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Constipatic Acid
Constipatic acid is a fatty acid found in several lichen species. It was isolated, identified, and named by Douglas Chester and John Alan Elix in a 1979 publication. The compound was extracted from the Australian leafy lichen called '' Xanthoparmelia constipata'' (after which the compound is named), which was collected on schist boulders west of Springton, South Australia. The related compounds protoconstipatic acid and dehydroconstipatic acid were also reported concurrently. Syo Kurokawa and Rex Filson had previously detected the compounds using thin-layer chromatography when they formally described the lichen as a new species in 1975, but had not characterised them chemically. After conversion of constipatic acid to methyl constipatate, a mass spectra of the compound revealed four diagnostic peaks at the mass-to-charge ratio (m/e) of 367, 338, 279 and 169. The peaks correspond to the cleavage of a methyl group, the 1-hydroxyethyl moiety, the methoxycarbonyl group (i.e. CH3- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fatty Acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with an aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring fatty acids have an unbranched chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28. Fatty acids are a major component of the lipids (up to 70% by weight) in some species such as microalgae but in some other organisms are not found in their standalone form, but instead exist as three main classes of esters: triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters. In any of these forms, fatty acids are both important dietary sources of fuel for animals and important structural components for cells. History The concept of fatty acid (''acide gras'') was introduced in 1813 by Michel Eugène Chevreul, though he initially used some variant terms: ''graisse acide'' and ''acide huileux'' ("acid fat" and "oily acid"). Types of fatty acids Fatty acids are classified in many ways: by length, by saturation vs unsaturati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthoparmelia
''Xanthoparmelia'' (commonly known as green rock shields or rock-shield lichens) is a genus of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, ''Xanthoparmelia'' is synonymous with ''Almbornia'', ''Neofuscelia'', ''Chondropsis'', ''Namakwa'', ''Paraparmelia'', and ''Xanthomaculina''. This genus of lichen is commonly found in the United States, as well as Australia, New Zealand and Ecuador. The name means 'golden yellow parmelia'. The photobiont (photosynthetic partner) is ''Trebouxia'' (a genus of green algae). Identification Distinguishing between species involves how much they are attached to the substrate, whether or not isidia are present, lower surface color, and chemical spot tests. All members of the genus react to spot test as K-, KC+ yellow, with medulla reaction varying from species to species. Species Species include: * ''Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa'' * '' Xanthoparmelia conspersa'' (''Parme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizoplaca Melanophthalma
''Rhizoplaca'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Lecanoraceae. Members of the genus are commonly called rimmed navel lichens because of their umbilicate growth form and lecanorine (rimmed with thallus Thallus (plural: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. Many of these organisms wer ...-like tissue) apothecia, also rock-posy lichen and rockbright.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, The genus has a widespread distribution and contains 11 species. References Lecanoraceae Lecanorales genera Lichen genera Taxa named by Friedrich Wilhelm Zopf Taxa described in 1905 {{Lecanoromycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punctelia Negata
''Punctelia negata'' is a little-known species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is found in South America. Taxonomy The lichen was described as a new species by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1872. Giving a brief diagnosis in a footnote, he distinguished it from the similar species '' P. rudecta'' and '' P. borreri'' by its longer ascospores and conidia, and its more wrinkled amphithecia (the inner layer of the perithecium next to the hymenium). The original specimens were collected by Alexander Lindig in "Nova Granata" (i.e. Republic of New Granada specifically Bogotá, Colombia), at an altitude of . In 1982, Norwegian botanist Hildur Krog transferred the taxon to the newly circumscribed ''Punctelia'', a segregate genus from ''Parmelia'' created to contain species with rounded pseudocyphellae. The lichen is poorly known, and has been rarely collected since its original description. Specimens reportedly collected from Rio Grande do Sul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lepraria Coriensis
''Lepraria'' is a genus of leprose crustose lichens that grows on its substrate like patches of granular, caked up, mealy dust grains.A taxonomic revision of the North American species of Lepraria s.l. that produce divaricatic acid, with notes on the type species of the genus L. incana, James C. Lendemer , Mycologia 103(6): 1216-1229/ref> Members of the genus are List of lichen common names and their genera, commonly called dust lichens.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, The main vegetative body ( thallus) is made of patches of soredia (little balls of algae wrapped in fungus). There are no known mechanisms for sexual reproduction, yet members of the genus continue to speciate. Some species can form marginal lobes and appear squamulose. Because of the morphological simplicity of the thallus and the absence of sexual structures, the composition of lichen products (i.e., secondary metabolites made by lichens) are important cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hertelidea Wankaensis
