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Xanthoparmelia
''Xanthoparmelia'' (commonly known as green rock shields or rock-shield lichens) is a genus of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, ''Xanthoparmelia'' is synonymous with ''Almbornia'', ''Neofuscelia'', ''Chondropsis'', ''Namakwa'', ''Paraparmelia'', and ''Xanthomaculina''. This genus of lichen is commonly found in the United States, as well as Australia, New Zealand and Ecuador. The name means 'golden yellow parmelia'. The photobiont (photosynthetic partner) is ''Trebouxia'' (a genus of green algae). Identification Distinguishing between species involves how much they are attached to the substrate, whether or not isidia are present, lower surface color, and chemical spot tests. All members of the genus react to spot test as K-, KC+ yellow, with medulla reaction varying from species to species. Species Species include: * ''Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa'' * '' Xanthoparmelia conspersa'' (''Parme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthoparmelia Lineola
''Xanthoparmelia lineola'', commonly known as the tight rock-shield, is a foliose lichen species in the genus ''Xanthoparmelia''. It is a common species with a temperate distribution. Found in North America and South Africa, it grows on rocks. Taxonomy It was originally described in 1941 as a species of ''Parmelia'' by Edward Cain Berry. It was one of 93 species that was transferred to ''Xanthoparmelia'' when Mason Hale promoted that taxon from subgeneric to generic status in 1974. It is commonly known as the tight rock-shield. Description ''Xanthoparmelia lineola'' has a thallus that is tightly attached (adnate) on its rock substrate. Yellowish green in colour, it grows to in diameter. The lobes are irregular in shape and measure 0.8–2 mm wide. Isidia and soredia are not present on the thallus. The medulla is white with a flat lower surface. The rhizines are pale, unbranched, and measure 0.2–0.4 mm long. The lichen has well-developed apothecia (2–5 in di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthoparmelia Scabrosa
''Xanthoparmelia scabrosa'', jocularly known as sexy footpath lichen or sexy pavement lichen, is a foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It tolerates a very wide range of substrata, predominantly rock but also tree bark, roofing tiles, glass, and in wetter areas bitumen paths and roads. Taxonomy and naming The lichen was first formally described under the name ''Parmelia scabrosa'' in 1847 by botanist Thomas Taylor. The type was collected by botanist James Drummond near Swan River in Western Australia. It became known as a species of ''Xanthoparmelia'' in 1974 when Mason Hale promoted that subgenus of ''Parmelia'' to generic status. The lichen was dubbed 'sexy footpath lichen' in a talk for the Auckland Botanical Society by Allison Knight. The name was popularised by Peter de Lange as 'sexy pavement lichen'. Description ''Xanthoparmelia scabrosa'' has a thallus that is foliose (leafy in appearance). The upper surface is yellow-green, while the lower surface is pale t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthoparmelia Cumberlandia
''Xanthoparmelia cumberlandia'' is a lichen which belongs to the ''Xanthoparmelia'' genus. It is also known as a member of the rockfrong lichens due to its coloration. Description Grows to around 6–12 cm in diameter with irregular lobate lobes. The upper surface of the lichen has rounded lobed tips with yellow-green or blueish green areas on the surface. Habitat and range Commonly found attached to acid rocks in sheltered and semi-sheltered open coastal and intermontane areas at lower elevations as such it is commonly found in across North America except in deserts and open plains. Chemistry ''Xanthoparmelia cumberlandia'' produces constictic, norstictic, stictic, norstictic, usnic and menegazzic acids. Taxonomy The lichen was first formally described under the name ''Parmelia cumberlandia'' in 1847. See also * List of ''Xanthoparmelia'' species References cumberlandia Lichen species Lichens of North America Lichens described in 1934 { ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthoparmelia Conspersa
