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Corn Borer
''Ostrinia'' is a genus of moths in the family Crambidae described by Jacob Hübner in 1825. Several of them, including the European corn borer, are agricultural pests. Species *'' Ostrinia avarialis'' Amsel, 1970 *'' Ostrinia dorsivittata'' (Moore, 1888) *'' Ostrinia erythrialis'' (Hampson, 1913) *''Ostrinia furnacalis'' (Guenée, 1854) - Asian corn borer, Asian corn worm Cites *''Ostrinia kasmirica'' (Moore, 1888) *'' Ostrinia kurentzovi'' Mutuura & Munroe, 1970 *''Ostrinia latipennis'' (Warren, 1892) *'' Ostrinia marginalis'' (Walker, 1866) *''Ostrinia nubilalis'' (Hübner, 1796) - European corn borer, European corn worm *'' Ostrinia obumbratalis'' (Lederer, 1863) - smartweed borer *''Ostrinia ovalipennis'' Ohno, 2003 *''Ostrinia palustralis'' (Hübner, 1796) *''Ostrinia penitalis'' (Grote, 1876) - American lotus borer *'' Ostrinia peregrinalis'' (Eversmann, 1852) *'' Ostrinia putzufangensis'' Mutuura & Munroe, 1970 *'' Ostrinia quadripunctalis'' (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostrinia Nubialis
The European corn borer (''Ostrinia nubilalis''), also known as the European corn worm or European high-flyer, is a moth of the family Crambidae which includes other grass moths. It is a pest of grain, particularly maize (''Zea mays''). The insect is native to Europe, originally infesting varieties of millet, including broom corn. The European corn borer was first reported in North America in 1917 in Massachusetts, but was probably introduced from Europe several years earlier. Since its initial discovery in the Americas, the insect has spread into Canada and westward across the United States to the Rocky Mountains. The adult European corn borer is about long with a wingspan. The female is light yellowish brown with dark, irregular, wavy bands across the wings. The male is slightly smaller and darker. European corn borer caterpillars damage corn by chewing tunnels through many parts of the plant. This decreases agricultural yield. Geographic range The European corn borer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostrinia Palustralis
''Ostrinia palustralis'' is a species of moth in the family Crambidae described by Jacob Hübner in 1796. It has a trans-Palearctic distribution. In Europe, it is found from Sweden south to Italy and east through eastern Europe to Russia. However, it is absent from the western part of the Balkan Peninsula. The wingspan is 29–42 mm. The larvae feed on '' Rumex'' species, including ''Rumex hydrolapathum ''Rumex hydrolapathum'', the great water dock, water dock, or giant water dock, is a species of perennial herbaceous plants in the genus ''Rumex'' native to fens and freshwater banks of Europe and Western Asia. It is the tallest species in the g ...'' and '' Rumex aquaticus''. References Moths described in 1796 Pyraustinae Moths of Europe {{Pyraustinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blight
Blight refers to a specific symptom affecting plants in response to infection by a pathogenic organism. Description Blight is a rapid and complete chlorosis, browning, then death of plant tissues such as leaves, branches, twigs, or floral organs. Accordingly, many diseases that primarily exhibit this symptom are called blights. Several notable examples are: * Late blight of potato, caused by the water mold ''Phytophthora infestans'' (Mont.) de Bary, the disease which led to the Great Irish Famine * Southern corn leaf blight, caused by the fungus ''Cochliobolus heterostrophus'' (Drechs.) Drechs, anamorph ''Bipolaris maydis'' (Nisikado & Miyake) Shoemaker, incited a severe loss of corn in the United States in 1970. * Chestnut blight, caused by the fungus ''Cryphonectria parasitica'' (Murrill) Barr, has nearly completely eradicated mature American chestnuts in North America. * Citrus blight, caused by an unknown agent, infects all citrus scions. * Fire blight of pome fruits, caus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Curvularia Lunata
''Cochliobolus lunatus'' is a fungal plant pathogen that can cause disease in humans and other animals. The anamorph of this fungus is known as ''Curvularia lunata'', while ''Cochliobolus lunatus'' denotes the teleomorph or sexual state. They are, however, the same biological entity. ''Cochliobolus lunatus'' is the most commonly reported species in clinical cases of reported ''Cochliobolus'' infection. Morphology Macroscopic features of ''C. lunatus'' include brown to black colour, hairy, velvety or woolly texture, and loosely arranged and rapidly growing colonies on potato dextrose agar medium. Microscopically, there is great variety in the arrangement of the septate conidiophores, as they can be isolated or in groups, straight or bent, show simple or geniculate growth pattern, and vary in colour ranging from pale to dark brown. Conidiophore length can reach 650 μm and are often 5-9 μm wide, with swollen bases ranging from 10-15 μm in diameter. Conidia develop at the tips a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bipolaris Maydis
''Cochliobolus heterostrophus'' is a fungal plant pathogen. It can cause southern corn leaf blight in maize. ''Cochliobolus heterostrophus'' is found in many tropical regions and in the southern part of the US. ''Cochliobolus'', although not currently the most economically serious disease, can be a very serious crop disease. ''C. heterostrophus'' (race O) was considered a mild pathogen of corn, and was of little worry to those growing maize crops. It was not until the 1970s that ''C. heterostrophus'' (race T) destroyed more than 15% of the U.S. corn crop. Race T differed from race O in the sense that it produced T-toxin (host-selective toxin). The corn planted in the 1970s carried T-cms; T-cms was particularly susceptible to T-toxin. T-toxin is considered to be related to a family of linear polyketide Polyketides are a class of natural products derived from a precursor molecule consisting of a chain of alternating ketone (or reduced forms of a ketone) and methylene groups ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pathogens
