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Destructor (computer Programming)
In object-oriented programming, a destructor (sometimes abbreviated dtor) is a method which is invoked mechanically just before the memory of the object is released. It can happen when its lifetime is bound to scope and the execution leaves the scope, when it is embedded in another object whose lifetime ends, or when it was allocated dynamically and is released explicitly. Its main purpose is to free the resources (memory allocations, open files or sockets, database connections, resource locks, etc.) which were acquired by the object during its life and/or deregister from other entities which may keep references to it. Use of destructors is needed for the process of Resource Acquisition Is Initialization (RAII). With most kinds of automatic garbage collection algorithms, the releasing of memory may happen a long time after the object becomes unreachable, making destructors (called finalizers in this case) unsuitable for most purposes. In such languages, the freeing of resources ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Object-oriented Programming
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of "objects", which can contain data and code. The data is in the form of fields (often known as attributes or ''properties''), and the code is in the form of procedures (often known as ''methods''). A common feature of objects is that procedures (or methods) are attached to them and can access and modify the object's data fields. In this brand of OOP, there is usually a special name such as or used to refer to the current object. In OOP, computer programs are designed by making them out of objects that interact with one another. OOP languages are diverse, but the most popular ones are class-based, meaning that objects are instances of classes, which also determine their types. Many of the most widely used programming languages (such as C++, Java, Python, etc.) are multi-paradigm and they support object-oriented programming to a greater or lesser degree, typically in combination with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moose (Perl)
Moose is an extension of the object system of the Perl programming language. Its stated purpose is to bring modern object-oriented language features to Perl 5, and to make object-oriented Perl programming more consistent and less tedious. Features Moose is built on top of Class::MOP, a metaobject protocol (a.k.a. MOP). Using the MOP, Moose provides complete introspection for all Moose-using classes. Classes Moose allows a programmer to create classes: * A class has zero or more attributes. * A class has zero or more methods. * A class has zero or more superclasses (a.k.a. parent classes). A class inherits from its superclass(es). Moose supports multiple inheritance. * A class has zero or more method modifiers. These modifiers can apply to its own methods, methods that are inherited from its ancestors or methods that are provided by roles. * A class does zero or more roles (also known as traits in other programming languages). * A class has a constructor and a destructor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
No Starch Press
No Starch Press is an American publishing company, specializing in technical literature often geared towards the geek, hacker, and DIY subcultures. Popular titles include '' Hacking: The Art of Exploitation'', Andrew Huang's ''Hacking the Xbox'', and '' How Wikipedia Works''. Topics No Starch Press publishes books with a focus on networking, computer security, hacking, Linux, programming, technology for kids, Lego, math, and science. The publisher also releases educational comics like ''Super Scratch Programming Adventure'' and ''The Manga Guide to Science'' series. History San Francisco-based No Starch Press was founded in 1994 by Bill Pollock, who brings more than 30 years of publishing industry experience to the company. Several titles have been included in the prestigious ''Communication Arts'' Design Annual and STEP inside 100 competition, and have won the Independent Publisher Book Award (the IPPYs) from ''Independent Publisher'' magazine. Availability No Starc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C (programming Language)
C (''pronounced like the letter c'') is a General-purpose language, general-purpose computer programming language. It was created in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie, and remains very widely used and influential. By design, C's features cleanly reflect the capabilities of the targeted CPUs. It has found lasting use in operating systems, device drivers, protocol stacks, though decreasingly for application software. C is commonly used on computer architectures that range from the largest supercomputers to the smallest microcontrollers and embedded systems. A successor to the programming language B (programming language), B, C was originally developed at Bell Labs by Ritchie between 1972 and 1973 to construct utilities running on Unix. It was applied to re-implementing the kernel of the Unix operating system. During the 1980s, C gradually gained popularity. It has become one of the measuring programming language popularity, most widely used programming languages, with C compilers avail ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GNU Compiler Collection
The GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) is an optimizing compiler produced by the GNU Project supporting various programming languages, hardware architectures and operating systems. The Free Software Foundation (FSF) distributes GCC as free software under the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL). GCC is a key component of the GNU toolchain and the standard compiler for most projects related to GNU and the Linux kernel. With roughly 15 million lines of code in 2019, GCC is one of the biggest free programs in existence. It has played an important role in the growth of free software, as both a tool and an example. When it was first released in 1987 by Richard Stallman, GCC 1.0 was named the GNU C Compiler since it only handled the C programming language. It was extended to compile C++ in December of that year. Front ends were later developed for Objective-C, Objective-C++, Fortran, Ada, D and Go, among others. The OpenMP and OpenACC specifications are also supported in the C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scott Meyers
