Educationally Subnormal
Educationally subnormal was a term used historically in the United Kingdom to refer to children with very limited intellectual abilities. Throughout much of the 20th century, British education policy focused on separating these children from the wider school population and they were often viewed as being incapable of meaningful improvement. Children placed in this category were disproportionately boys, from less wealthy households and immigrant families. The term "mentally defective" was used in the early 20th century to refer to children and adults with Intellectual disability, intellectual disabilities. Beginning in the 1910s, children deemed to be in this category began to be formally classified as such and were taken into the custody of the state if their home environment was believed to be unsuitable. Separate schools were also established for "mentally defective" children who remained in the custody of their parents. Following World War II, these children began to be forma ...
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Intellectual Disability
Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability in the United Kingdom and formerly mental retardation,Rosa's Law, Pub. L. 111-256124 Stat. 2643(2010). is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning. It is defined by an IQ under 70, in addition to deficits in two or more adaptive behaviors that affect everyday, general living. Intellectual functions are defined under DSM-V as reasoning, problem‑solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from instruction and experience, and practical understanding confirmed by both clinical assessment and standardized tests. Adaptive behavior is defined in terms of conceptual, social, and practical skills involving tasks performed by people in their everyday lives. Intellectual disability is subdivided into syndromic intellectual disability, in which intellectual deficits associated with other medical and be ...
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