The subclass Euechinoidea includes almost all living species of
sea urchin, and fossil forms going back as far as the
Triassic
The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system (stratigraphy), system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago (Year#Abbreviations yr and ya, Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 ...
.
Taxonomy
List of orders according to
World Register of Marine Species
The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms.
Content
The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scientific specialis ...
:
* Infra-classis ''
Acroechinoidea''
** Order ''
Aspidodiadematoida''
** Order ''
Diadematoida''
** Order ''
Micropygoida''
** Order ''
Pedinoida''
* Infra-classis ''
Carinacea''
** Super-order ''
Calycina''
*** Order ''
Phymosomatoida'' †
*** Order ''
Salenioida
The Salenioida are an order of sea urchins.
Description and characteristics
They are distinguished from other sea urchins by the presence of a large plate on the upper surface, with the anus to one side. They have very large tubercles between ...
''
** Super-order ''
Echinacea
''Echinacea'' is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the daisy family. It has ten species, which are commonly called coneflowers. They are found only in eastern and central North America, where they grow in moist to dry prairies and open ...
''
*** Order ''
Arbacioida''
*** Order ''
Camarodonta''
*** Order ''
Stomopneustoida''
* Order ''
Echinothurioida
The Echinothurioida are an order of sea urchins in the class Echinoidea. Echinothurioids are distinguished from other sea urchins by the combination of a flexible test and hollow spines. The membrane around the mouth contains only simple plat ...
''
* Infra-classis ''
Irregularia''
** Super-order ''
Atelostomata''
*** Order ''
Holasteroida''
*** Order ''
Spatangoida''
** Order ''
Echinoneoida''
** Order ''
Holectypoida'' †
** Super-order ''
Neognathostomata''
*** Order ''
Cassiduloida''
*** Order ''
Clypeasteroida
Sand dollars (also known as a sea cookie or snapper biscuit in New Zealand, or pansy shell in South Africa) are species of flat, burrowing sea urchins belonging to the order Clypeasteroida. Some species within the order, not quite as flat, are k ...
''
*** Order ''
Echinolampadoida''
*** Order ''
Nucleolitidae'' †
File:Spatangus purpureus rob.jpg , '' Spatangus purpureus''
File:Astropyga radiata2.jpg, '' Astropyga radiata''
Image:Paracentrotus lividus profil.JPG, ''Paracentrotus lividus
''Paracentrotus lividus'' is a species of sea urchin in the family Parechinidae commonly known as the purple sea urchin. It is the type species of the genus and occurs in the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic Ocean.
Description
''Paracent ...
''
File:Echinocyamus pusillus.jpg, '' Echinocyamus pusillus''
File:Fire Urchin Asthenosoma varium.jpg, '' Asthenosoma varium''.
Echinoidea
Extant Late Triassic first appearances
Taxa named by Heinrich Georg Bronn
{{echinoidea-stub