|
Delta Ratio
In nephrology, the delta ratio, or "delta-delta" (denoted ), is a formula that can be used to evaluate whether a mixed acid–base disorder (metabolic acidosis) is present, and if so, assess its severity. The anion gap (AG) without potassium is calculated first and if a metabolic acidosis is present, results in either a high anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAGMA) or a normal anion gap acidosis (NAGMA). A low anion gap is usually an oddity of measurement, rather than a clinical concern. __TOC__ Equation The equation for calculating the delta ratio is \begin \Delta/\Delta &= \frac \\[4pt] &= \frac \\[4pt] &= \frac \end where AG is the anion gap, , which reflects either an increase in the anion gap or a decrease in the bicarbonate concentration (). Results The ratio gives one of four results: # 2.0 due to a mixed HAGMA + metabolic alkalosis Results 2 and 4 are the ones which have mixed acid–base disorders. Results 1. and 4. are oddities, mathematically speaking: Resu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nephrology
Nephrology is a specialty for both adult internal medicine and pediatric medicine that concerns the study of the kidneys, specifically normal kidney function (renal physiology) and kidney disease (renal pathophysiology), the preservation of kidney health, and the treatment of kidney disease, from diet and medication to renal replacement therapy ( dialysis and kidney transplantation). The word " renal" is an adjective meaning "relating to the kidneys", and its roots are French or late Latin. Whereas according to some opinions, "renal" and "nephro-" should be replaced with "kidney" in scientific writings such as "kidney medicine" (instead of "nephrology") or "kidney replacement therapy", other experts have advocated preserving the use of renal and nephro- as appropriate including in "nephrology" and "renal replacement therapy", respectively. Nephrology also studies systemic conditions that affect the kidneys, such as diabetes and autoimmune disease; and systemic diseases tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
