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Euechinoidea
The subclass Euechinoidea includes almost all living species of sea urchin, and fossil forms going back as far as the Triassic. Taxonomy List of orders according to World Register of Marine Species : * Infra-classis '' Acroechinoidea'' ** Order '' Aspidodiadematoida'' ** Order '' Diadematoida'' ** Order '' Micropygoida'' ** Order ''Pedinoida'' * Infra-classis ''Carinacea'' ** Super-order '' Calycina'' *** Order '' Phymosomatoida'' †*** Order ''Salenioida'' ** Super-order ''Echinacea'' *** Order ''Arbacioida'' *** Order '' Camarodonta'' *** Order '' Stomopneustoida'' * Order ''Echinothurioida'' * Infra-classis ''Irregularia'' ** Super-order ''Atelostomata'' *** Order ''Holasteroida'' *** Order ''Spatangoida'' ** Order '' Echinoneoida'' ** Order ''Holectypoida'' †** Super-order ''Neognathostomata'' *** Order ''Cassiduloida'' *** Order ''Clypeasteroida'' *** Order '' Echinolampadoida'' *** Order '' Nucleolitidae'' †File:Spatangus purpureus rob.jpg , '' Spatangus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sea Urchin
Sea urchins () are spiny, globular echinoderms in the class Echinoidea. About 950 species of sea urchin live on the seabed of every ocean and inhabit every depth zone from the intertidal seashore down to . The spherical, hard shells (tests) of sea urchins are round and spiny, ranging in diameter from . Sea urchins move slowly, crawling with tube feet, and also propel themselves with their spines. Although algae are the primary diet, sea urchins also eat slow-moving (sessile) animals. Predators that eat sea urchins include a wide variety of fish, starfish, crabs, marine mammals. Sea urchins are also used as food especially in Japan. Adult sea urchins have fivefold symmetry, but their pluteus larvae feature bilateral (mirror) symmetry, indicating that the sea urchin belongs to the Bilateria group of animal phyla, which also comprises the chordates and the arthropods, the annelids and the molluscs, and are found in every ocean and in every climate, from the tropics to the pol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedinoida
Pedinoida is an order of sea urchins, containing the single living genus ''Caenopedina''. The group was much more diverse during the Mesozoic, and represents the oldest surviving order of euechinoid sea urchins. They are distinguished from other sea urchins by the presence of a rigid test with tessellated plates. While their primary spines are solid, the smaller ones may be hollow, further distinguishing them from the closely related orders Diadematoida and Echinothurioida The Echinothurioida are an order of sea urchins in the class Echinoidea. Echinothurioids are distinguished from other sea urchins by the combination of a flexible test and hollow spines. The membrane around the mouth contains only simple plat ..., which possess only hollow spines. References * * Extant Early Triassic first appearances {{echinoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinacea (animal)
The Echinacea are a superorder of sea urchins. They are distinguished by the presence of a rigid test, with ten buccal plates around the mouth, and solid spines. Unlike some other sea urchins, they also possess gills. The group is a large one, with species found worldwide. Echinacea are part of Animalia (kingdom), Echinodermata (phylum), Echinozoa (subphylum), Echinoidea (class), Euechinoidea (subclass), Carinacea (infraclass). Child taxa According to World Register of Marine Species The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms. Content The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scientific specialis ...: * Order Arbacioida (Gregory, 1900) -- 1 family and 2 fossiles * Order Camarodonta (Jackson, 1912) ** Infraorder Echinidea (Kroh & Smith, 2010) -- 5 families ** Infraorder Temnopleuridea (Kroh & Smith, 2010) -- 2 families and 2 fossiles * Orde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinothurioida
The Echinothurioida are an order of sea urchins in the class Echinoidea. Echinothurioids are distinguished from other sea urchins by the combination of a flexible test and hollow spines. The membrane around the mouth contains only simple plates, in contrast to the more complex mouth parts of their close relatives, the Diadematoida. They are nearly all deepsea dwellers. Characteristics Echinothurioids have regular tests (shells) with 10 columns of plates. These plates are fused in groups of three with a central primary plate and a half plate on either side. The edge of each group of plates overlaps the next one in the manner of tiles on a roof and this means the test is flexible. These animals usually collapse to a disc shape when brought to the surface. The primary tubercles which articulate with the spines are each perforated by a hole and the spines are hollow. The primary spines are usually long and are used to support the test and in locomotion. In many species, the seconda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paracentrotus Lividus
''Paracentrotus lividus'' is a species of sea urchin in the family Parechinidae commonly known as the purple sea urchin. It is the type species of the genus and occurs in the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic Ocean. Description ''Paracentrotus lividus'' has a circular, flattened greenish test with a diameter of up to seven centimetres. The test is densely clothed in long and sharply pointed spines that are usually purple but are occasionally other colours including dark brown, light brown and olive green. There are five or six pairs of pores on each ambulacral plate. The tube feet are in groups of 5 or 6, arranged in small arcs.Purple sea urchin - ''Paracentrotus lividus'' |
Spatangoida
