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Crenellated Guardhouse, 1846 Model
The crenellated guardhouses of the 1846 model (''corps de garde crénelés modèle 1846'') were gun-batteries built along the coast of France as the result of a standardisation of coastal-defence redoubts during the reign of Louis Philippe I. This standardisation came as an attempt to complete the defensive chain begun by Napoleon in 1811 with his model towers, left incomplete on his abdication in 1814. A mixed coastal armament commission set up in 1841 defined 3 types of work, known as crenellated guardhouses, crenellated towers and model-redoubt with defensive barracks.Fortifications littorales : les réduits de batterie de côte modèle "1846" ou modifié modèle "1846–1861" et casernes défensives, sur l'inventaire général, http://patrimoine.region-bretagne.fr/main.xsp?execute=show_document&id=MERIMEEIA29002284 , consulté le 16 juin 2011 Along with the construction of the battleship '' La Gloire'', they represent part of a 20-year trend of French naval and coastal re-arm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Philippe I
Louis Philippe (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, and the penultimate monarch of France. As Louis Philippe, Duke of Chartres, he distinguished himself commanding troops during the Revolutionary Wars and was promoted to lieutenant general by the age of nineteen, but he broke with the Republic over its decision to execute King Louis XVI. He fled to Switzerland in 1793 after being connected with a plot to restore France's monarchy. His father Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans (Philippe Égalité) fell under suspicion and was executed during the Reign of Terror. Louis Philippe remained in exile for 21 years until the Bourbon Restoration. He was proclaimed king in 1830 after his cousin Charles X was forced to abdicate by the July Revolution (and because of the Spanish renounciation). The reign of Louis Philippe is known as the July Monarchy and was dominated by wealthy industrialists and bankers. He followed conservative policie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Conquet
Le Conquet (; br, Konk-Leon) is a commune in the Finistère department of Brittany in north-western France. This is the westernmost town of mainland France. Only three insular towns— Ouessant, Île-Molène and Ile de Sein—are further west The town is mentioned in the Asterix series books, Asterix and the Chieftain's Daughter and Asterix and the Banquet as Gesocribatum. Geography Le Conquet is a fishing port in the northwest of Brittany and it is located north of the Pointe Saint-Mathieu (commune de Plougonvelin). Maritime transport The port of Le Conquet is served by the company ''Penn-ar-Bed'' providing links with Ouessant and the archipelago of Molène throughout the year. During April to September, the company ''Finist'mer'' also provides fast links between the port of Le Conquet and Lanildut, and the archipelago of Molene and Ouessant . History As he fled from Wales in exile, Henry Tudor landed in Le Conquet rather than France due to a storm that blew his ship o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murder Hole
A murder hole or meurtrière is a hole in the ceiling of a gateway or passageway in a fortification through which the defenders could shoot, throw or pour harmful substances or objects such as rocks, arrows, scalding water, hot sand, quicklime, or boiling oil, down on attackers. Boiling oil was rarely used because of its cost. Similar holes, called machicolations, were often located in the curtain walls of castles, fortified manor houses, and city walls. The parapet would project over corbels so that holes would be located over the exterior face of the wall, allowing the defenders to target attackers at the base of the wall. The primary difference between these two features is in their location. Murder holes were located on the interiors of castles and other fortified buildings at the entranceway. Their supposed intention was to discourage (or kill) invaders once they had breached the walls, though it has been suggested that they may have in some cases also facilitated more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roscanvel
Roscanvel (; br, Roskañvel) is a commune in the Finistère department of Brittany in north-western France. Population Inhabitants of Roscanvel are called in French ''Roscanvelistes''. See also * Quélern *Communes of the Finistère department *Parc naturel régional d'Armorique The Parc naturel régional d'Armorique ( br, Park an Arvorig), or Armorica Regional Natural Park, is a rural protected area located in Brittany. The park land reaches from the Atlantic Ocean to hilly inland countryside. There are sandy beaches, s ... References Mayors of Finistère Association External links Official website Communes of Finistère {{Finistère-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ouessant
Ushant (; br, Eusa, ; french: Ouessant, ) is a French island at the southwestern end of the English Channel which marks the westernmost point of metropolitan France. It belongs to Brittany and, in medieval terms, Léon. In lower tiers of government, it is a commune in the Finistère department. It is the only place in Brittany, save for Brittany itself, with a separate name in English. Geography Neighbouring islets include Keller Island () and Kadoran () to the north. The channel between Ushant and Keller is called the . Ushant marks a southern limit of the Celtic Sea and the southern end to the western English Channel, the northern end being the Isles of Scilly, southwest of Land's End in Cornwall, England. According to definitions of the International Hydrographic Organization the island lies outside the English Channel and is in the Celtic Sea. The island is a rocky landmass at most , covering . History Ushant is famous for its maritime past, both as a fishing communi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ÃŽle De Batz
