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Conformation Activity Relationship
Conformation generally means structural arrangement and may refer to: * Conformational isomerism, a form of stereoisomerism in chemistry ** Carbohydrate conformation ** Cyclohexane conformation ** Protein conformation ** Conformation activity relationship between the biological activity and the conformation or conformational changes of a biomolecule Animal breeding *Equine conformation evaluates the degree of correctness of a horse's bone structure, musculature, and body proportions * Conformation (dog) evaluates a dog according to physical standards for its breed **Conformation show, a dog show in which dogs are judged according to how well they conform to the established breed type See also *Conformable *Conformal (other) *Conformality *Conformance (other) *Conformer *Confirmation *Conformity Conformity is the act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to group norms, politics or being like-minded. Norms are implicit, specific rules, shared by a gro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conformational Isomerism
In chemistry, conformational isomerism is a form of stereoisomerism in which the isomers can be interconverted just by rotations about formally single bonds (refer to figure on single bond rotation). While any two arrangements of atoms in a molecule that differ by rotation about single bonds can be referred to as different conformations, conformations that correspond to local minima on the potential energy surface are specifically called conformational isomers or conformers. Conformations that correspond to local maxima on the energy surface are the transition states between the local-minimum conformational isomers. Rotations about single bonds involve overcoming a rotational energy barrier to interconvert one conformer to another. If the energy barrier is low, there is free rotation and a sample of the compound exists as a rapidly equilibrating mixture of multiple conformers; if the energy barrier is high enough then there is restricted rotation, a molecule may exist for a relat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbohydrate Conformation
Carbohydrate conformation refers to the overall three-dimensional structure adopted by a carbohydrate (saccharide) molecule as a result of the through-bond and through-space physical forces it experiences arising from its molecular structure. The physical forces that dictate the three-dimensional shapes of all molecules—here, of all monosaccharide, oligosaccharide, and polysaccharide molecules—are sometimes summarily captured by such terms as " steric interactions" and " stereoelectronic effects" (see below). Saccharide and other chemical conformations can be reasonably shown using two-dimensional structure representations that follow set conventions; these capture for a trained viewer an understanding of the three-dimensional structure via structure drawings (see organic chemistry article, and "3D Representations" section in molecular geometry article); they are also represented by stereograms on the two dimensional page, and increasingly using 3D display technologies on compu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclohexane Conformation
In organic chemistry, cyclohexane conformations are any of several three-dimensional shapes adopted by molecules of cyclohexane. Because many compounds feature structurally similar six-membered rings, the structure and dynamics of cyclohexane are important prototypes of a wide range of compounds. The internal angles of a regular, flat hexagon are 120°, while the preferred angle between successive bonds in a carbon chain is about 109.5°, the tetrahedral angle (the arc cosine of −). Therefore, the cyclohexane ring tends to assume non-planar (warped) conformations, which have all angles closer to 109.5° and therefore a lower strain energy than the flat hexagonal shape. Consider the carbon atoms numbered from 1 to 6 around the ring. If we hold carbon atoms 1, 2, and 3 stationary, with the correct bond lengths and the tetrahedral angle between the two bonds, and then continue by adding carbon atoms 4, 5, and 6 with the correct bond length and the tetrahedral angle, we can var ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein Conformation
Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule. Proteins are polymers specifically polypeptides formed from sequences of amino acids, the monomers of the polymer. A single amino acid monomer may also be called a ''residue'' indicating a repeating unit of a polymer. Proteins form by amino acids undergoing condensation reactions, in which the amino acids lose one water molecule per reaction in order to attach to one another with a peptide bond. By convention, a chain under 30 amino acids is often identified as a peptide, rather than a protein. To be able to perform their biological function, proteins fold into one or more specific spatial conformations driven by a number of non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions, Van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic packing. To understand the functions of proteins at a molecular level, it is often necessary to determine their three-dimensional structure. This is the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conformation Activity Relationship
Conformation generally means structural arrangement and may refer to: * Conformational isomerism, a form of stereoisomerism in chemistry ** Carbohydrate conformation ** Cyclohexane conformation ** Protein conformation ** Conformation activity relationship between the biological activity and the conformation or conformational changes of a biomolecule Animal breeding *Equine conformation evaluates the degree of correctness of a horse's bone structure, musculature, and body proportions * Conformation (dog) evaluates a dog according to physical standards for its breed **Conformation show, a dog show in which dogs are judged according to how well they conform to the established breed type See also *Conformable *Conformal (other) *Conformality *Conformance (other) *Conformer *Confirmation *Conformity Conformity is the act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to group norms, politics or being like-minded. Norms are implicit, specific rules, shared by a gro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equine Conformation
