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Dizdar
{{for, people with the surname, Dizdar (surname) Dizdar ( fa, دزدار, translit=dizdār; tr, dizdar, kale muhafızı) was the title given in the Ottoman Empire to a castle warden or fortress commander, appointed to manage troops and keep the fortress in its role as a defence point. The word is of Persian origin, meaning gatekeeper, watchman, guardsman or castellan. It spread to the west following the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans. Dizdar commanded military unit in the fortress, but at the same time he was responsible for the settlement (village or town) under or around it as well, because the purpose of fortress was to defend the area. As a commanding person, dizdar had his deputy, called ''chekhaya'' ( tr, kâhya), and other subordinates (e.g. yasakci). His superiors were captain, sanjakbeg and other senior military officers. In 1839 after the Tanzimat reforms, the Ottoman Empire abolished captaincies; the titles like captain and dizdar ceased to exist. See also *Di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dizdarević
Dizdarević is a Bosniak occupational surname, taken from the Perso-Turkish word ''dizdar'' meaning "castle warden". Notable people with the surname include: * Belmin Dizdarević (born 2001), Bosnian footballer * Emir Dizdarević (born 1958), Bosnian chess grandmaster *Faik Dizdarević (1929–2011), journalist, director of RTV Sarajevo * Nađa Dizdarević, Bosnian citizen and activist *Nenad Dizdarević (born 1955), film director, screenwriter, producer, and teacher of cinema from Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina *Raif Dizdarević (born 1926), former Yugoslav politician of Bosniak ethnicity * Slaven Dizdarević (born 1981), Slovak decathlete * Srđan Dizdarević (1952–2016), journalist and activist *Zija Dizdarević Zija Dizdarević (18 February 1916 – 1942) was a Bosnian prose writer. Biography He was born in Vitina, Ljubuški municipality, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Austria-Hungary to Bosniak parents Šefkija Dizdarević and Selima, from where he moved ... (1916–1942), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melchior Lorck - A Turkish Warrior
Melchior is the name traditionally given to one of the biblical Magi appearing in the Gospel of Matthew. There are many notable people with this name, or close variations. As a first name * Melchior Anderegg (1828–1914), Swiss mountain guide * Melchior Berri (1801–1854), Swiss architect * Melchior Broederlam (c. 1350 – after 1409), Dutch painter * Melchior Cano (1525–1560), Spanish theologian * Melchior Cibinensis, 16th century Hungarian alchemical writer * Melchior Goldast (1576–1635), Swiss writer * Melchior d'Hondecoeter (1636–1695), Dutch animalier * Melchior de Polignac (1661–1742), French diplomat, Roman Catholic cardinal * Melchior de Vogüé (1848–1910), French diplomat, travel writer, archaeologist, philanthropist * Melchior Franck (1579–1639), German composer * Melchior Grodziecki (1584–1619), Catholic saint * Melchior Hoffman (c. 1495–1543), German-Dutch Anabaptist prophet * Melchior Inchofer (c. 1584–1648), Jesuit who took part in Galileo's tri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanjakbeg
''Sanjak-bey'', ''sanjaq-bey'' or ''-beg'' ( ota, سنجاق بك) () was the title given in the Ottoman Empire to a bey (a high-ranking officer, but usually not a pasha) appointed to the military and administrative command of a district (''sanjak'', in Arabic '' liwa’''), hence the equivalent Arabic title of ''amir liwa'' ( ) He was answerable to a superior '' wāli'' or another provincial governor. In a few cases the ''sanjak-bey'' was himself directly answerable to Istanbul. Like other early Ottoman administrative offices, the ''sanjak-bey'' had a military origin: the term ''sanjak'' (and ''liva'') means "flag" or "standard" and denoted the insigne around which, in times of war, the cavalrymen holding fiefs (''timars'' or ''ziamets'') in the specific district gathered. The ''sanjakbey'' was in turn subordinate to a ''beylerbey'' ("bey of beys") who governed an ''eyalet'' and commanded his subordinate ''sanjak-beys'' in war. In this way, the structure of command on the battlefi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Titles
This is a list of titles and appellations used in the Ottoman Empire. In place of surnames, Muslims in the Empire carried titles such as "Sultan", "Pasha", "Hoca", "Bey", "Mrs.#Non-English equivalents, Hanım", "Efendi", etc. These titles either defined their formal profession (such as Pasha, Hoca, etc.) or their informal status within the society (such as Bey, Hanım, Efendi, etc.). Later, family surnames were made mandatory in Turkey by the 1934 Surname Law. Usage by Ottoman royalty The sovereigns' main titles were Sultan, Padishah (Emperor) and Khan (title), Khan; which were of Arabic language, Arabic, Persian language, Persian and Turkish/Mongolian origin, respectively. His full style was the result of a long historical accumulation of titles expressing the empire's rights and claims as successor to the various states it annexed or subdued. Beside these imperial titles, Caesar (title), Caesar of Rome was among the important titles claimed by Sultan Mehmed II after the conquest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Ranks Of The Ottoman Empire
The military ranks of the Ottoman Empire may be visually identified by the military insignia used during the Military of the Ottoman Empire. Army ranks Classic Army * Aghas were commanders of the different branches of the military services, like "azap agha", "besli agha", "janissary agha", for the commanders of azaps, beslis, and janissaries, respectively. This designation was given to commanders of smaller military units, too, for instance the "bölük agha", and the "ocak agha", the commanders of a "bölük" (company) and an "ocak" (troops) respectively. * Boluk-bashi was a commander of a "bölük", equivalent with the rank of captain. * Chorbaji (Turkish for "soup server") was a commander of an orta (regiment), approximately corresponding to the rank of colonel ( tr, Albay) today. In seafaring, the term was in use for the boss of a ship's crew, a role similar to that of boatswain. Modern Army Military personnel in the Ottoman Empire were assigned different duties accordi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serdar (Ottoman Rank)
