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Colobines
The Colobinae or leaf-eating monkeys are a subfamily of the Old World monkey family that includes 61 species in 11 genera, including the black-and-white colobus, the large-nosed proboscis monkey, and the gray langurs. Some classifications split the colobine monkeys into two tribes, while others split them into three groups. Both classifications put the three African genera '' Colobus'', '' Piliocolobus'', and ''Procolobus'' in one group; these genera are distinct in that they have stub thumbs (Greek κολοβός ''kolobós'' = "docked"). The various Asian genera are placed into another one or two groups. Analysis of mtDNA confirms the Asian species form two distinct groups, one of langurs and the other of the "odd-nosed" species, but are inconsistent as to the relationships of the gray langurs; some studies suggest that the gray langurs are not closely related to either of these groups, while others place them firmly within the langur group. Characteristics Colobines ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gray Langur
Gray langurs, also called Hanuman langurs and Hanuman monkeys, are Old World monkeys native to the Indian subcontinent constituting the genus ''Semnopithecus''. Traditionally only one species ''Semnopithecus entellus'' was recognized, but since about 2001, additional species have been recognized. The taxonomy has been in flux, but currently eight species are recognized. Gray langurs are fairly Terrestrial animal, terrestrial, inhabiting forest, open lightly wooded habitats, and urban areas on the Indian subcontinent. Most species are found at low to moderate altitudes, but the Nepal gray langur and Kashmir gray langur occur up to in the Himalayas. Characteristics These langurs are largely gray (some more yellowish), with a black face and ears. Externally, the various species mainly differ in the darkness of the hands and feet, the overall color and the presence or absence of a crest. Typically all north Indian gray langurs have their tail tips looping towards their head during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gray Langur
Gray langurs, also called Hanuman langurs and Hanuman monkeys, are Old World monkeys native to the Indian subcontinent constituting the genus ''Semnopithecus''. Traditionally only one species ''Semnopithecus entellus'' was recognized, but since about 2001, additional species have been recognized. The taxonomy has been in flux, but currently eight species are recognized. Gray langurs are fairly Terrestrial animal, terrestrial, inhabiting forest, open lightly wooded habitats, and urban areas on the Indian subcontinent. Most species are found at low to moderate altitudes, but the Nepal gray langur and Kashmir gray langur occur up to in the Himalayas. Characteristics These langurs are largely gray (some more yellowish), with a black face and ears. Externally, the various species mainly differ in the darkness of the hands and feet, the overall color and the presence or absence of a crest. Typically all north Indian gray langurs have their tail tips looping towards their head during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microcolobus
''Microcolobus'' is an extinct genus of Old world monkey that lived in eastern Africa during the Late Miocene and is regarded as the first known member of the Colobinae. Taxonomy ''Microcolobus'' was described in 1986 from remains that were found in the Tugen Hills in Kenya and have been dated to between 10.5 and 8.5 million years ago. Fossils of this species (or a close relative) have also been found in Nakali. Primitive characteristics shared with the extinct ''Mesopithecus ''Mesopithecus'' ("middle monkey" for being between '' Hylobates'' and ''Semnopithecus'' in build) is an extinct genus of Old World monkey that lived in Europe and Asia 7 to 5 million years ago. ''Mesopithecus'' resembled a modern macaque, with ...'' of Asia suggest a close phyletic relationship between the two. Description ''Microcolobus'' was a small species of monkey, estimated at only in weight. It had more primitive characteristics than modern colobines such as having lower molar cusps and more cr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lutung
The lutungs, langurs, or leaf monkeys are a group of Old World monkeys in the genus ''Trachypithecus'' (derived from Greek , meaning "rough" and , meaning "monkey"). Their range is much of Southeast Asia (northeast India, Vietnam, southern China, Borneo, Thailand, Java, and Bali). The name "lutung" comes from the Sundanese language meaning "blackness", ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *''luCuŋ'' (which originally referred to the Formosan rock macaque); it is preferred in one paper because the authors wanted the name langurs to only refer to monkeys in the genus ''Semnopithecus'', although some "lutungs" are now "langurs" again. Evolution Genetic analysis indicates that the ancestors of the modern species of lutung first differentiated from one another a little over 3 million years ago, during the late Pliocene. The various species alive today then diverged during the Pleistocene, presumably driven by habitat changes during the Ice Ages. The oldest fossils clearly identif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dolichopithecus
''Dolichopithecus'' is an extinct genus of Old World monkey that lived in Europe during the Late Miocene and Pliocene. Taxonomy The type species ''Dolichopithecus ruscinensis'' was first described in 1889 by Charles Depéret, based on fossil remains from the Roussillon area in France dating back to the Middle Pliocene. Numerous fossils of ''D. ruscinensis'' have been found in European Pliocene deposits from France, Spain, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, and Ukraine. A second species, ''D. balcanicus'', has been described from remains found in the Balkans. Some extinct colobine species from Asia have formerly been included in ''Dolichopithecus''; ''D. leptopostorbitalis'' of Japan, now placed in '' Kanagawapithecus'', and ''D. eohanuman'' from northeast Asia, now in ''Parapresbytis''. '' Paradolichopithecus arvernensis'' was also originally included under this genus, but is more related to macaques rather than colobines. ''Dolichopithecus'' is believed to be closely related to ''Meso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cercopithecoides