''Xanthoparmelia conspersa'', commonly known as the peppered rock-shield, is a foliose lichen and the type species of genus ''Xanthoparmelia''. It is widely distributed in temperate zones, and has been recorded from Japan, Europe, Africa, North America, and South America. Taxonomy The lichen was first described with the name ''Lichen conspersus'' in 1799 by lichenologist Erik Acharius. In its taxonomic history, it has been transferred to the genera ''Imbricaria'', ''Lobaria'', and ''Parmelia''. It became known as a species of ''Xanthoparmelia'' when Mason Hale promoted that subgenus of ''Parmelia'' to generic status in 1974. It is commonly known as the "peppered rock-shield". Description ''Xanthoparmelia conspersa'' has a thallus that is either tightly or loosely attached to its substrate. The thallus, which measures , is made of narrow lobes that are 1–3 mm wide, which are crowded and usually overlapping. The thallus upper surface often features isidia that range in sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthoparmelia Subramigera
''Xanthoparmelia subramigera'' is a lichen which belongs to the ''Xanthoparmelia'' genus. Description Grows to around 4-12 cm in diameter with irregularly lobate lobes which are approximately 1.5-4 mm wide. The upper surface of the lichen is yellow-green with a smooth and shiny surface while the lower surface is often pale or medium brown in color. Habitat and range The lichen has a wide global range including Africa, North and South America,the Caribbean, Japan, and Oceania. Interestingly this species can be found in very isolated locations such as Ascension Island and St Helena Island in the Atlantic Ocean and the mountains of North Korea North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and shares borders with China and Russia to the north, at the Yalu River, Y .... See also * List of ''Xanthoparmelia'' species References subr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthoparmelia Mexicana
''Xanthoparmelia mexicana'', commonly known as the salted rock-shield, is a foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It grows in 4–10 cm diameter rosettes of gray-green to yellow-green lobes in arid climates all over the world. Taxonomy It was originally described in 1931 as a species of ''Parmelia'' by Hungarian lichenologist Vilmos Kőfaragó-Gyelnik. It was one of 93 species that was transferred to ''Xanthoparmelia'' when Mason Hale promoted that taxon from subgeneric to generic status in 1974. It is commonly known as the salted rock-shield. Description ''Xanthoparmelia mexicana'' grows in diameter rosettes consisting of small lobes. The lower surface is pale to medium brown. Apothecia are uncommon; when present, they are cinnamon to dark-brown colored discs with smooth margins, and no pruina. Lichen spot tests are negative for the upper cortex (K−, C−, KC−, P−). For the medulla they are K+ yellow to dark red, C−, KC−, and P+ orange. It produces seco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthoparmelia Mougeotii
''Xanthoparmelia mougeotii'' is a species of foliose lichen belonging to the family Parmeliaceae. Description The lichen has a foliose thallus that is usually in diameter. It consists of flattened greenish-grey to yellowish-grey lobes (about 0.2–0.5 mm wide) that are closely attached to the substrate. The lower surface is dark brown to black and has short, simple rhizines that are 0.1–0.2 mm long. Apothecia are rare, with brown discs, and sorediate margins. The predominant secondary compounds are usnic acid, stictic acid, and norstictic acid. Habitat and distribution ''Xanthoparmelia mougeotii'' typically grows on rocks, particularly ones that are smooth, and on a vertical surface. It is often found in scree fields, rock outcrops, cliffs, on boulders, stones, pebbles or siliceous conglomerates. The lichen has a distribution in temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthoparmelia Metastrigosa
''Xanthoparmelia metastrigosa'' is a lichen which belongs to the ''Xanthoparmelia'' genus. It is found only in Australia. It is one of the few lichens that is listed as endangered. Description Grows to around 7–12 cm in diameter with irregular and dichotomously branched lobes. The upper surface of the lichen is yellow-green surface. Habitat and range Xanthoparmelia canobolasensis and Xanthoparmelia metastrigosa are known only from Mount Canobolas Mount Canobolas, a mountain on a spur of the Great Dividing Range, is located in the Central Tablelands region of New South Wales, Australia. With an elevation of above sea level, Mount Canobolas, an extinct volcano, is the highest mountain i .... See also * List of ''Xanthoparmelia'' species References metastrigosa Lichen species Lichens of Australia Lichens described in 1981 {{Fungus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parmeliaceae