Scott Douglas Meyers (born April 9, 1959) is an American author and software consultant, specializing in the C++ computer programming language. He is known for his ''Effective C++'' book series. During his career, he was a frequent speaker at conferences and trade shows. Biography He holds a Ph.D. in computer science from Brown University and an M.S. in computer science from Stanford University. He conceived and, with Herb Sutter, Andrei Alexandrescu, Dan Saks, and Steve Dewhurst, co-organized and presented the boutique (limited-attendance) conference, ''The C++ Seminar'', which took place three times in 2001-2002. He also conceived and, with Sutter and Alexandrescu, co-organized and presented another boutique conference, ''C++ and Beyond'' annually in 2010-2014. Meyers has expressed opposition to asking programmers to solve design or programming problems during job interviews:"I hate anything that asks me to design on the spot. That's asking to demonstrate a skill rarely requ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scalar Type
Scalar processors are a class of computer processors that process only one data item at a time. Typical data items include integers and floating point numbers. Classification A scalar processor is classified as a single instruction, single data (SISD) processor in Flynn's taxonomy. The Intel 486 is an example of a scalar processor. It is to be contrasted with a vector processor where a single instruction operates simultaneously on multiple data items (and thus is referred to as a single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) processor). The difference is analogous to the difference between scalar and vector arithmetic. The term ''scalar'' in computing dates to the 1970 and 1980s when vector processors were first introduced. It was originally used to distinguish the older designs from the new vector processors. Superscalar processor A superscalar processor (such as the Intel P5) may execute more than one instruction during a clock cycle by simultaneously dispatching multiple in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virtual Function
In object-oriented programming, in languages such as C++, and Object Pascal, a virtual function or virtual method is an inheritable and overridable function or method for which dynamic dispatch is facilitated. This concept is an important part of the (runtime) polymorphism portion of object-oriented programming (OOP). In short, a virtual function defines a target function to be executed, but the target might not be known at compile time. Most programming languages, such as JavaScript, PHP and Python, treat all methods as virtual by default and do not provide a modifier to change this behavior. However, some languages provide modifiers to prevent methods from being overridden by derived classes (such as the ''final'' keyword in Java and PHP). Purpose The concept of the virtual function solves the following problem: In object-oriented programming, when a derived class inherits from a base class, an object of the derived class may be referred to via a pointer or refer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smart Pointer
In computer science, a smart pointer is an abstract data type that simulates a pointer while providing added features, such as automatic memory management or bounds checking. Such features are intended to reduce bugs caused by the misuse of pointers, while retaining efficiency. Smart pointers typically keep track of the memory they point to, and may also be used to manage other resources, such as network connections and file handles. Smart pointers were first popularized in the programming language C++ during the first half of the 1990s as rebuttal to criticisms of C++'s lack of automatic garbage collection. Pointer misuse can be a major source of bugs. Smart pointers prevent most situations of memory leaks by making the memory deallocation automatic. More generally, they make object destruction automatic: an object controlled by a smart pointer is automatically destroyed ( finalized and then deallocated) when the last (or only) owner of an object is destroyed, for example beca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delete (C++)
Deletion or delete may refer to: Computing * File deletion, a way of removing a file from a computer's file system * Code cleanup, a way of removing unnecessary variables, data structures, cookies, and temporary files in a programming language * Delete key, a key on modern computer keyboards that erases text * Delete character, DEL, the delete control code in ASCII and C0 and C1 control codes * delete (C++) operator, a built-in operator in the C++ programming language Arts and entertainment * Deletion (music industry), a term for removing a record from a label's catalog * ''Delete'' (miniseries), a 2011 TV miniseries * Delete (Dara Bubamara song) * Delete (DMA's song) * Delete (Story Untold song) * "Delete!", a catchphrase used by professional wrestler Matt Hardy under his Broken gimmick. Wikipedia * Deletion of articles on Wikipedia, an activity on Wikipedia *: ** Speedy deletion, a deletion process on Wikipedia **: ** Proposed deletion, a deletion process on Wikipedia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New And Delete (C++)
In the C++ programming language, and are a pair of language constructs that perform dynamic memory allocation, object construction and object destruction. Overview Except for a form called the "placement new", the operator denotes a request for memory allocation on a process's heap. If sufficient memory is available, initialises the memory, calling object constructors if necessary, and returns the address to the newly allocated and initialised memory. A request, in its simplest form, looks as follows: p = new T; where is a previously declared pointer of type (or some other type to which a pointer can be assigned, such as a superclass of ). The default constructor for , if any, is called to construct a instance in the allocated memory buffer. If not enough memory is available in the free store for an object of type , the request indicates failure by throwing an exception of type . This removes the need to explicitly check the result of an allocation. The dealloca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Automatic Variable
__NOTOC__ In computer programming, an automatic variable is a local variable which is allocated and deallocated automatically when program flow enters and leaves the variable's scope. The scope is the lexical context, particularly the function or block in which a variable is defined. Local data is typically (in most languages) invisible outside the function or lexical context where it is defined. Local data is also invisible and inaccessible to a ''called'' function,unless it is a nested function, which itself is ''defined'' along that local data but is not deallocated, coming back in scope as the execution thread returns to the caller. Automatic local variables primarily applies to recursive lexically-scoped languages.although they exist in a somewhat similar, but not identical, form also in recursive languages with dynamic scoping, such as older variants of LISP Automatic local variables are normally allocated in the stack frame of the procedure in which they are declared ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
