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Coup Of 25 November 1975
The Coup of 25 November 1975 (usually referred to as the ' in Portugal) was a failed military ''coup d'état'' against the post-Carnation Revolution governing bodies of Portugal. This attempt was carried out by Portuguese far-left activists, who hoped to hijack the Portuguese transition to democracy in favor of a communist state. Vasco Gonçalves, the previous Prime Minister (July 1974 to September 1975), later described the coup as a "provocation" organised by the sixth provisional government, saying that the government had ordered the paratroopers to bomb the occupied . These orders, carried out by low-level paratroopers, had subsequently led the paratroopers to invade air bases in an attempt to force the resignation of the Air Force chief of staff.Hugo Gil Ferreira, Michael W. Marshall, ''Portugal's Revolution: Ten Years On''. Cambridge University Press (2011 986p94/ref> Gonçalves blamed the Group of Nine and related elements. Events The political, economic, and social crisis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira. It features the westernmost point in continental Europe, and its Iberian portion is bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain, the sole country to have a land border with Portugal. Its two archipelagos form two autonomous regions with their own regional governments. Lisbon is the capital and largest city by population. Portugal is the oldest continuously existing nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times. It was inhabited by pre-Celtic and Celtic peoples who had contact with Phoenicians and Ancient Greek traders, it was ruled by the Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese Constituent Assembly Election, 1975
Constituent Assembly elections were carried out in Portugal on 25 April 1975, exactly one year after the Carnation Revolution. The election elected all 250 members of the Portuguese Constituent Assembly. It was the first free election held in Portugal since 1925, and only the seventh free election in all of Portuguese history. Turnout was a record 91.66 percent, which remains (as of 2022) the highest ever in any Portuguese democratic elections (General, Regional, Local or European). The main aim of the election was the election of a Constituent Assembly, in order to write a new constitution to replace the Estado Novo regime's authoritarian Constitution of 1933 and so this freely-elected parliament had a single-year mandate and no government was based on parliamentary support; the country continued to be governed by a military-civilian provisional administration during the deliberations of the Constituent Assembly. With few or no opinion polls during the campaign, the real t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Rebellions
Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange which allocates products to everyone in the society.: "One widespread distinction was that socialism socialised production only while communism socialised production and consumption." Communist society also involves the absence of private property, social classes, money, and the state. Communists often seek a voluntary state of self-governance, but disagree on the means to this end. This reflects a distinction between a more libertarian approach of communization, revolutionary spontaneity, and workers' self-management, and a more vanguardist or communist party-driven approach through the development of a constitutional socialist st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Coups In Portugal
A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct military uniform. It may consist of one or more military branches such as an army, navy, air force, space force, marines, or coast guard. The main task of the military is usually defined as defence of the state and its interests against external armed threats. In broad usage, the terms ''armed forces'' and ''military'' are often treated as synonymous, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include both its military and other paramilitary forces. There are various forms of irregular military forces, not belonging to a recognized state; though they share many attributes with regular military forces, they are less often referred to as simply ''military''. A nation's military may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attempted Coups D'état
An attempt to commit a crime occurs if a criminal has an intent to commit a crime and takes a substantial step toward completing the crime, but for reasons not intended by the criminal, the final resulting crime does not occur.''Criminal Law - Cases and Materials'', 7th ed. 2012, Wolters Kluwer Law & Business; John Kaplan (law professor), Robert Weisberg, Guyora Binder, /ref> Attempt to commit a particular crime is a crime, usually considered to be of the same or lesser gravity as the particular crime attempted. Attempt is a type of inchoate crime, a crime that is not fully developed. The crime of attempt has two elements, intent and some conduct toward completion of the crime.Defining Attempts: Mandujano's Error, Duke University, Michael R. Fishman/ref> One group of theories in criminal law is that attempt to commit an act occurs when a person comes dangerously close to carrying out a criminal act, and intends to commit the act, but does not commit it. The person may have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1975 In Portugal
Events in the year 1975 in Portugal. Incumbents *President: Francisco da Costa Gomes *Prime Minister: Vasco Gonçalves (until 25 September), José Baptista Pinheiro de Azevedo (from 25 September) Arts and entertainment Portugal participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 1975, with Duarte Mendes and the song " Madrugada". Sport In association football, for the first-tier league seasons, see 1974–75 Primeira Divisão and 1975–76 Primeira Divisão; for the Taça de Portugal seasons, see 1974–75 Taça de Portugal and 1975–76 Taça de Portugal. * 14 June - Taça de Portugal Final Establishment of the Portuguese Handball Women's Cup. Establishment of G.D. Tourizense. References {{DEFAULTSORT:1975 In Portugal Portugal Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