''Cercopithecoides'' is an extinct genus of colobine monkey from Africa which lived during the latest Miocene to the Pleistocene period. There are several recognized species, with the smallest close in size to some of the larger extant colobines, and males of the largest species weighed over . The type species, ''Cercopithecoides williamsi'', was named by O. D. Mollett in 1947, based on a partial cranium and mandible of a male individual from Makapansgat, South Africa. It has since been found across many Pliocene and Pleistocene sites in South Africa, Angola, and Kenya. The largest species, ''Cercopithecoides kimeui'', was named by Meave Leakey in 1982, based on fossils found in Kenya and Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and ....Meave Leakey : Extinct Large Colob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhinocolobus
''Rhinocolobus'' is an extinct genus of monkey closely related to modern colobus monkeys. It lived in eastern Africa during the Plio-Pleistocene, existing as recently as 1.5 million years ago. Taxonomy Fossils of ''Rhinocolobus'' were found in Shungura formation and Usno formation surrounding the Omo river valley and the Hadar formation surrounding the Afar depression in Ethiopia. It has been closely allied with living colobus monkeys as well as the extinct '' Paracolobus''. Description ''Rhinocolobus'' was larger than any living colobus monkey, and also displayed sexual dimorphism. Fossils of males have been estimated to weigh , while females have been estimated at only . It had a fairly long muzzle, and a nearly absent nasal bone, comparable to Asian snub-nosed monkeys __NOTOC__ Snub-nosed monkeys are a group of Old World monkeys and make up the entirety of the genus ''Rhinopithecus''. The genus is rare and not fully researched. Some taxonomists group snub-nosed monkeys tog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parapresbytis
''Parapresbytis'' is an extinct genus of colobine monkey that lived in northeast Asia during the Mid-Late Pliocene. It is represented by single species known as ''Parapresbytis eohanuman'', whose remains have been found throughout the Transbaikal area. Taxonomy ''Parapresbytis eohanuman'' was once considered a species of ''Dolichopithecus'', but was found to be distinct. There is debate as to its exact position within Colobinae, with some researchers considering it an ancestor to certain Asian colobines such as snub-nosed monkeys, and others considering it a member of a primitive colobine radiation that includes ''Dolichopithecus'' and left no descendants. ''Parapresbytis'' seems to display a mosiac of distinct features shared with different living Asian colobine species, making its placement uncertain. Description ''Parapresbytis'' was a large monkey, with an ulnar comparable in size to a chacma baboon The chacma baboon (''Papio ursinus''), also known as the Cape baboon, is, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paracolobus
''Paracolobus'' is an extinct genus of primate closely related to the living colobus monkeys. It lived in eastern Africa in the Pliocene and Early Pleistocene. Fossils have been found in Kenya and Ethiopia, in places such as the Omo valley. Description Species of ''Paracolobus'' were large monkeys; ''P. chemeroni'' is estimated to have weighed between , while ''P. mutiwa'' and the comparatively small ''P. enkorikae'' have been estimated at and , respectively. Compared to another giant monkey '' Cercopithecoides'', ''Paracolobus'' had a longer face and deeper jaws. It had a longer cranium, broader muzzle, wider face and longer nasal bone than its closest relative, the extinct ''Rhinocolobus ''Rhinocolobus'' is an extinct genus of monkey closely related to modern colobus monkeys. It lived in eastern Africa during the Plio-Pleistocene, existing as recently as 1.5 million years ago. Taxonomy Fossils of ''Rhinocolobus'' were found in S ...''. Its dentition was similar to modern c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Snub-nosed Monkey
__NOTOC__ Snub-nosed monkeys are a group of Old World monkeys and make up the entirety of the genus ''Rhinopithecus''. The genus is rare and not fully researched. Some taxonomists group snub-nosed monkeys together with the genus ''Pygathrix''. Snub-nosed monkeys live in Asia, with a range covering southern China (especially Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou) extending into the northern parts of Myanmar and Vietnam. These monkeys are named for the short stump of a nose on their round faces, with nostrils arranged forward. They have relatively multicolored and long fur, particularly at the shoulders and backs. They grow to a length of with a tail of . Snub-nosed monkeys inhabit mountain forests up to elevations of more than . In the winter, they move into the deeply secluded regions. Higher elevation areas are more remote and difficult for humans to access and utilize and other studies have found less deforestation, more reforestation and afforestation, less range contraction, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pig-tailed Langur
The pig-tailed langur (''Simias concolor''), monotypic in genus ''Simias'', is a large Old World monkey, endemic to several small islands off the coast of Sumatra in Indonesia. Its face is black, its fur is black-brown and it has a relatively short tail. It is a diurnal species, feeding in the rainforest canopy on leaves, and to a lesser extent, fruit and berries. Little is known of its natural history, but it is heavily hunted, its populations have been declining rapidly and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being " critically endangered". It has been included on a list of the World's 25 Most Endangered Primates. As an arboreal primate the pig-tailed langur spends most of its time in the canopy devoting the majority of its activity budget towards resting and feeding. The structure of groups is single-male, multi-female. Group sizes range from around 3 to 9 individuals depending on locations and hunting pressures. There are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