The Île de Batz ( br, Enez Vaz) is an island off Roscoff in Brittany, France. Administratively, it is a commune in the Finistère department of Brittany in north-western France. Climate Île de Batz has a oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification ''Cfb''). The average annual temperature in Île de Batz is . The average annual rainfall is with December as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around , and lowest in February, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Île de Batz was on 18 August 1932; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 14 February 1929 and 18 December 1927. Population Inhabitants of Île-de-Batz are called in French ''Batziens'' or ''Îliens''. At the census of 1999 the island had a population of 575, and in 2005 it had an estimated population of 594. Sights *Jardin Georges Delaselle *Lighthouse A lighthouse is a tower, building, or other type of physical structure designed to em ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ploumoguer
Ploumoguer (; ) is a commune in the Finistère department of Brittany in north-western France. Population Inhabitants of Ploumoguer are called in French ''Ploumoguérois''. Notable people * Jean Causeur - 1643–1771, butcher who was said to have lived to 131 years of age. Modern scrutiny of his birth records reveal that he was probably born in around 1665, making his age of death around 109 years, still an exceptional age for his time.L.-L. B. Petersen and B. Jeune, ISSN 0909-119X , Odense, 2003; http://www.demogr.mpg.de/books/odense/6/03.htm See also *Communes of the Finistère department The following is a list of the 277 communes of the Finistère department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2022): [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plougonvelin
Plougonvelin (; br, Plougonvelen) is a commune in the Finistère department of Brittany in north-western France. Geography Climate Plougonvelin has a oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification ''Cfb''). The average annual temperature in Plougonvelin is . The average annual rainfall is with December as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around , and lowest in February, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Plougonvelin was on 12 July 1983; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 21 February 1948. Population Inhabitants of Plougonvelin are called in French ''Plougonvelinois''. Breton language The municipality launched a plan for the Breton language through Ya d'ar brezhoneg on 16 June 2005. In 2008, 8.44% of primary-school children attended bilingual schools. ''Ofis ar Brezhoneg''''Enseignement bilingue''/ref> Sights *Abbaye Saint-Mathieu de Fine-Terre *Fort de Bertheaume See also *Communes of the Finistère ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pointe Saint-Mathieu
The pointe Saint-Mathieu (Lok Mazé in Breton) is a headland located near Le Conquet in the territory of the commune of Plougonvelin in France, flanked by 20m high cliffs. Village At present, there are only a few houses on the point, grouped around the abbey ruins. However, in the past the settlement was not limited to the abbey and its dependents. Very soon a village was established along the coast for commercial potential and the possibilities for salvaging wrecks. Abbey The abbey held many privileges - right to rushes, right to furnaces, rights to a twelfth of jet, right to markets, right to fairs (Henry IV of France had instituted, in 1602, 5 annual fairs and a weekly market), right to measure wheat and wine, etc... In 1157 Hervé de Léon accorded the abbey the right of flotsam and jetsam on wrecks in all his fiefdoms; in 1390 the abbey received the right to take 10% of the hull, cargo and rigging of wrecked ships. To this right were added the right of remains, confirmed i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presqu'île De Kermorvan
The Presqu'île (literally a combination of the French words "presque" and "île" for almost and island, respectively)''Le petit Robert de la langue française'' 2007 is the central part of the City of Lyon, France. Extending from the foot of the Croix-Rousse hill in the north to the confluence of the Rhône and the Saône rivers in the south, it has a preponderance of cafés, restaurants, luxury shops, department stores, banks, government buildings and cultural institutions. The 1st and 2nd arrondissements of the city are located here, along with the Hôtel de Ville, Lyon's city hall in its 1st arrondissement. The spires of the Church of St. Nizier, rebuilt from the 14th to the 16th centuries, are at the foot of the former Saône river bridge. With a history stretching back to the Middle Ages, Lyon's Presqu'île was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List along with other districts in Lyon as a testimony to Lyon's long history as an important European city and its archite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fort De L'ÃŽlette De Kermorvan
A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ''fortis'' ("strong") and ''facere'' ("to make"). From very early history to modern times, defensive walls have often been necessary for cities to survive in an ever-changing world of invasion and conquest. Some settlements in the Indus Valley civilization were the first small cities to be fortified. In ancient Greece, large stone walls had been built in Mycenaean Greece, such as the ancient site of Mycenae (famous for the huge stone blocks of its ' cyclopean' walls). A Greek '' phrourion'' was a fortified collection of buildings used as a military garrison, and is the equivalent of the Roman castellum or English fortress. These constructions mainly served the purpose of a watch tower, to guard certain roads, passes, and borders. Though smaller than a real fortress, they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led successful campaigns during the Revolutionary Wars. He was the ''de facto'' leader of the French Republic as First Consul from 1799 to 1804, then Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814 and again in 1815. Napoleon's political and cultural legacy endures to this day, as a highly celebrated and controversial leader. He initiated many liberal reforms that have persisted in society, and is considered one of the greatest military commanders in history. His wars and campaigns are studied by militaries all over the world. Between three and six million civilians and soldiers perished in what became known as the Napoleonic Wars. Napoleon was born on the island of Corsica, not long aft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