''Hertelidea wankaensis'' is a species of crustose lichen in the family Stereocaulaceae. It is found in northeastern Australia, where it grows on dead wood. Taxonomy The lichen was described as a new species in 2006 by lichenologists Gintaras Kantvilas and John Alan Elix. The type was collected along Wanka Road, south of Dalby, Queensland. Here it was found growing on dead eucalyptus wood in grassland, at an altitude of . The specific epithet ''wankaensis'' is formed from the name of its type locality with the Latin ending ''-ensis'' ("place of origin") appended. Description The lichen has a dull grey crustose thallus comprising irregular, gnarled areoles that are 0.1–0.3 mm wide. There are numerous apothecia measuring 0.3–0.8 mm in diameter, which occur either singly or sometimes fused together in clusters of two or three. Ascospores are hyaline, broadly ellipsoid to ovate in shape, and typically 6–13 by 4–6 μm. There are two type of conidia pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protoparmelia Nebulosa
''Protoparmelia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, and contains 11 species. ''Protoparmelia'' was circumscribed by French lichenologist Maurice Choisy in 1929. Species *'' Protoparmelia atriseda'' (Fr.) R.Sant. & V.Wirth (1987) *''Protoparmelia badia ''Protoparmelia badia'' is a species of crustose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is a widely distributed, common species that grows on rocks. Taxonomy The lichen was first formally described by German botanist Georg Franz Hoffmann in 17 ...'' (Hoffm.) Hafellner (1984) *'' Protoparmelia ewersii'' Elix & P.M.McCarthy (2017) – Australia *'' Protoparmelia hierrensis'' van den Boom & Ertz (2012) *'' Protoparmelia megalosporoides'' Weerakoon & Aptroot (2013) *'' Protoparmelia memnonia'' Hafellner & Türk (2001) *'' Protoparmelia nebulosa'' Elix & Kantvilas (2009) – Australia *'' Protoparmelia nephaea'' (Sommerf.) R.Sant. (1990) *'' Protoparmelia ochrococc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterodermia Japonica
''Heterodermia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Physciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical regions, and contains about 80 species. Description ''Heterodermia'' are subterranean or almost upright leaf lichens with a bearing diameter of up to 10 centimeters. Their top is pale greenish, whitish or pale greyish, many species are ciliolate on the edge. The underside is white, tan or orange with pale or dark rhizines. Distribution The genus ''Heterodermia'' has about 80 species a large area of distribution, especially in the tropics. Species *'' Heterodermia albicans'' *'' Heterodermia antillarum'' *''Heterodermia appalachensis'' *'' Heterodermia archeri'' *'' Heterodermia casarettiana'' *'' Heterodermia chilensis'' *'' Heterodermia ciliatomarginata'' *''Heterodermia comosa'' *'' Heterodermia crocea'' *'' Heterodermia diademata'' *'' Heterodermia echinata'' *'' Heterodermia erecta'' *'' Heterodermia erinacea'' *'' Heterodermia flabella ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterodermia Appendiculata
''Heterodermia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Physciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical regions, and contains about 80 species. Description ''Heterodermia'' are subterranean or almost upright leaf lichens with a bearing diameter of up to 10 centimeters. Their top is pale greenish, whitish or pale greyish, many species are ciliolate on the edge. The underside is white, tan or orange with pale or dark rhizines. Distribution The genus ''Heterodermia'' has about 80 species a large area of distribution, especially in the tropics. Species *'' Heterodermia albicans'' *'' Heterodermia antillarum'' *'' Heterodermia appalachensis'' *'' Heterodermia archeri'' *''Heterodermia casarettiana'' *''Heterodermia chilensis'' *''Heterodermia ciliatomarginata'' *''Heterodermia comosa'' *''Heterodermia crocea'' *''Heterodermia diademata'' *'' Heterodermia echinata'' *''Heterodermia erecta'' *''Heterodermia erinacea'' *''Heterodermia flabellata'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parmelia Xanthosorediata
Parmelia may refer to: * Parmelia (barque) ''Parmelia'' was a barque built in Quebec, Canada, in 1825. Originally registered on 31 May in Quebec, she sailed to Great Britain and assumed British registry. She made one voyage for the British East India Company (EIC), in 1827–1828. In 1829 ..., the vessel that in 1829 transported the first settlers of the British colony of Western Australia * ''Parmelia'' (fungus), a genus of lichens with global distribution * Parmelia, Western Australia, a suburb of Kwinana, Western Australia {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthoparmelia Metaclystoides
''Xanthoparmelia'' (commonly known as green rock shields or rock-shield lichens) is a genus of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, ''Xanthoparmelia'' is synonymous with ''Almbornia'', ''Neofuscelia'', ''Chondropsis'', ''Namakwa'', ''Paraparmelia'', and ''Xanthomaculina''. This genus of lichen is commonly found in the United States, as well as Australia, New Zealand and Ecuador. The name means 'golden yellow parmelia'. The photobiont (photosynthetic partner) is ''Trebouxia'' (a genus of green algae). Identification Distinguishing between species involves how much they are attached to the substrate, whether or not isidia are present, lower surface color, and chemical spot tests. All members of the genus react to spot test as K-, KC+ yellow, with medulla reaction varying from species to species. Species Species include: * '' Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa'' * ''Xanthoparmelia conspersa'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthoparmelia Lineola
''Xanthoparmelia lineola'', commonly known as the tight rock-shield, is a foliose lichen species in the genus ''Xanthoparmelia''. It is a common species with a temperate distribution. Found in North America and South Africa, it grows on rocks. Taxonomy It was originally described in 1941 as a species of ''Parmelia'' by Edward Cain Berry. It was one of 93 species that was transferred to ''Xanthoparmelia'' when Mason Hale promoted that taxon from subgeneric to generic status in 1974. It is commonly known as the tight rock-shield. Description ''Xanthoparmelia lineola'' has a thallus that is tightly attached (adnate) on its rock substrate. Yellowish green in colour, it grows to in diameter. The lobes are irregular in shape and measure 0.8–2 mm wide. Isidia and soredia are not present on the thallus. The medulla is white with a flat lower surface. The rhizines are pale, unbranched, and measure 0.2–0.4 mm long. The lichen has well-developed apothecia (2–5 in di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