In biology, a pathogen ( el, πάθος, "suffering", "passion" and , "producer of") in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a germ. The term ''pathogen'' came into use in the 1880s. Typically, the term ''pathogen'' is used to describe an ''infectious'' microorganism or agent, such as a virus, bacterium, protozoan, prion, viroid, or fungus. Small animals, such as helminths and insects, can also cause or transmit disease. However, these animals are usually referred to as parasites rather than pathogens. The scientific study of microscopic organisms, including microscopic pathogenic organisms, is called microbiology, while parasitology refers to the scientific study of parasites and the organisms that host them. There are several pathways through which pathogens can invade a host. The principal pathways have different episodic time frames, but soil has the longest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maize
Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. The leafy stalk of the plant produces pollen inflorescences (or "tassels") and separate ovuliferous inflorescences called ears that when fertilized yield kernels or seeds, which are fruits. The term ''maize'' is preferred in formal, scientific, and international usage as a common name because it refers specifically to this one grain, unlike ''corn'', which has a complex variety of meanings that vary by context and geographic region. Maize has become a staple food in many parts of the world, with the total production of maize surpassing that of wheat or rice. In addition to being consumed directly by humans (often in the form of masa), maize is also used for corn ethanol, animal feed and other maize products, such as corn starch and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostrinia Zealis
''Ostrinia zealis'' is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Achille Guenée in 1854. It is found in the Russian Far East, Japan, China and India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so .... Subspecies *''Ostrinia zealis zealis'' (India) *''Ostrinia zealis bipatrialis'' Mutuura & Munroe, 1970 (Japan: Kyushu) *''Ostrinia zealis centralis'' Mutuura & Munroe, 1970 (Japan: Honshu) *''Ostrinia zealis holoxuthalis'' Hampson, 1913 (China: Hubei) *''Ostrinia zealis varialis'' (Bremer, 1864) (Russia: Ussuri) References Moths described in 1854 Pyraustinae {{Pyraustinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostrinia Zaguliaevi
''Ostrinia zaguliaevi'' is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Akira Mutuura and Eugene G. Munroe in 1970. It is found in the Russian Far East The Russian Far East (russian: Дальний Восток России, r=Dal'niy Vostok Rossii, p=ˈdalʲnʲɪj vɐˈstok rɐˈsʲiɪ) is a region in Northeast Asia. It is the easternmost part of Russia and the Asian continent; and is admin ..., Japan and China. Subspecies *''Ostrinia zaguliaevi zaguliaevi'' (Russia: Amur) *''Ostrinia zaguliaevi honshuensis'' Mutuura & Munroe, 1970 (Japan: Honshu) *''Ostrinia zaguliaevi kyushuensis'' Mutuura & Munroe, 1970 (Japan: Kyushu) *''Ostrinia zaguliaevi ryukyuensis'' Mutuura & Munroe, 1970 (Japan: Ryukyus) *''Ostrinia zaguliaevi tienmuensis'' Mutuura & Munroe, 1970 (China: Chekiang) References Moths described in 1970 Pyraustinae {{Pyraustinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostrinia Scapulalis
''Ostrinia scapulalis'', the adzuki bean borer or adzuki bean worm, is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is one of 20 moths in the genus ''Ostrinia'' and is of Eurasian origin. The larvae have a gray mid-dorsal line and can be light pink or beige. The adult adzuki bean borer has a yellowish-brown forewing with jagged lines and variable darker shading, with a wingspan that ranges from 20 to 32 mm. The moths of this species are nocturnal and tend to be attracted to light. The larvae mainly feed on '' Artemisia vulgaris'', but may also feed on maize. Before boring the stalks of their host plant, early instar larvae graze on young plant tissues that are mostly apical. They are typically found in corn fields, gardens, and commercial crop plantations and they are usually active from April to October. They are primarily found in Japan, although they can be found in other regions of Asia and Europe as well. Distribution '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostrinia Sanguinealis
''Ostrinia sanguinealis'' is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Warren in 1892. It is found in China, Japan and Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the .... Subspecies *''Ostrinia sanguinealis sanguinealis'' (Japan) *''Ostrinia sanguinealis cathayensis'' Mutuura & Munroe, 1970 (China) References Moths described in 1892 Pyraustinae {{Pyraustinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostrinia Quadripunctalis
''Ostrinia quadripunctalis'' is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Norway, Germany, the Czech Republic, Austria, Italy, Slovakia, Hungary, the Republic of Macedonia, Albania, Ukraine and Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the .... References Moths described in 1775 Pyraustinae Moths of Japan Moths of Europe {{Pyraustinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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