Equine conformation evaluates a horse's bone structure, musculature, and its body proportions in relation to each other. Undesirable conformation can limit the ability to perform a specific task. Although there are several faults with universal disadvantages, a horse's conformation is usually judged by what its intended use may be. Thus "form to function" is one of the first set of traits considered in judging conformation. A horse with poor form for a Grand Prix show jumper could have excellent conformation for a World Champion cutting horse, or to be a champion draft horse. Every horse has good and bad points of its conformation and many horses (including Olympic caliber horses) excel even with conformation faults. Conformation of the head and neck The standard of the ideal head varies dramatically from breed to breed based on a mixture of the role the horse is bred for and what breeders, owners and enthusiasts find appealing. Breed standards frequently cite large eyes, a br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conformation (dog)
Conformation in dogs refers solely to the externally visible details of a dog's structure and appearance, as defined in detail by each dog breed's written breed standard. A dog that ''conforms'' to most of the items of description in its individual breed standard is said to have ''good conformation''. Unlike equine conformation, there are no fixed rules for dog conformation, as dogs are the most variable in appearance of any animals ("Phenotypic variation among dog breeds, whether it be in size, shape, or behavior, is greater than for any other animal"). Instead, conformation in dogs is based on the dog type from which the breed developed, along with many details that have been added to the breed standard for purposes of differentiation from other breeds, for working reasons, or for enhancing the beauty of the animals from the viewpoint of the fanciers who wrote the breed standards. Breed standards The breed standard for each breed of dog details desirable and undesirable attribu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conformation Show
A dog show is an event where dogs are exhibited. A conformation show, also referred to as a ''breed show'', is a kind of dog show in which a judge, familiar with a specific dog breed, evaluates individual purebred dogs for how well the dogs ''conform'' to the established breed type for their breed, as described in a breed's individual breed standard. Such shows are useful to breeders as a means of evaluating dogs for breeding purposes. A conformation championship from a recognised national kennel club is generally considered a reasonably objective indication of merit, as it indicates that the dog has been found to be a superior example of its breed by a number of different judges on a number of separate occasions. Many breeders consider championship a prerequisite for breeding. Conformation shows have been controversial, as critics argue that the shows encourage selective breeding of traits and lower genetic diversity, which reduces the health, happiness and longevity of the do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conformable
In mathematics, a matrix is conformable if its dimensions are suitable for defining some operation (''e.g.'' addition, multiplication, etc.). Examples * If two matrices have the same dimensions (number of rows and number of columns), they are ''conformable for addition''. * Multiplication of two matrices is defined if and only if the number of columns of the left matrix is the same as the number of rows of the right matrix. That is, if is an matrix and is an matrix, then needs to be equal to for the matrix product to be defined. In this case, we say that and are ''conformable for multiplication'' (in that sequence). * Since squaring a matrix involves multiplying it by itself () a matrix must be (that is, it must be a square matrix) to be ''conformable for squaring''. Thus for example only a square matrix can be idempotent. * Only a square matrix is ''conformable for matrix inversion''. However, the Moore–Penrose pseudoinverse and other generalized inverses do not hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conformal (other) , in cartography
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Conformal may refer to: * Conformal (software), in ASIC Software * Conformal coating in electronics * Conformal cooling channel, in injection or blow moulding * Conformal field theory in physics, such as: ** Boundary conformal field theory ** Coset conformal field theory ** Logarithmic conformal field theory ** Rational conformal field theory * Conformal fuel tanks on military aircraft * Conformal hypergraph, in mathematics * Conformal geometry, in mathematics * Conformal group, in mathematics * Conformal map, in mathematics * Conformal map projection In cartography, a conformal map projection is one in which every angle between two curves that cross each other on Earth (a sphere or an ellipsoid) is preserved in the image of the projection, i.e. the projection is a conformal map in the mathema ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conformality
In mathematics, a conformal map is a function that locally preserves angles, but not necessarily lengths. More formally, let U and V be open subsets of \mathbb^n. A function f:U\to V is called conformal (or angle-preserving) at a point u_0\in U if it preserves angles between directed curves through u_0, as well as preserving orientation. Conformal maps preserve both angles and the shapes of infinitesimally small figures, but not necessarily their size or curvature. The conformal property may be described in terms of the Jacobian derivative matrix of a coordinate transformation. The transformation is conformal whenever the Jacobian at each point is a positive scalar times a rotation matrix ( orthogonal with determinant one). Some authors define conformality to include orientation-reversing mappings whose Jacobians can be written as any scalar times any orthogonal matrix. For mappings in two dimensions, the (orientation-preserving) conformal mappings are precisely the locall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conformance (other)
Conformance is how well something, such as a product, service or a system, meets a specified standard and may refer more specifically to: * Conformance testing Conformance testing — an element of conformity assessment, and also known as compliance testing, or type testing — is testing or other activities that determine whether a process, product, or service complies with the requirements of a specifi ..., testing to determine whether a product or system meets some specified standard * SNIA Conformance Testing Program, a program trying to bring third-party standards conformance to the storage networking marketplace See also * Conformation (other), a variety of similar concepts applied to chemicals or animals {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
