Credit Card Network
A card association or a bank card association is a network of issuing banks and acquiring banks that process payment cards of a specific brand. Examples Familiar payment card association brands include China UnionPay, RuPay, American Express, Discover Card, Discover, Diners Club International, Diners Club, Troy_(card_scheme), Troy and Japan Credit Bureau, JCB. While once card associations, Visa Inc., Visa and Mastercard have both become publicly traded companies. Statistics Among United States consumers alone, over 600 million payment cards are in circulation. References

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Issuing Bank
An issuing bank is a bank that offers card association branded payment cards directly to consumers, such as credit cards, debit cards, contactless devices such as key fobs as well as prepaid cards. The name is derived from the practice of issuing cards to a consumer. Details An issuing bank (also called an issuer) is part of the 4-party model of payments. It is the bank of the consumer (also called a cardholder) and is responsible for paying the merchant's bank (called an Acquiring Bank or Acquirer) for the goods and services the consumer purchases. It issues the payment card and holds the account with the consumer (such as a credit card account or checking account for a debit card). The parties in the 4-party model are: # Consumer (also called a cardholder): Makes purchases and promises to pay the Issuing Bank for them. # Issuing Bank (also called an Issuer): The consumer's bank. Transfers money for purchases to the Acquiring Bank. Is liable for purchases made by the consumer if the ...
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