Serdar ( ota, سردار; from "Sardar") was a military rank in the Ottoman Empire and a noble rank in Montenegro and Serbia. Serdars especially served at the borders of Ottoman Empire. It is often translated to 'commander' in English texts. Serdar was also used in the Principality of Montenegro and the Principality of Serbia as an honorary non-noble title below that of '' vojvoda.'' Janko Vukotić, the former prime minister of Montenegro, held the title of serdar''.'' Uses * Serdar is a popular male name in Turkey. * Serdar is a popular male name in Turkmenistan. * Serdar-ı Ekrem or ( Serdar-ı Azam) means the commander-in-chief with the highest rank, and thus, it sometimes refers to the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. * Serdar is also used as a noun (especially to give a nostalgic feeling) with its original meaning (i.e. commander-in-chief) in Turkish. For example, "Ordunun serdarı yiğit savaşçılarına saldırı emrini verdi" means "The commander-in-chief of the forc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baig
Baig, also commonly spelled Bayg, Beigh, Beg, Bek, Bey, Baeg or Begh (Persian: بیگ, ''Beig'', Turkish: ''Bey''), was a Turkic title which is today used as a name to identify lineage. It means ''Chief'' or ''Commander'' and is an honorific title. It is common in Turkey, Iran, the Caucasus, Central Asia, South Asia and Southeast Europe and among their respective diaspora. Etymology The origin of ''beg'' is still disputed, though it is mostly agreed that it is a Turkic loan-word. Two principal etymologies have been proposed. The first etymology is from a Middle Iranian form of Old Iranian '' baga''; though the meaning would fit since the Middle Persian forms of the word often mean "lord", used for the king or others. The second etymology is from Chinese ''po'' "eldest (brother), (feudal) lord". Gerhard Doerfer seriously considers the possibility that the word is genuinely Turkic. Whatever the truth may be, there is no connection with Turkish ''berk'', Mongolian ''berke'' "st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agha (Ottoman Empire)
Agha ( tr, ağa; ota, آغا; fa, آقا, āghā; "chief, master, lord") is an honorific title for a civilian or officer, or often part of such title. In the Ottoman times, some court functionaries and leaders of organizations like bazaar or the janissary units were entitled to the ''agha'' title. In rural communities, this term is used for people who own considerable lands and are influential in their community. Regardless of a rural community, this title is also used for any male that is influential or respected. Etymology The word ''agha'' entered English from Turkish, and the Turkish word comes from the Old Turkic language, Old Turkic ''aqa'', meaning "elder brother". It is an equivalent of Mongolian language, Mongolian word ''aqa'' or ''aka''. Other uses "Agha" is nowadays used as a common Persian language, Persian honorific title for men, the equivalent of "mister" in English language, English.Khani, S., and R. Yousefi. "The study of address terms and their translatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bosniak
The Bosniaks ( bs, Bošnjaci, Cyrillic: Бошњаци, ; , ) are a South Slavic ethnic group native to the Southeast European historical region of Bosnia, which is today part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, who share a common Bosnian ancestry, culture, history and language. They primarily live in Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Kosovo as well as in Austria, Germany, Turkey and Sweden. They also constitute a significant diaspora with several communities across Europe, the Americas and Oceania. Bosniaks are typically characterized by their historic ties to the Bosnian historical region, adherence to Islam since the 15th and 16th centuries, culture, and the Bosnian language. English speakers frequently refer to Bosniaks as Bosnian MuslimsThis term is considered inaccurate since not all Bosniaks profess Islam or practice the religion. Partly because of this, since the dissolution of Yugoslavia, ''Bosniak'' has replaced ''Muslim'' as an official ethnic term in part to avoid co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Captaincy
A captaincy ( es, capitanía , pt, capitania , hr, kapetanija) is a historical administrative division of the former Spanish and Portuguese colonial empires. It was instituted as a method of organization, directly associated with the home-rule administrations of medieval feudal governments in which the monarch delimited territories for colonization that were administered by men of confidence. The same term was or is used in some other countries, such as Croatia, Hungary, Italy, Ottoman Empire, Slovakia or Austria. Captaincy system Portuguese Empire The Captaincies of the Portuguese Empire were developed successively, based on the original donatário system established by King John I of Portugal in Madeira, and expanded with each successive new colony discovered.Susana Goulart Costa (2008), p.232 Prince Henry the Navigator instituted the Captaincy system to promote development of Portuguese discoveries, but it was in the Azores, where this system effectively functioned. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tanzimat
The Tanzimat (; ota, تنظيمات, translit=Tanzimāt, lit=Reorganization, ''see'' nizām) was a period of reform in the Ottoman Empire that began with the Gülhane Hatt-ı Şerif in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876. The Tanzimat era began with the purpose, not of radical transformation, but of modernization, desiring to consolidate the social and political foundations of the Ottoman Empire. It was characterised by various attempts to modernise the Ottoman Empire and to secure its territorial integrity against internal nationalist movements and external aggressive powers. The reforms encouraged Ottomanism among the diverse ethnic groups of the Empire and attempted to stem the tide of the rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire. Historian Hans-Lukas Kieser has argued that the reforms led to "the rhetorical promotion of equality of non-Muslims with Muslims on paper vs. the primacy of Muslims in practice"; other historians have argued that the ability ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
