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Contrast
Contrast may refer to: Science * Contrast (vision), the contradiction in form, colour and light between parts of an image * Contrast (statistics), a combination of averages whose coefficients add up to zero, or the difference between two means * Behavioral contrast, a phenomenon studied in psychology (behavior analysis) * Contrast agent, used to distinguish structures or fluids within a body, often shortened to just "contrast" Technology * Contrast ratio, a measure of a display system * Display contrast, of electronic visual displays Language * Contrast (linguistics), expressing distinctions between words * Contrast (literary), describing the difference(s) between two or more entities Arts and entertainment Music * The Contrast (band), an English pop band formed in 1999 * Contrast (music), the difference between parts or different instrumental sounds Albums * Contrast (Conor Maynard album), ''Contrast'' (Conor Maynard album), 2012 * Contrast (Matt Fax album), ''Contrast'' (Matt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Display Contrast
Contrast in visual perception is a felt difference in appearance of two or more parts of a field seen simultaneously or successively (hence: brightness contrast, lightness contrast, color contrast, simultaneous contrast, successive contrast, etc.). Contrast in physics is a quantity intended to correlate with the perceived brightness contrast, usually defined by one of a number of formulae (see below) which involve e.g. the luminances of the stimuli considered, for example: ΔL/L near the luminance threshold (known as Weber contrast), or LH/LL for much higher luminances. A contrast can also be due to differences of chromaticity specified by colorimetric characteristics (e.g. the color difference ΔE CIE 1976 UCS). Visual information is always contained in some kind of visual contrast, thus contrast is an essential performance feature of electronic visual displays. The contrast of electronic visual displays depends on the electrical driving (analog or digital input signal), on th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contrast (vision)
Contrast is the contradiction in luminance or colour that makes an object (or its representation in an image or display) distinguishable. In visual perception of the real world, contrast is determined by the difference in the colour and brightness of the object and other objects within the same field of view. The human visual system is more sensitive to contrast than absolute luminance; we can perceive the world similarly regardless of the huge changes in illumination over the day or from place to place. The maximum ''contrast'' of an image is the contrast ratio or dynamic range. Images with a contrast ratio close to their medium's maximum possible contrast ratio experience a ''conservation of contrast'', wherein any increase in contrast in some parts of the image must necessarily result in a decrease in contrast elsewhere. Brightening an image will increase contrast in dark areas but decrease contrast in bright areas, while darkening the image will have the opposite effect. B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contrast (statistics)
In statistics, particularly in analysis of variance and linear regression, a contrast is a linear combination of variables ( parameters or statistics) whose coefficients add up to zero, allowing comparison of different treatments. Definitions Let \theta_1,\ldots,\theta_t be a set of variables, either parameters or statistics, and a_1,\ldots,a_t be known constants. The quantity \sum_^t a_i \theta_i is a linear combination. It is called a contrast if Casella 2008, p. 11. Furthermore, two contrasts, \sum_^t a_i \theta_i and \sum_^t b_i \theta_i, are orthogonal if Examples Let us imagine that we are comparing four means, \mu_1,\mu_2,\mu_3,\mu_4. The following table describes three possible contrasts: The first contrast allows comparison of the first mean with the second, the second contrast allows comparison of the third mean with the fourth, and the third contrast allows comparison of the average of the first two means with the average of the last two. In a balanced one-way analy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contrast Ratio
The contrast ratio (CR) is a property of a display system, defined as the ratio of the luminance of the brightest shade (white) to that of the darkest shade (black) that the system is capable of producing. A high contrast ratio is a desired aspect of any display. It has similarities with dynamic range. There is no official, standardized way to measure contrast ratio for a system or its parts, nor is there a standard for defining "Contrast Ratio" that is accepted by any standards organization so ratings provided by different manufacturers of display devices are not necessarily comparable to each other due to differences in method of measurement, operation, and unstated variables. Manufacturers have traditionally favored measurement methods that isolate the device from the system, whereas other designers have more often taken the effect of the room into account. An ideal room would absorb all the light reflecting from a projection screen or emitted by a cathode ray tube, and the o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contrast Agent
A contrast agent (or contrast medium) is a substance used to increase the contrast of structures or fluids within the body in medical imaging. Contrast agents absorb or alter external electromagnetism or ultrasound, which is different from radiopharmaceuticals, which emit radiation themselves. In x-rays, contrast agents enhance the radiodensity in a target tissue or structure. In MRIs, contrast agents shorten (or in some instances increase) the relaxation times of nuclei within body tissues in order to alter the contrast in the image. Contrast agents are commonly used to improve the visibility of blood vessels and the gastrointestinal tract. Several types of contrast agent are in use in medical imaging and they can roughly be classified based on the imaging modalities where they are used. Most common contrast agents work based on X-ray attenuation and magnetic resonance signal enhancement. Radiocontrast media For radiography, which is based on X-rays, iodine and barium are the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contrast (Conor Maynard Album)