The heart urchins or Spatangoida are an order of sea urchins. Their body is a somewhat elongated oval in form, and is distinguished by the mouth being placed towards one end of the animal, and the anus towards the other. As a result, heart urchins, unlike most other sea urchins, are bilaterally symmetrical, and have a distinct anterior surface. The presence and position of the mouth and anus typically give members of this group the distinct "heart" shape from which they get their name. Heart urchins have no feeding lantern, and often have petaloids sunk into grooves. They are a relatively diverse order, with a number of varying species. Taxonomy According to World Register of Marine Species : * suborder Brissidina Stockley, Smith, Littlewood, Lessios & MacKenzie-Dodds, 2005 ** family Asterostomatidae Pictet, 1857 ** family Brissidae Gray, 1855 ** family Palaeotropidae Lambert, 1896 ** super-family Spatangidea Fischer, 1966 *** family Eupatagidae Lambert, 1905 *** family ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stomopneustoida
Stomopneustoida is an order of echinoderms belonging to the class Echinoidea Sea urchins () are spiny, globular echinoderms in the class Echinoidea. About 950 species of sea urchin live on the seabed of every ocean and inhabit every depth zone from the intertidal seashore down to . The spherical, hard shells ( tests) .... Families: * Glyptocidaridae * Stomechinidae * Stomopneustidae References Echinoidea Echinoderm orders {{echinoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irregularia
Irregularia is an extant infraclass of sea urchins that first appeared in the Lower Jurassic. Description and characteristics These particular sea urchins are distinguished from other sea urchins by their irregular shape: the anus and often even the mouth are no more at the two poles of the test, creating a bilateral symmetry instead of the classical 5-fold symmetry of echinoderms. The group includes the well known heart urchins, as well as flattened sand dollars, sea biscuits and some other forms. Most of them live inside the sediment, moving in thanks to their particular spines, and feed on its organic fraction. Image:Heart urchin Spatangoida 1380049 Nevit.jpg, Image:Echinocyamus pusillus.jpg, Image:Keyhole sand dollar 01.jpg, Image:Live Sand Dollar trying to bury itself in beach sand.jpg, Image:Clypeaster reticulatus both sides.jpg, Image:Encope emarginata (Leske, 1778) derivate 2013.jpg, Image :Clypeaster rosaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) derivate 2013.jpg, Image:Clyp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holasteroida
Holasteroida is an order of irregular sea urchins. Characteristics These irregular sea urchins are characterized by a particularly marked bilateral symmetry, including for the apical system, which is highly elongated. In some contemporary abyssal groups such as Pourtalesiidae, some species are even bottle-shaped. The mouth (peristome) does not contain an Aristotle's lantern. The anus (periproct) has migrated towards the periphery of the test. The plastron is never amphisternous. Image:MHNT - Hemipneustes pyrenaicus - 1.jpg, Fossile of '' Hemipneustes pyrenaicus'' ( Hemipneustidae, Maastrichtian) Image:Echinosigra amphora.jpg, '' Echinosigra amphora'' ( Pourtalesiidae) This order seems to have appeared at the lower Cretaceous. List of families According to World Register of Marine Species : * Family Hemipneustidae (Lambert, 1917) †** genus '' Hemipneustes'' L. Agassiz, 1835 †** genus '' Medjesia'' Jeffery, 1997 †** genus '' Opisopneustes'' Gauthier, 1889 †... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holectypoida
The Holectypoida are an order of sea urchins related to the sand dollars. The order consists of just two living genera, but was once more diverse. Description and characteristics In appearance, the living holectypoids are similar to sand dollars, but with less flattened bodies and an oval outline. They also lack the petal-like patterns found on the bodies of sand dollars. Taxonomy According to World Register of Marine Species The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms. Content The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scientific specialis ... : * family Anorthopygidae Wagner & Durham, 1966b †* family Coenholectypidae Smith & Wright, 1999 †* family Discoididae Lambert, 1900 * family Holectypidae Lambert, 1900 †References * Gnathostomata (echinoid) Extant Early Jurassic first appearances {{echinoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinoneoida
Echinoneoida is an order of echinoderms belonging to the class Echinoidea Sea urchins () are spiny, globular echinoderms in the class Echinoidea. About 950 species of sea urchin live on the seabed of every ocean and inhabit every depth zone from the intertidal seashore down to . The spherical, hard shells ( tests) .... Families: * Conulidae * Echinoneidae * Galeritidae * Neoglobatoridae References Echinoidea {{echinoidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arbacioida
Arbacioida are an order (biology), order of sea urchins, consisting of a single family, the Arbaciidae. They are distinguished from other sea urchins by the presence of five separate plates around the anus. Unlike their close relatives, the Salenioida, all of the tubercles on their tests are of similar size. Genera: *''Arbacia'' Gray, 1835 *''Arbaciella'' Mortensen, 1910a *''Arbia (echinoderm), Arbia'' Cooke, 1948†*''Baueria'' Noetling, 1885†*''Codiopsis'' Louis Agassiz, Agassiz, in Agassiz & Desor, 1846†*''Coelopleurus'' Louis Agassiz, Agassiz, 1840a *''Cottaldia'' Desor, 1856 †*''Dialithocidaris'' Alexander Agassiz, Agassiz, 1898 *''Habrocidaris'' Alexander Agassiz, Agassiz & Clark, 1907b *''Podocidaris'' Alexander Agassiz, Agassiz, 1869 *''Pygmaeocidaris'' Ludwig Heinrich Philipp Döderlein, Döderlein, 1905 *''Sexpyga'' Shigei, 1975 *''Tetrapygus'' Louis Agassiz, Agassiz, 1841b References * * Arbacioida, Extant Middle Jurassic first appearances {{Echi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
