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Drive-by-wire
Drive by wire, DbW, by-wire, steer-by-wire, fly-by-wire or x-by-wire technology in the automotive or aviation industry is the use of electrical or electro-mechanical systems for performing vehicle functions traditionally achieved by mechanical linkages. This technology replaces the traditional mechanical control systems with electronic control systems using electromechanical actuators and human–machine interfaces such as pedal and steering feel emulators. Components such as the steering column, intermediate shafts, pumps, hoses, belts, coolers and vacuum servos and master cylinders are eliminated from the vehicle. This is similar to the fly-by-wire systems used widely in the aviation industry. Examples include electronic throttle control and brake-by-wire. Advantages The electronic throttle system is significantly lighter, reducing weight in modern cars. They are easier to service and tune, as a technician can simply connect a computer and let the computer perform the tunin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brake-by-wire
In the automotive industry, brake-by-wire technology is the ability to control brakes through electrical means. It can be designed to supplement ordinary service brakes or it can be a standalone brake system. This technology is widely used on all hybrid and battery electric vehicles, including the Toyota Prius. Brake-by-wire is also common in the form of the electric park brake which is now widely used on mainstream vehicles. The technology supplements traditional components such as the pumps, hoses, fluids, belts and vacuum servos and master cylinders with electronic sensors and actuators. Drive-by-wire technology in automotive industry replaces the traditional mechanical and hydraulic control systems with electronic control systems using electromechanical actuators and human–machine interfaces such as pedal and steering feel emulators. Some x-by-wire technologies have been already installed on commercial vehicles such as steer-by-wire, and throttle-by-wire. Brake-by-wire te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fly-by-wire
Fly-by-wire (FBW) is a system that replaces the conventional manual flight controls of an aircraft with an electronic interface. The movements of flight controls are converted to electronic signals transmitted by wires, and flight control computers determine how to move the actuators at each control surface to provide the ordered response. It can use mechanical flight control backup systems (like the Boeing 777) or use fully fly-by-wire controls.Fly by Wire Flight Control Systems Sutherland Improved fully fly-by-wire systems interpret the pilot's control inputs as a desired outcome and calculate the control surface positions required to achieve that outcome; this results in various combinations of rudder, elevator, aileron, flaps and engine controls in differ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unimog
The Unimog (, ) is a range of multi-purpose tractors, trucks and lorries that has been produced by Boehringer from 1948 until 1951, and by Daimler Truck (formerly Daimler-Benz, DaimlerChrysler and Daimler AG) since 1951. In the United States and Canada, the Unimog was sold as the Freightliner Unimog. Unimog production started in 1948 at in Göppingen. Daimler-Benz took over manufacture of the Unimog in 1951, and first produced it in their Gaggenau plant. From 1951, the Unimog was sold under the Mercedes-Benz brand. However, the first Unimog to feature the three-pointed Mercedes-Benz star was only introduced in 1953. Since 2002, the Unimog has been built in the Mercedes-Benz truck plant in Wörth am Rhein in Germany. The Mercedes-Benz Türk A.Ş. plant assembles Unimogs in Aksaray, Turkey. Unimogs were also built in Argentina (first ever country to do so outside Germany) by Mercedes-Benz Argentina S.A. under licence from 1968 until 1983 (with some extra units built until 1991 o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vehicle Braking Technologies
A vehicle (from la, vehiculum) is a machine that transports people or cargo. Vehicles include wagons, bicycles, motor vehicles (motorcycles, cars, trucks, buses, mobility scooters for disabled people), railed vehicles (trains, trams), watercraft (ships, boats, underwater vehicles), amphibious vehicles (screw-propelled vehicles, hovercraft), aircraft (airplanes, helicopters, aerostats) and spacecraft.Halsey, William D. (Editorial Director): ''MacMillan Contemporary Dictionary'', page 1106. MacMillan Publishing, 1979. Land vehicles are classified broadly by what is used to apply steering and drive forces against the ground: wheeled, tracked, railed or skied. ISO 3833-1977 is the standard, also internationally used in legislation, for road vehicles types, terms and definitions. History * The oldest boats found by archaeological excavation are logboats, with the oldest logboat found, the Pesse canoe found in a bog in the Netherlands, being carbon dated to 8040 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Automotive Engineering
Automotive engineering, along with aerospace engineering and naval architecture, is a branch of vehicle engineering, incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software, and safety engineering as applied to the design, manufacture and operation of motorcycles, automobiles, and trucks and their respective engineering subsystems. It also includes modification of vehicles. Manufacturing domain deals with the creation and assembling the whole parts of automobiles is also included in it. The automotive engineering field is research intensive and involves direct application of mathematical models and formulas. The study of automotive engineering is to design, develop, fabricate, and test vehicles or vehicle components from the concept stage to production stage. Production, development, and manufacturing are the three major functions in this field. Disciplines Automobile engineering Automobile engineering is a branch study of engineering which teaches manufacturi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudden Unintended Acceleration
Sudden unintended acceleration (SUA) is the unintended, unexpected, uncontrolled acceleration of a vehicle, often accompanied by an apparent loss of braking effectiveness. Such problems may be caused by driver error (e.g., pedal misapplication), mechanical or electrical problems, or some combination of these factors. The US NHTSA estimates 16,000 accidents per year in the United States occur when drivers intend to apply the brake but mistakenly apply the accelerator. Definition and background In the 1980s, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) reported a narrow definition of sudden acceleration only from near standstill in their 1989 ''Sudden Acceleration Report'': "Sudden acceleration incidents" (SAI) are defined for the purpose of this report as unintended, unexpected, high-power accelerations from a stationary position or a very low initial speed accompanied by an apparent loss of braking effectiveness. In a typical scenario, the incident begins at th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parking Pawl