''Contrast'' is the debut studio album by British pop singer Conor Maynard. It was released on 30 July 2012 in the United Kingdom through Parlophone and across Europe between August and October. ''Contrast'' mainly includes production from The Invisible Men, who produced seven of the fourteen songs available on the album, along with production from Pharrell Williams, Stargate, Benny Blanco, Midi Mafia, Crada, Lucas Secon, Quiz & Larossi, and Eagle Eye, among others, and features guest appearances from American recording artists Ne-Yo and Pharrell Williams, as well as British singer Rita Ora. ''Contrast'' was recorded between 2011 and 2012 and its album's music consists of pop and R&B. The album's lead single " Can't Say No" entered the UK Singles Chart at number 2. The second single "Vegas Girl" was released the same day as ''Contrast'', entering at number 4. Another two singles were released after the album release. The album peaked at number 1 on the UK Albums Chart, and cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Behavioral Contrast
Behavioral contrast refers to a change in the strength of one response that occurs when the rate of reward of a second response, or of the first response under different conditions, is changed. For example, suppose that a pigeon Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ... in an operant chamber pecks a key for food reward. Sometimes the key is red, sometimes green, but food comes with equal frequency in either case. Then suddenly pecking the key when it is green brings food less frequently. Positive contrast is seen when the rate of response to the red key goes up, even though the frequency of reward in red remains unchanged. Likewise, increasing the reward to green tends to reduce the response rate to red (negative contrast). This sort of contrast effect may occur following ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contrast (video Game)
''Contrast'' is a puzzle-based platform style video game developed by Compulsion Games for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One, and NVIDIA Shield. Gameplay The game is set in a noir atmosphere aesthetically inspired by Belle Epoque and Art Nouveau. The player must solve puzzles that require movement between the physical world, which is represented as 3D, and shadows, which are represented as 2D. The player may sometimes manipulate different light sources in the 3D world (spotlights, film projectors, etc.) to create the shadow paths that reach into new areas; "collectibles", available through game-play, offer insight into the game's characters and the world in which they live. The goal of the game is exploration and discovery through problem solving. Dawn and Didi are the two characters who appear as full 3D figures. The player controls Dawn, an imaginary friend, who is able to manifest as a three-dimensional shadow. Dawn is able to jump between t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contrast (linguistics)
In semantics, contrast is a relationship between two discourse segments. On contrast Contrast is often overtly marked by markers such as ''but'' or ''however'', such as in the following examples: # It's raining, ''but'' I am not taking an umbrella. # We will be giving a party for our new students. We won't, ''however'', be serving drinks. # The student knew about the test on Friday, ''but'' still he did not study. In the first clause, ''It's raining'' implies that the speaker knows the weather situation and so will prepare for it, while the second clause ''I am not taking an umbrella'' implies that the speaker will still get wet. ''Both clauses'' (or discourse segments) refer to related situations, or themes, yet imply a contradiction. It is this relationship of comparing something similar, yet different, that is believed to be typical of contrastive relations. The same type of relationship is shown in (2), where the first sentence can be interpreted as implying that by giving ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contrast (music)
In music and musical form, contrast is the difference between parts or different instrument sounds. The three types of contrast are rhythmic contrast, melodic contrast, and harmonic contrast. Procedures of contrast include stratification, juxtaposition, and interpolation. Procedures of connection include gradation, amalgamation, and dissolution. Harmonic contrast means to have a change in keys or chords or even cadences. Contrast is not only a way of adding interest, and difference in a song, but is essential to the aesthetic illusion of dramatic resolution Resolution(s) may refer to: Common meanings * Resolution (debate), the statement which is debated in policy debate * Resolution (law), a written motion adopted by a deliberative body * New Year's resolution, a commitment that an individual mak ... of conflict.Laney, R., Samuels, R., Capulet, E. Cross Entropy as a Measure of Musical Contrast. In the proceedings of Mathematics and Computation in Music 2015, International ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Contrast (literary)
In literature, an author uses contrast when they describe the difference(s) between two or more entities. According to the Oxford Dictionary, contrast is comparing two things in order to show the differences between them. It is common in many works of Literature. For example, in The Pearl by John Steinbeck, a clear contrast is drawn between the Lower Class and the Upper Class residents of the society presented in the text. The Lower Class citizens live in brush houses, their economic activity is fishing and are sociable. These ones are represented by Kino, the main character and the fishermen. On the other hand, the Upper Class citizens live in plastered buildings, they engage in reputable economic activities such as medicine and are more focused to their economic activities as opposed to social interactions. In addition, in the first four lines of William Shakespeare's ''Sonnet 130'', Shakespeare contrasts a mistress to the sun, coral, snow, and wire. Contrast is the antonym of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Contrast (play)
''The Contrast'', written in 1787 by Royall Tyler, is an American play in the tradition of the English Restoration comedies of the seventeenth century; it takes its cue from Sheridan's ''The School for Scandal'', a British comedy of manners that had revived that tradition a decade before. Royall uses the form to satirize Americans who follow British fashions and indulge in 'British vices'. Thus, the play is often concerned with portraying the contrast between European and American culture. ''The Contrast'' is the first comedy written by an American citizen that was professionally produced. The play begins with a prologue written in heroic couplets A heroic couplet is a traditional form for English poetry, commonly used in epic and narrative poetry, and consisting of a rhyming pair of lines in iambic pentameter. Use of the heroic couplet was pioneered by Geoffrey Chaucer in the ''Legend of .... The play itself, a comedy of manners, evaluates home-made versus foreign goods ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