The Parmeliaceae is a large and diverse family of Lecanoromycetes. With over 2700 species in 71 genera, it is the largest family of lichen-forming fungi. The most speciose genera in the family are the well-known groups: '' Xanthoparmelia'' ( 822 species), ''Usnea'' (355 species), ''Parmotrema'' ( 255 species), and ''Hypotrachyna'' (262 species). Nearly all members of the family have a symbiotic association with a green alga (most often ''Trebouxia'' spp., but '' Asterochloris'' spp. are known to associate with some species).Miadlikowska, J. ''et al.'' (2006). New insights into classification and evolution of the Lecanoromycetes (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota) from phylogenetic analyses of three ribosomal RNA- and two protein-coding genes. ''Mycologia'' 98: 1088-1103. http://www.mycologia.org/cgi/reprint/98/6/1088.pdf The majority of Parmeliaceae species have a foliose, fruticose, or subfruticose growth form. The morphological diversity and complexity exhibited by this group is en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthoparmelia Tinctina
''Xanthoparmelia tinctina'' is a species of lichen from the family Parmeliaceae that can be found in Arizona, California, Northern Africa and Europe. The upper surface is yellow–green, while the bottom surface is brown and flat, measuring in diameter. The apothecia are wide, the thallus is laminal and is in diameter. The disc is either cinnamon-brown or dark brown and is ellipsoided. The pycnidia are immersed, and the conidia are bifusiform, with 8-spored asci that are hyaline and ellipsoid An ellipsoid is a surface that may be obtained from a sphere by deforming it by means of directional scalings, or more generally, of an affine transformation. An ellipsoid is a quadric surface; that is, a surface that may be defined as the .... See also * List of ''Xanthoparmelia'' species References tinctina Lichen species Lichens described in 1925 Lichens of North Africa Lichens of Europe Lichens of North America {{Parmeliaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthoparmelia Chlorochroa
''Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa'', known as the tumbleweed shield lichen or ground lichen, is a foliose lichen in the Parmeliaceae family. It is not fixed to a substrate, and blows around in the wind from location to location. Distribution and habitat This lichen is abundant on the High Plains of Wyoming. Its distribution covers intermountain regions of western North America, and Mexico. Uses Tumbleweed shield lichen is used as a dye by Navajo rug weavers. It has been used as a remedy for impetigo by the Navajo. Toxicity It was implicated in the poisoning of domestic sheep and cattle in Wyoming during the 1930s. It has also been implicated in the poisoning of elk The elk (''Cervus canadensis''), also known as the wapiti, is one of the largest species within the deer family, Cervidae, and one of the largest terrestrial mammals in its native range of North America and Central and East Asia. The common ... in 2004. See also * List of ''Xanthoparmelia'' species References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthoparmelia Lavicola
''Xanthoparmelia lavicola'' is a species of lichen in the family Parmeliaceae that can be found in Mexico north to Arizona and California in the United States. It has also been found in Ecuador. ''Xanthoparmelia lavicola'' grows in dry habitats on acidic rocks. It has been called the trochanter lichen. Description The upper part is either light yellow or yellow-green and the bottom surface is brown. The apothecia are wide and the thallus of which is laminal and is in diameter. The disc is either cinnamon-brown or dark brown and is ellipsoid. The pycnidia is immersed, while the conidia A conidium ( ; ), sometimes termed an asexual chlamydospore or chlamydoconidium (), is an asexual, non-motile spore of a fungus. The word ''conidium'' comes from the Ancient Greek word for dust, ('). They are also called mitospores due to the ... are bifusiform. See also * List of ''Xanthoparmelia'' species References {{Taxonbar, from=Q8043067 lavicola Lichen species Lichens of Nort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |