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Cosegregation
Co-segregation is the likelihood of two units being inherited to the next generation or an interaction estimation probability between any number of loci. Interaction probability is determined using specified parts of a target gene (loci) and a group of nuclear profiles (NPs). The picture to the right serves to provide visual aid as to how a slice (NP) is taken from the nucleus and loci are searched for within the NP. Co-segregation used within other mathematical models (SLICE and Normalized Linkage Disequilibrium) assist in rendering 3-D visualizations as a smaller process of Genome Architecture Mapping (GAM). These renderings help determine genomic density and radial position. History Co-segregation in Genome Architecture Mapping (GAM) is a newer process being used to identify the compaction and adjacency of genomic windows. In a study from 2017, co-segregation was used to understand gene-expression-specific contacts in organizing the genome in mammalian nuclei in the lar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genome Architecture Mapping
In molecular biology, genome architecture mapping (GAM) is a cryosectioning method to map colocalized DNA regions in a ligation independent manner. It overcomes some limitations of Chromosome conformation capture (3C), as these methods have a reliance on digestion and ligation to capture interacting DNA segments. GAM is the first genome-wide method for capturing three-dimensional proximities between any number of genomic loci without ligation. The sections that are found using the cryosectioning method mentioned above are referred to as “Nuclear Profiles”. The information that they provide relates to their coverage across a genome. A large set of values can be produced that represents the strength of nuclear profiles’ presence within a genome. Based on how large or small the coverage across a genome is, judgements can be made involving chromatin interactions, nuclear profile location within the nucleus being cryosectioned, and chromatin compaction levels. To be able to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cosegregation To Adjacency
Co-segregation is the likelihood of two units being inherited to the next generation or an interaction estimation probability between any number of loci. Interaction probability is determined using specified parts of a target gene (loci) and a group of nuclear profiles (NPs). The picture to the right serves to provide visual aid as to how a slice (NP) is taken from the nucleus and loci are searched for within the NP. Co-segregation used within other mathematical models (SLICE and Normalized Linkage Disequilibrium) assist in rendering 3-D visualizations as a smaller process of Genome Architecture Mapping (GAM). These renderings help determine genomic density and radial position. History Co-segregation in Genome Architecture Mapping (GAM) is a newer process being used to identify the compaction and adjacency of genomic windows. In a study from 2017, co-segregation was used to understand gene-expression-specific contacts in organizing the genome in mammalian nuclei in the lar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genome With Nuclear Profile Slice And Loci
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism. It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding genes, other functional regions of the genome such as regulatory sequences (see non-coding DNA), and often a substantial fraction of 'junk' DNA with no evident function. Almost all eukaryotes have mitochondria and a small mitochondrial genome. Algae and plants also contain chloroplasts with a chloroplast genome. The study of the genome is called genomics. The genomes of many organisms have been sequenced and various regions have been annotated. The International Human Genome Project reported the sequence of the genome for ''Homo sapiens'' in 200The Human Genome Project although the initial "finished" sequence was missing 8% of the genome consisting mostly of repetitive sequences. With advancements in technology that could handle sequencing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colocalization
In fluorescence microscopy, colocalization refers to observation of the spatial overlap between two (or more) different fluorescent labels, each having a separate emission wavelength, to see if the different "targets" are located in the same area of the cell or very near to one another. The definition can be split into two different phenomena, co-occurrence, which refers to the presence of two (possibly unrelated) fluorophores in the same pixel, and correlation, a much more significant statistical relationship between the fluorophores indicative of a biological interaction. This technique is important to many cell biological and physiological studies during the demonstration of a relationship between pairs of bio-molecules. History The ability to demonstrate a correlation between a pair of bio-molecules was greatly enhanced by Erik Manders of the University of Amsterdam who introduced Pearson's correlation coefficient to microscopists, along with other coefficients of which the " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graph Theory
In mathematics, graph theory is the study of '' graphs'', which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. A graph in this context is made up of '' vertices'' (also called ''nodes'' or ''points'') which are connected by ''edges'' (also called ''links'' or ''lines''). A distinction is made between undirected graphs, where edges link two vertices symmetrically, and directed graphs, where edges link two vertices asymmetrically. Graphs are one of the principal objects of study in discrete mathematics. Definitions Definitions in graph theory vary. The following are some of the more basic ways of defining graphs and related mathematical structures. Graph In one restricted but very common sense of the term, a graph is an ordered pair G=(V,E) comprising: * V, a set of vertices (also called nodes or points); * E \subseteq \, a set of edges (also called links or lines), which are unordered pairs of vertices (that is, an edge is associated with t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matrices Of Concepts
The matrices of concepts are a conceptual tool put forth by philosopher Paul Franceschi, that aim at providing an alternative to the semiotic square described by Algirdas Greimas. To the difference of the semiotic square, a matrix of concepts is made up of 6 concepts, from which two are neutral, two are positive and two are negative. The relationships between the 6 concepts of the same matrix can be stated as follows: * A0 and Ā0 are dual or inverse; A+ and Ā− are contraries; A− and Ā+ are contraries * A+ and Ā+ are complementary, in the same way as A− and Ā- * A+ and A− are corollary, in the same way as Ā+ and Ā− * A0 and A+ are related, in the same way as A0 and A−, Ā0 and Ā+, Ā0 and Ā− The applications of the matrices of concepts relate to paradigmatic analysis, but also to the dialectical plan, and more generally to the study of concepts. References * Paul FranceschiEnglish translation of a paper initially published in French under the title ''L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Example Cancer Patient Data Set
Example may refer to: * '' exempli gratia'' (e.g.), usually read out in English as "for example" * .example, reserved as a domain name that may not be installed as a top-level domain of the Internet ** example.com, example.net, example.org, example.edu, second-level domain names reserved for use in documentation as examples * HMS ''Example'' (P165), an Archer-class patrol and training vessel of the Royal Navy Arts * ''The Example'', a 1634 play by James Shirley * ''The Example'' (comics), a 2009 graphic novel by Tom Taylor and Colin Wilson * Example (musician), the British dance musician Elliot John Gleave (born 1982) * ''Example'' (album), a 1995 album by American rock band For Squirrels See also * * Exemplar (other), a prototype or model which others can use to understand a topic better * Exemplum, medieval collections of short stories to be told in sermons * Eixample The Eixample (; ) is a district of Barcelona between the old city (Ciutat Vella) and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Normalized Heatmap
Normalization or normalisation refers to a process that makes something more normal or regular. Most commonly it refers to: * Normalization (sociology) or social normalization, the process through which ideas and behaviors that may fall outside of social norms come to be regarded as "normal" Normalization or normalisation may also refer to: Science * Normalization process theory, a sociological theory of the implementation of new technologies or innovations * Normalization model, used in visual neuroscience * Normalization in quantum mechanics: see Mathematics and statistics * Normalization of an algebraic variety, the operation consisting in taking locally the integral closure of the ring of regular functions * Normalization (statistics), adjustments of values or distributions in statistics ** Quantile normalization, statistical technique for making two distributions identical in statistical properties * Normalizing (abstract rewriting), an abstract rewriting system in wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
How Adding Loci Affects Co-segregation Equation
How may refer to: * How (greeting), a word used in some misrepresentations of Native American/First Nations speech * How, an interrogative word in English grammar Art and entertainment Literature * ''How'' (book), a 2007 book by Dov Seidman * ''HOW'' (magazine), a magazine for graphic designers * H.O.W. Journal, an American art and literary journal Music * "How", a song by The Cranberries from ''Everybody Else Is Doing It, So Why Can't We?'' * "How", a song by Maroon 5 from ''Hands All Over'' * "How", a song by Regina Spektor from ''What We Saw from the Cheap Seats'' * "How", a song by Daughter from ''Not to Disappear'' * "How?" (song), by John Lennon Other media * HOW (graffiti artist), Raoul Perre, New York graffiti muralist * ''How'' (TV series), a British children's television show * ''How'' (video game), a platform game People * How (surname) * HOW (graffiti artist), Raoul Perre, New York graffiti muralist Places * How, Cumbria, England * How, Wiscon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Locus (genetics)
In genetics, a locus (plural loci) is a specific, fixed position on a chromosome where a particular gene or genetic marker is located. Each chromosome carries many genes, with each gene occupying a different position or locus; in humans, the total number of protein-coding genes in a complete haploid set of 23 chromosomes is estimated at 19,000–20,000. Genes may possess multiple variants known as alleles, and an allele may also be said to reside at a particular locus. Diploid and polyploid cells whose chromosomes have the same allele at a given locus are called homozygous with respect to that locus, while those that have different alleles at a given locus are called heterozygous. The ordered list of loci known for a particular genome is called a gene map. Gene mapping is the process of determining the specific locus or loci responsible for producing a particular phenotype or biological trait. Association mapping, also known as "linkage disequilibrium mapping", is a method ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adding NPs In Co-segregation
Addition (usually signified by the plus symbol ) is one of the four basic operations of arithmetic, the other three being subtraction, multiplication and division. The addition of two whole numbers results in the total amount or ''sum'' of those values combined. The example in the adjacent image shows a combination of three apples and two apples, making a total of five apples. This observation is equivalent to the mathematical expression (that is, "3 ''plus'' 2 is equal to 5"). Besides counting items, addition can also be defined and executed without referring to concrete objects, using abstractions called numbers instead, such as integers, real numbers and complex numbers. Addition belongs to arithmetic, a branch of mathematics. In algebra, another area of mathematics, addition can also be performed on abstract objects such as vectors, matrices, subspaces and subgroups. Addition has several important properties. It is commutative, meaning that the order of the operands d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
