{DEFAULTSORT:Gokcen Turkish-language surnames Turkish feminine given names Turkish masculine given names ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molla Ahmet Efe
Molla may refer to: People * Abdul Quader Molla (1948–2013), Bangladeshi Islamist leader, writer and politician convicted and executed for war crimes * Abdur Razzak Molla (born 1944), Indian politician * Atukuri Molla (1440–1530), Telugu poet * Gaetano Molla (1845–1894), Italian impresario, conductor, pianist and opera director * Getaneh Molla (born 1994), Ethiopian long-distance runner * Gianna Beretta Molla (1922–1962), Italian Roman Catholic pediatrician who refused a life-threatening abortion and a hysterectomy * Giasuddin Molla (born 1956), Indian politician * Jordi Mollà (born 1968), Spanish actor * José Mollá (born 1967), Argentine businessman * Manik Hossain Molla (born 1999), Bangladeshi footballer * Moslem Ali Molla, East Pakistan member of parliament * Oleg Molla (born 1986), Moldovan footballer * Rahamatulla Molla (born 1987), Indian former athlete * Saokat Molla (born 1971), Indian politician * Shlomo Molla (born 1965), Israeli politician * Solomon Molla (bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atçalı Kel Mehmet Efe
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Atçalı can refer to: * Atçalı, Çorum * Atçalı Kel Mehmet Atçalı Kel Mehmet Efe (1780–1830) was a Zeibeks, Zeybek, who led a local revolt against the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman's authority and established control of the Aydın region for a short period between 1829 and 1830 (''during the reign of'' Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