A parking pawl is a device fitted to a motor vehicle's automatic transmission that locks up the transmission when the transmission shift lever selector is placed in the Park position. "Park" is the first position of the lever (topmost on a column shift, frontmost on a floor shift) in all cars sold in the United States since 1965 (when the order was standardised by the ''Society of Automotive Engineers'' (SAE)) through ''SAE J915'', and in most other vehicles worldwide. Design and operation The parking pawl locks the transmission's ''output shaft'' to the transmission casing by engaging a ''pawl'' (a pin) that engages in a notched wheel on the shaft, stopping it (and thus the driven wheels) from rotating. The main components of a parking pawl mechanism are the parking gear, parking pawl, actuator rod, cam collar, cam plate, pivot pin, and parking pawl return spring. The mechanism assembly is designed so that the parking pawl tooth collides and overrides the parking gear teeth (ratc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mercedes-AMG GT
The Mercedes-AMG GT (C190 / R190) is a grand tourer produced in coupé and roadster bodystyles by German automobile manufacturer Mercedes-AMG. The car was introduced on and was officially unveiled to the public in October 2014 at the Paris Motor Show. After the SLS AMG, it is the second sports car developed entirely in-house by Mercedes-AMG. The Mercedes-AMG GT went on sale in two variants (GT and GT S) in March 2015, while a GT3 racing variant of the car was introduced in 2015. A high performance variant called the GT R was introduced in 2016. A GT4 racing variant, targeted at semi-professional drivers and based on the GT R variant, was introduced in 2017. Recently, a new variant called the AMG GT Black series has been released. All variants are assembled at the Mercedes-Benz plant in Sindelfingen, Germany. On 28 October 2021, Mercedes-Benz announced the new Mercedes-AMG R232 SL-Class as the direct successor for the roadster version. History The interior of the Merce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2021 24 Hours Of Nürburgring
__FORCETOC__ The 2021 Nürburgring 24 Hours (officially known as ADAC Total 24h Race at the Nürburgring Nordschleife for sponsorship reasons) was the 49th running of the Nürburgring 24 Hours and took place over 3–6 June 2021. The Manthey Racing Porsche 911 GT3 won the race with the Rowe Racing BMW M6 in second. Rowe Racing and BMW were the defending winners from the previous year's race. The race was the shortest-ever in terms of both laps and run time, with the winner only completing fifty-nine laps in less than 10 hours of green- and yellow-flag running as a result of torrential rain and heavy fog. It included a large number of different classes of car, varying in speed from Group GT3 sport cars to a Dacia Logan. Of the 121 cars that started the race, ninety-nine finished. Entry list Race results *Entries in bold are class winners. *Drivers in ''italics'' were entered in cars that completed the race, however did not complete the required two laps to be classified as a f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porsche 982
The Porsche 982 is the internal designation of the fourth generation Boxster/Cayman (third generation Cayman) made by German automobile manufacturer Porsche. With the switch to a new turbocharged flat-four engine the marketing name for the models was changed to Porsche 718, in reference to the 718, which won the Targa Florio race in 1959 and 1960. The name is meant to evoke Porsche's past racing successes with light cars like the 718 that outmaneuvered competitors with larger and more powerful engines. 718 Boxster and Cayman 718 Boxster and Cayman / 718 Boxster and Cayman S The 718 Boxster was introduced in January 2016, and premiered at the 2016 Geneva Motor Show. The 718 Cayman joined the range in April at the Beijing Motor Show. The 718 featured two new horizontally-opposed flat-4 turbocharged engines at 2.0-litre (Boxster/Cayman) and 2.5-litre (Boxster S/Cayman S) displacement with increased torque and horsepower with lower fuel consumption. The S model turbocharger utili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2020 24 Hours Of Nürburgring
The 2020 ADAC 24 Hours of Nürburgring (also known as ADAC Total 24h Race at the Nürburgring Nordschleife for sponsorship reasons) was the 48th running of the 24 Hours of Nürburgring. It took place on 24–27 September 2020. Although it was previously scheduled to held on 21–23 May, it was announced on 17 March that the race would be postponed to September due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Background The 48th running of the 24 Hours of Nürburgring took place on 24–27 September 2020. It was previously scheduled to held on 21–23 May, but in March the race was postponed for the first time ever to September due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The qualifying race that is usually held in April was cancelled with no substitute. In July 2020 it was announced that the 24 Hours of Nurburgring would be held behind closed doors without spectators. However, just a week before the event a limited number of fans would be allowed to spectate. The 2020 World Touring Car Cup was a support race for t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quadrasteer
Quadrasteer is the name of a four wheel steering system developed by Delphi Automotive while under the ownership of General Motors for use in automobiles. It was available as an option on GM's full-size pickup trucks and 2500 Suburbans for model years 2002 through 2005. The system enables the vehicle to turn tighter. It was initially a $7,000 option. The cost was lowered to $5,600, $2,000 and eventually $1,000 in order to boost sales. The steering system was popular for applications frequently towing boats, fifth wheels, or other large equipment.{{Cite web, url=https://www.thecarconnection.com/news/1111315_rear-wheel-steering-could-radically-change-pickup-trucks-and-suvs, title=Rear-wheel steering could radically change pickup trucks and SUVs, last=Andrew Ganz Senior Editor, website=The Car Connection, language=en, access-date=2019-03-27 Mechanics The system was primarily used on pickup trucks. At lower speeds, it turns in opposite direction of the forward wheels to a maximum o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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