23-F
3F or 3-F may refer to: * Fagligt Fælles Forbund * Fangio, Farina, Fagioli - drivers of the Alfa Romeo factory team * 3 Fonteinen 3 Fonteinen is a Belgian brewery, specialized in geuze and kriek. The brewery is situated in Beersel, near Brussels and produces classic versions of both kriek and geuze. Geuzestekerij 3 Fonteinen was founded in 1887 as a café and ''geuze ... - Belgian brewery, specializing in gueuze and kriek * 0x3F, ASCII code for question mark * Tres de Febrero Partido, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina See also * F3 (other) {{Letter-NumberCombDisambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monsanto (Idanha-a-Nova)
Monsanto is a village in the civil parish of Monsanto e Idanha-a-Velha, in the municipality of Idanha-a-Nova, District of Castelo Branco, Portugal. In 2011, it covered an area of 131.76 km² and had 828 inhabitants (June 30, 2011). Monsanto would become popularly known as "the most Portuguese village of Portugal" due to a government-sponsored competition that awarded twelve historic villages the distinction of Most Portuguese Village of their own province in 1938. History It was the main town of the ''concelho'' between 1174 and the beginning of the 19th century, and the county seat in the period of 1758-1853. The mountain Monsanto ( la, Mons Sanctus, links=no) rises abruptly to the East of the Idanha-a-Nova up to 758 meters above sea level. The earliest traces of man is from Early Stone Age at the time of the ice-ages. Later, Romans settled at the base of the mountain. Also traces from Visigothic in the early Middle Ages and even earlier Arab presence have been found in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estado Novo (Portugal)
The ''Estado Novo'' (, lit. "New State") was the corporatist Portuguese state installed in 1933. It evolved from the '' Ditadura Nacional'' ("National Dictatorship") formed after the ''coup d'état'' of 28 May 1926 against the democratic but unstable First Republic. Together, the ''Ditadura Nacional'' and the ''Estado Novo'' are recognised by historians as the Second Portuguese Republic ( pt, Segunda República Portuguesa). The ''Estado Novo'', greatly inspired by conservative and autocratic ideologies, was developed by António de Oliveira Salazar, who was President of the Council of Ministers from 1932 until illness forced him out of office in 1968. The ''Estado Novo'' was one of the longest-surviving authoritarian regimes in Europe in the 20th century. Opposed to communism, socialism, syndicalism, anarchism, liberalism and anti-colonialism, the regime was conservative, corporatist, and nationalist in nature, defending Portugal's traditional Catholicism. Its pol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armed Forces Movement
230px, A mural dedicated to the MFA, it reads: "Towards freedom. Long live the 25th of April!" The Armed Forces Movement ( pt, Movimento das Forças Armadas; MFA) was an organization of lower-ranking, politically left-leaning officers in the Portuguese Armed Forces. It was responsible for instigating the Carnation Revolution of 1974, a military coup in Lisbon that ended Portugal's corporatist New State regime () and the Portuguese Colonial War, which led to the independence of Portugal's overseas territories in Africa. The MFA instituted the National Salvation Junta () as the provisional national government 1974 to 1976, following a communiqué of its president, António de Spínola, at 1:30 a.m. on 26 April 1974. Causes of the revolutionary coup The military-led coup can be described as the necessary means of bringing back democracy to Portugal, ending the unpopular Colonial War where thousands of Portuguese soldiers had been commissioned into military service, and replacin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hot Summer Of 1975
The Hot Summer of 1975 ( pt, Verão Quente de 1975) was a tumultuous period in Portuguese history characterized by political, social and military instability. At the center of the conflict was the rift between rightist and leftist groups, as well as the rift among leftist groups themselves. Although tensions can be said to have started after António de Spínola's resignation in the 30th of September of 1974, and ultimately culminated in the failed coup of 25 November 1975, most of the violence and tensions that gave the period its name lasted throughout the eponymous summer of 1975. Violence, including some of the most brutal continued into the next year and into the 70s and 80s. See also * Carnation Revolution * Portuguese transition to democracy * Portuguese Third Republic * Years of Lead (Italy) , partof = the Cold War , image = Stragedibologna-2.jpg , image_size = 300px , caption = Aftermath of the bombing at the Bologna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Processo Revolucionário Em Curso
The Processo Revolucionário Em Curso (PREC) (English: ''Ongoing Revolutionary Process'') was the period during the Portuguese transition to democracy, which started after a failed right-wing coup d'état on 11 March 1975, and ended after a failed left-wing coup d'état on 25 November 1975. This far-left politics, labor movement-inspired period was marked by political turmoil, right-wing and left-wing violence, instability, the nationalization of companies and forcible occupation and expropriation of private lands.Hammond, John L. Building popular power: Workers' and neighborhood movements in the Portuguese revolution. Monthly Review Press, 1988. Background By 1974, half of Portugal's GDP and the vast majority of its armed forces were engaged in wars in three of Portugal's African colonies. Whereas other European powers had ceded independence to their former African colonies in the 1960s, Portuguese dictator António Salazar had refused to even countenance the option of i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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